It is necessary to make some military interpretations of these artifacts:
The half-moon shield held by the man on the chariot in Figure 1 is a very representative wicker light shield, which is mostly found in the Thracian and Dacian javelins in the Thracian mountains. Later absorbed by the Greeks, light shield infantry also appeared in Greece after the Peloponnesian War.
Fig. 2 is a typical helmet from the early Italian city-state era, which is very different from the Greek helmet, there is no nose protection, and the ear protection can be moved. Later Roman helmets developed from this, but compared with the standard Romanesque helmets of the later mid-to-late Roman Republic and early mid-Empire, this early style lacked a backward structure that protected the neck.
Figure 3 does not reflect the Carthaginian war elephant in the Hannibal War, but the Epirus war elephant in the earlier Pyrrhusian war. Pyrrhus (Greek: Πύρρος ; Latin: Pyrrhus; 319 BC or 318 BC – 272 BC) Although king of Epirus, the Greek region did not produce elephants. But these elephants were his father-in-law, the founding pharaoh of the Egyptian Ptolemaic dynasty, the general Ptolemy I of Alexander the Great (Greek: Πτολεμαίος ο Σωτηρ, 367 BC – 282 BC), a dowry given to him by the founder of the Egyptian Ptolemaic dynasty. This was the first time the Romans had seen an elephant, but it would not be the last. But this animal never caused much trouble to the Romans.
Figure 4 is also the early heavy infantry of the Italian city-state era, at first glance it looks very similar to the Greek heavy infantry, indeed this bowl-shaped shield should be learned Greece, but a closer look at his helmet can be seen that it should be similar to the helmet of Figure 2, that is, the ear protector and the upper part are separated.
Figure 5 is different from the shield of Figure 4, which is a typical Celtic shield, which was later absorbed by the Italian city-states and later modified by the Romans into a curved shield representative of Rome.
Figure 6 is the heavy infantry of the Italian city-state in the early and middle period, his armor is not very sure whether it is scale armor or lock armor, tending to be the latter, because in personal perception, before the Roman Empire seems to be rare scale armor, and secondly, the scale armor should not be like the underside of the statue to cover the top, which is easy for the enemy to slash from top to bottom, piercing through the gap, which is not scientific. So I think the statue is trying to express the lock armor, but it's rough and a little abstract. This chainmail shape still comes from Greek armor, and his sword comes from the Celts, which is a long sword, so sometimes without looking at the age of the excavation, I can be sure that it is the early mid-city-state era rather than the middle of the Roman Republic. Because probably from the Hannibal War, the Romans improved the swords of the Spaniards, basically short swords with large shields.
Figures 7 and 8 show the war between the Greek gods and the Galatians, but in fact show the victory of the Romans over the Celts. The Galatians were a branch of the Celts, but they were Celts who migrated to central Antolia (today's Turkish Peninsula) and established a state, were special among the Celtic groups, lived in the Hellenistic world, and were often hired as mercenaries by the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt. In the game, Egypt has the Galatian Guards, which are high-level soldiers. The depiction of the Celts here is also very realistic, some wearing lock armor, some naked, Celtic-Gauls have a lot of naked combat, and there are also naked warriors in the game. Their shields were also the long shields of the Celts, the originators of the Roman great shields.
Figure 9 is a Roman double-decker paddle schooner from the late Republic, which is a very typical image of a Roman legion, but it is depicted in a bit of abstract distortion. A comparison shows the evolutionary relationship between the Roman shield and the helmet and the Celtic shield in front and the early Italian helmet #
