The modernization of agriculture with Chinese characteristics has continued to advance, and its achievements have attracted worldwide attention. After more than 60 years of continuous advancement, China's agricultural modernization process is now in the middle stage. According to the average speed of progress in recent years, by 2035, China can basically realize the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, but the process of each region and field is quite different. Speeding up the transformation from a big agricultural country to an agricultural power is the only way to realize agricultural modernization. The symbol of a modern agricultural power can be roughly summarized as "four strong and one high", that is, strong agricultural supply guarantee ability, strong agricultural competitiveness, strong agricultural scientific and technological innovation ability, strong agricultural sustainable development ability and high level of agricultural development. In the next 30 years, China is most likely to step into the ranks of modern agricultural powers around 2040. Facing medium- and long-term development, it is necessary to closely integrate the general laws of agricultural modernization with China's rural reform experience, focus on key areas such as food security, modern agricultural industrial system, green transformation of agriculture, and rejuvenation of agriculture through science and education, implement the echelon promotion strategy of sub-regions, stages, and key points, and strive to basically realize the modernization of agriculture and rural areas in about 15 years, and complete the transformation from a large agricultural country to an agricultural power in about 20 years.
At the same time, we can learn about how the world's other agricultural powers have developed, and more clearly define our future goals and the path of "agricultural power" that will be implemented.
Why are the world's agricultural powers developed? How to learn from each other's strengths?
Japanese Agriculture:
Japan is the only truly developed country in the Asian region, its comprehensive strength ranks first in Asia, and its country not only has a good economic development, but also Japanese agriculture is very worth learning. In many Japanese agriculture, the "sixth industry" is often brought out to study.
The model of its sixth industry is to connect agriculture, industry and its service industry to form a creative model for the secondary and tertiary industries to serve the primary industry. Running this model can make agriculture no longer as simple as planting and breeding, it combines processing, marketing and other supporting facilities to make its procedures more systematic, and integrating agriculture can increase revenues.
German Agriculture:
Germany is one of the most developed capitalist countries in Europe, and its development in the fields of science and technology, industry, precision instruments and other fields is at the forefront of the world, but its agriculture is also particularly developed. Some people say that Germany is an agricultural power, and its agricultural level is no less than that of the United States. Germany can become the world's agricultural power for nothing more than three things:
1. Agricultural machinery is similar
Agricultural machinery is particularly important in the agricultural production process, and the efficiency and quality of machinery to replace labor are excellent. Of course, the mention of machinery is naturally inseparable from Germany's own developed industrial design and creativity.
2. Agricultural management
The German Agricultural Cooperative is a relatively powerful organization within the country, and its functional facilities and welfare services are relatively complete. When German farmers join the agricultural cooperatives, they will not only provide technical training for them, but also provide information and materials for their farmers, and also provide assistance in the purchase and sale of agricultural products.
3. The annual income of farmers is high
In Germany, the income of farmers is relatively high, so many people can make money and are willing to make money in a variety of ways. In addition to the daily sale of agricultural products, there are also high government subsidies for agriculture. According to incomplete statistics on the Internet, the income of German farmers is more abundant than that of ordinary urban white-collar workers. The more people willing to engage in agriculture, the greater the development of agriculture.
According to the research report, the population of Germany is 83.12 million, but the number of farmers is only more than 1.6 million, relying on the large-scale cultivation of these more than 1.6 million farmers, the agricultural products grown not only feed the whole of Germany, but also export a large number to other countries, that is to say, 1 farmer in Germany feeds 150 people.
Germany, which has already achieved great success in agriculture, has also explored the road of transformation in recent years – agriculture will change from mechanical agriculture to "digital agriculture". Many people in the industry said: "Germany has achieved the target of 300 people is not a problem"
In the process of promoting "digital agriculture" in Germany, its requirements for its practitioners are very high, and usually its practitioners must carry out agricultural education and be certified to work, among which special positions also need to go abroad for further study.
French Agriculture:
France is the largest agricultural producer among the EU countries and the second largest exporter of agricultural products in the world. Its agricultural development and scientific and technological degree are among the best in the world. The success of French agriculture is inseparable from the model of agricultural cooperation.
At the present stage of agricultural development, agricultural cooperatives have been integrated into agriculture and food, including pre-production, production and post-production links. Not only that, but it also plays a decisive role in the development of agricultural production, the processing and circulation of agricultural products, the promotion of agricultural technology and agricultural machinery, and the socialization of rural services. The benefits of the French agricultural cooperative model are as follows:
1. Concentrate resources and reduce production costs
French agricultural cooperatives which are mainly composed of traditional means of production purchase, agricultural product sales, providing technology and information for members to expand to processing, storage, transportation, trade, finance and insurance and other broader areas, is a complete, smooth agricultural socialization service system, cooperatives in a certain aspect of the concentration of resources, on the other hand, all aspects of services and resources, can save costs in the production process.
2. Protect the interests of farmers
French agricultural cooperatives are connected to the production and sales of agricultural products, in the increasingly stimulated market competition, cooperatives as a whole, the right to speak is greater than the individual farmers, to a certain extent to enhance the farmers' market discourse power, to protect the economic interests of farmers.
U.S. Agriculture:
U.S. agriculture is a leading position in the world, highly mechanized, and the world's largest exporter of agricultural products. American agriculture is based on the model of modern large farms, which makes American agricultural production highly developed and competitive around the world. Modern farms in the United States have these characteristics:
1. Large-scale operation
U.S. farms, which were previously quantitatively dominant, have now shifted to the scale of operations. According to different characteristics, the mode of production and planting of agricultural products can not only make rational use of resources, but also save operating costs.
2. Division of production areas
At present, the United States is planning out ten "agricultural production areas", and the natural conditions and resources of different areas will tend to specify one or two varieties, which can better avoid the adverse effects of the single product structure of family farms, so as to achieve the diversified development of agricultural production.
3. Cooperative agricultural production
Commercialization promotes the division of labor in production, thereby promoting the specialization of services, and in the process agricultural service institutions came into being. Through cooperation, farmers give relevant agricultural service agencies the right to produce, process, transport, sell and other rights of agricultural products, play a role in passing on risks, lock in profits in advance, and can take the initiative to avoid the losses that may be caused by market fluctuations.
The degree of farm machinery in the United States is very high, there are many types of agricultural mechanization equipment, and the corresponding supporting facilities are relatively complete. In the process of agricultural production, it has basically realized the mechanized operation from farming, sowing, irrigation, fertilization, spraying to harvesting, threshing, processing, transportation, selection, drying, storage, etc.
Israeli Agriculture:
Israel's resources are very scarce, its land resources are very scarce, half of the land is desert, which shows that water resources are also particularly scarce. But do not underestimate the country of Israel, its agricultural development is very developed, its agricultural labor productivity is 3 times that of Japan and 12 times that of China. Not only that, the productivity of arable land is the highest in the world, reaching nearly 5 times that of the United States. How is this done?
1. The desert is greened into arable land, and the method of "drip irrigation" is developed to water crops. Not only improve the quality of crop products, but also greatly save water and production costs, this drip irrigation method can even allow crops to grow well in the soil that is not fertile.
2, the design of the barn, this kind of barn and the traditional warehouse is essentially different, the barn in addition to ensuring the freshness of the grain, but also to maintain the humidity inside the barn, and discharge the air in the barn, so that it is a great increase in the length of time that the grain can be kept fresh.
3, Israel's dairy cow management system is more famous in the world, many internationally renowned dairy companies have successively purchased this system in Israel.
"Agricultural power" will be transformed into "agricultural power"
In the face of competition from other agricultural powers, we need to further accelerate the promotion of agricultural modernization, which is a major strategic task related to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the construction of a socialist modern power. The Proposal of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Formulating the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-term Goals for the Year 2035 adopted by the Fifth Plenary Session of the Nineteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China regards the basic realization of agricultural modernization as one of the long-term goals for basically realizing socialist modernization by 2035. In this regard, systematically summarizing the achievements of China's agricultural modernization, scientifically grasping the current degree of realization of agricultural and rural modernization, starting from the characteristics of China's agricultural development and the experience of international agricultural development, proposing China's strategic choice of transforming from an agricultural power to an agricultural power and basically realizing agricultural modernization by 2035 has important theoretical value and decision-making significance.
Haiguo Agriculture, on the road of China's agricultural development, continues to explore, open up new markets, innovate new agricultural models, take science and technology as the productive force, combine the scientific research team and Dozens of patented technologies of Professor An Yuan, from grass seed cultivation to planting and production, the whole process of mechanization, modernization, informatization, and scientificization to promote agricultural development in all aspects. Add an arm to China's transformation from an "agricultural power" to an "agricultural power" and lead the development of China's modern agriculture in the new era!