2021 New Year's Day Spring Festival health tips are coming! Shellfish and seafood such as oysters should be deeply processed and eaten

The Spring Festival is the most important traditional festival in China, most people who work and study in other places go home to reunite, and some people use long holidays to travel. The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention warmly reminds that at present, it is still in the global pandemic period of the new coronavirus pneumonia epidemic, and while enjoying the happy and peaceful Spring Festival, we must not ignore the prevention and control of the new crown epidemic, and at the same time prevent human infection with avian influenza, norovirus infection, food poisoning and carbon monoxide poisoning.

<h5>Data chart Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Feng Kaihua</h5>

<h4>Important</h4>

1 China's achievements in the prevention and control of new crown pneumonia are not easy to come by, and are the result of the joint efforts of the people of the whole country. Everyone can avoid the risk of infection as much as possible, that is, to contribute to the prevention and control of the epidemic. To avoid unnecessary cross-border travel, people in high-risk areas of the new crown epidemic in China are restricted from travel, and travel can be staggered between low-risk areas, and it is recommended that the elderly and people with underlying medical conditions avoid going out during vacations. During the trip, you should obey the relevant requirements of the new crown prevention and control work of the travel destination, and prepare masks, hand sanitizer, disinfectant wipes and other items. Wear masks, keep your distance, wash your hands frequently when in contact with others, minimize crowd gatherings, and control the size of the number of people eating together. Self-health monitoring should be done after returning from travel. These measures can also prevent respiratory infectious diseases that are common in winter and spring, such as influenza.

2 Try to avoid contact with live poultry or live poultry markets, do not buy live poultry, and encourage the purchase of cold or chilled poultry that has been slaughtered centrally to reduce the chance of avian influenza exposure.

3 During the holidays, we should minimize dinners, do not hold large-scale dinner activities, and pay attention to the prevention of norovirus disease and food poisoning. Do not eat undercooked and cooked food, underilized milk, unpeeled fruits, raw vegetables, and do not drink raw water.

4 In winter, when indoor coal is burned for heating, gas, gas stoves or small oil and steam generators are used, good ventilation should be maintained to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning.

<h4>Characteristics of the associated risks and specific preventive measures</h4>

1. Novel coronavirus pneumonia

Since the beginning of winter, the frequency of local cluster outbreaks caused by imported infectious sources in China has increased, and the scale of epidemics has been small due to timely detection and control. The global epidemic situation has continued to rise, with an average daily increase of more than 640,000 new cases since mid-December, and since the outbreak of the epidemic, the cumulative number of reported cases worldwide has exceeded 77.53 million, and the cumulative number of deaths has exceeded 1.72 million (for details of the real-time epidemic situation, see the distribution of the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic in the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention http://2019ncov.chinacdc.cn/2019-nCoV/global.html).

In the coming period, the overall global epidemic will continue to show a continuous upward trend. Although many countries have successively approved the emergency use of COVID-19 vaccines, due to factors such as production, distribution, vaccination, funding, and the priority of ordering most vaccines in rich countries, it is less likely that vaccination will form an immune barrier and change the development of the epidemic in the short term. Therefore, during the Spring Festival in 2021, it is very likely that the overseas epidemic will still show a high-intensity epidemic situation; the risk of epidemic importation in China is still large, and the population movement will increase the risk of the spread of the epidemic.

Main precautions:

1 At present, the epidemic situation abroad is serious, and the risk of infection is high for individuals traveling abroad. According to local prevention and control policies, inbound personnel must provide strict double negative test certificates, and after entry, they need to be in centralized isolation and observation for 14 days plus 7 days of health follow-up. Therefore, it is recommended that individuals fully weigh the timing and necessity of travel and avoid non-essential cross-border travel.

2 People in medium- and high-risk areas in the territory are restricted from traveling, and personnel in low-risk areas are not allowed to travel to medium- and high-risk areas. The risk level of the new crown epidemic in various parts of China can be queried in real time such as the special column of the State Council website (http://bmfw.www.gov.cn/yqfxdjcx/risk.html), the mobile application "State Council Client" or the WeChat Mini Program.

3 People in low-risk areas in the territory can arrange travel at staggered peaks, but it is recommended that the elderly and those with underlying medical conditions avoid going out during the holidays. During the trip, when taking the plane, train and other means of transport, you should comply with the order and crew management requirements, wear a mask throughout the process, do a good job of hand hygiene, and properly save the ticket for inquiry. If you have symptoms such as headache, fatigue, loss of smell and taste, dry cough, fever and other symptoms during the journey, you should immediately go to the nearest medical institution to cancel or suspend the trip. Minimize unnecessary crowd gatherings during the holidays, control the size of the number of people eating together, wear masks, maintain distance when in contact with others, and wash your hands frequently.

4 After returning from travel, continue to do a good job of personal health monitoring, should self-observe for 14 days, once unwell, seek medical treatment in time and take the initiative to inform the doctor of his travel history.

2. Human infection with avian influenza

Since the beginning of winter, avian influenza outbreaks have been detected among birds in China. Several sporadic cases of human infection with avian influenza have also been reported in a small number of areas of the south of the country.

The main source of human infection with avian influenza is exposure to infected live poultry or visiting contaminated live poultry markets. Patients generally present with initial flu-like symptoms such as fever, cough, and sputum loss, which may be accompanied by headache, muscle aches, and general malaise. The condition of severe patients develops rapidly, and most of them show severe pneumonia and other manifestations.

Avoid contact with live poultry or live poultry markets as much as possible, and if contact is necessary, strengthen personal protection, such as wearing masks, gloves, and washing your hands with soap and water as soon as possible; do not buy live poultry, encourage the purchase of cold or chilled poultry that has been slaughtered centrally; do not buy live poultry domestically from live poultry markets or mobile vendors, let alone mix with the original poultry; if you have fever and respiratory symptoms, you should wear a mask, see a doctor as soon as possible, and tell the doctor if you have a history of poultry contact before the onset of illness or whether you have been to a live poultry market.

Three. Norovirus disease

Outbreaks of norovirus disease occur mainly in childcare facilities or schools. Norovirus outbreaks also occur frequently in tour groups, cruise ships, and vacation centers. In recent years, our country has reported several outbreaks of norovirus disease in domestic and foreign tour groups. Since the beginning of winter, a number of schools and childcare institutions have reported outbreaks of norovirus disease.

People are often infected by eating or drinking norovirus-contaminated food or water, touching a virus-contaminated object or surface and putting their finger in their mouth, or touching a person infected with the virus (e.g., caring for a patient, sharing food with a patient, or sharing utensils). The most common clinical symptoms are vomiting and diarrhea, followed by nausea, abdominal pain, headache, fever, chills, and muscle aches, and most patients recover after 2 to 3 days. In rare cases, severe illness or even death can occur. The high-risk groups for severe illness are the elderly and young children.

Pay attention to hand washing, especially after going to the toilet and changing diapers, and before eating, preparing and processing food every time; fruits and vegetables should be carefully washed before eating, oysters and other shellfish seafood should be eaten after deep processing; norovirus infected people cannot prepare and process food or accompany other patients within 3 days after recovery; surfaces contaminated with vomit or feces should be washed and disinfected with chlorine-containing bleach or other effective disinfectants in a timely manner, and contaminated clothes or bed sheets should be removed and washed immediately, etc., Wear rubber or disposable gloves when washing and wash your hands carefully after washing.

Four. food poisoning

Opportunities to eat together and eat out during the holiday season increase, and the likelihood of food poisoning increases in the case of poor food hygiene. Food poisoning in mainland China has the highest number of microbial food poisoning incidents and the largest number of poisonings, mainly occurring in catering service units and collective canteens, manifested as collective eating of the same or more contaminated or spoiled foods, and many people are concentrated in the disease. Patients often have gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea within 24 hours after eating; persistent or paroxysmal colic in the middle abdomen is more common, and vomit is mostly food for eating; often vomiting first and then diarrhea, diarrhea several times to dozens of times a day, mostly yellow loose stools, watery or mucus stools.

Pay attention to dietary hygiene, and wash your hands before and after meals. Do not eat undercooked and cooked food, underilized milk, unpeeled fruits, raw vegetables, and do not drink raw water. Choose fresh and safe food raw materials, and pay attention to the separation of raw and cooked food ingredients when processing. When eating out, pay attention to choosing a regular, hygienic hotel or restaurant.

Five. Carbon monoxide poisoning

Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless and non-irritating suffocating gas. In China, the season with high incidence of non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning is consistent with the coal-fired heating season in northern China. The high-incidence provinces are mainly distributed in the northeast, north China and eastern central regions of China.

The main places where non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning occurs are households, including living rooms that use heating equipment such as coal stoves and charcoal fires, toilets or shower rooms where gas and gas water heaters are placed, and kitchens that use gas and gas stoves. In addition, garages, basements, and air-conditioned cars using small oil and gas generators are also high-risk places.

The clinical symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning are mainly related to the concentration of carboxyhemoglobin in the body's blood. After mild and moderate poisoning, it quickly leaves the poisoned environment and is rescued in time, generally without sequelae. Patients with severe poisoning have a high case fatality rate, and survivors may have serious sequelae.

In the cold season, if conditions permit, try to choose central heating as much as possible. When using gas, gas stoves or small oil and steam generators in the home, good ventilation should be maintained, and it is best to install carbon monoxide detectors and check and maintain regularly. Once non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning occurs, the window should be opened for ventilation immediately, and the poisoned person should be quickly transferred to a place where the air is fresh and well ventilated. Call the 120 emergency number as soon as possible for hyperbaric oxygen chamber treatment as soon as possible, and for critically ill patients with respiratory and cardiac arrest, artificial respiration and cardiac compressions should be given immediately.

<h4>Further reading:</h4>

<h4>Zeng Guang: During the Spring Festival, you can rest assured that you can return to your hometown, but such people do not recommend long-distance Spring Festival</h4>

Since the beginning of winter, there has been a local rebound of the epidemic in many places. Can we safely return home for the Chinese New Year during this year's Spring Festival?

According to Guangzhou Daily, on the 13th, Professor Zeng Guang, a member of the high-level expert group of the National Health Commission and a former chief scientist of epidemiology at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said that even if the scale of crowd movement during the Spring Festival is large, everyone can rest assured that they can go home for the New Year during the Spring Festival. At the same time, he reminded that when returning to the hometown for the New Year, there should be less indoor gatherings and fewer door visits.

He said that for the elderly people over 65 years old and suffering from underlying chronic diseases, it is not recommended to work hard for long-distance Spring Festivals, and staying in the local Area for the New Year is also a good choice. Because once infected with the new crown virus, it is more difficult to treat and the risk of death is higher.

Wu Zunyou, chief expert of epidemiology at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, once said that China has summarized a set of prevention and control measures in the past 11 months, which can detect the epidemic in time and control the epidemic situation to a minimum in the first time. As long as there are no infected people in the crowd, there will be no major epidemics. Taking into account the experience of the past 11 months, we are confident of preventing a comeback and preventing a serious outbreak in early 2020. To achieve these, it is necessary to comprehensively apply scientific prevention and control measures, which can be summarized as follows: scientific prevention and control, precise policy, concentrated efforts, highlighting key points, timely discovery, and the first time to control the epidemic situation to a minimum extent.

Zhang Wenhong also said in an interview with the Beijing News that the epidemic prevention environment will not be worse than at the beginning of the year. "In fact, China has already undergone a stress test on National Day, but the risk of importation in winter is greater."

What is the winter epidemic? Experts predicted

At the press conference on the joint prevention and control of the State Council on the 3rd, Wu Liangyou, deputy director of the Disease Control Bureau of the National Health Commission, said that winter is a frequent and frequent season for respiratory infectious diseases, and experts believe that the current overseas epidemic situation is accelerating, the risk of importing into China is gradually increasing, and it is expected that the epidemic situation in China will still be sporadic in winter, and even local areas may have clustered epidemics. In addition, other respiratory infectious diseases are also about to enter the epidemic season, coupled with the increase in the mobility of people during the Spring Festival, and the increase in gathering activities will further increase the risk of epidemic transmission.

Regarding personal protection, Wu Liangyou said that we still recommend that the general public continue to adhere to the good hygiene habits of wearing masks, washing hands frequently, ventilating frequently, and one-meter line in winter, and pay attention to traffic, tourism and other information during the Spring Festival and other holidays, and pay attention to staggered peak travel. In particular, it is necessary to do a good job of personal protection throughout the process, try to avoid going to dense places where people are concentrated, and after suspicious symptoms, you must wear a mask and seek medical treatment nearby in time.

<h4>At the same time, in the process of taking long-distance transportation, citizens and friends are advised to pay attention to the following aspects:</h4>

1. Before traveling, first confirm whether you are healthy. If there is discomfort, it is recommended to suspend travel arrangements, there is fever, cough and other symptoms, you should go to the nearest fever clinic as soon as possible, wear a mask throughout the process, do not spit; if there is no above symptoms, you can travel normally, pay attention to reasonable arrangements, avoid overwork, resulting in reduced resistance;

2. During the journey, you should wear a mask throughout the journey, you can prepare 1-2 more masks, and replace them in time after the masks are deformed and polluted. Take the initiative to cooperate with the staff of various places to do a good job of body temperature detection, if you find yourself fever during a long-distance trip, you should take the initiative to measure the body temperature or immediately report to the nearest staff, must not hide, delay, so as not to cause immeasurable losses and social burdens; after getting on the train or in the cabin, try to minimize walking, if it is a short trip, try not to eat, so as not to remove the mask in the process.

3. Wash your hands at any time and pay strict attention to hand hygiene. Gloves can be worn, but no hand protection is a substitute for hand cleaning. It is recommended to bring your own portable hand disinfectant, disinfectant paper towels to clean your hands at any time, in the place where there is running water, try to use the seven-step hand washing method (inside and outside the bow and wrist) to wash your hands, the time is not less than 30 seconds / time; minimize the contact of public goods, and use public objects that are really to be used, such as small table boards, etc., which can be wiped with disposable disinfectant tissues before use.

4. Avoid crowds. Don't join in the fun, don't stay, get to your destination as soon as possible. Reduce the dwell time in public places, especially closed spaces with poor air flow. Maintain social distancing of 1-2 meters and pay attention to cough etiquette;

5. Pay attention to regular work and rest during the journey, prepare food, pay attention to reasonable diet, nutritional collocation, pay attention to food hygiene, do not buy unlicensed food from street vendors, avoid gastrointestinal discomfort, and prevent food poisoning. It is also important not to touch, buy and eat wild animals.

In addition, when taking short-distance transportation in the urban area, first of all, if the road is relatively short and the route is relatively empty, it is recommended to walk, ride to and from work, reduce the frequency of taking public transportation, and also achieve a moderate amount of exercise, eating, moving and balancing, maintaining a healthy weight, which is beneficial to the body. If you really want to ride, wear a mask throughout the whole process; do not crowd when waiting for the train at the platform, maintain a safe distance of more than 1 to 2 meters from the people in front of you when queuing, and choose a carriage with fewer people. Take a vehicle with windows, try to keep the windows open and ventilated; try to minimize the frequency of touching seats, armrests, doors and other public objects with your hands on the way, but do a good job of injury prevention, avoid falling and slipping, and clean your hands at any time after touching. Usually pay attention to avoid directly touching the mouth, nose and eyes with your hands, arrive at the office or return home, and wash your hands as soon as possible. Other protection recommendations are the same as those for long journeys mentioned earlier, in short, keeping a distance, reducing contact, and paying attention to hygiene.

<h4>(Original title: 2021 New Year's Day Spring Festival Health Tips).</h4>

<h4>Source: Northern Evening New Visual Synthesis China Disease Control Dynamics China Youth Network Upstream News Workers Daily</h4>

<h4>Process Edit: TF021</h4>