In the production practice of breeding layer chickens, feed is commonly classified as protein raw materials and energy raw materials
Protein raw materials: soybean meal, cotton meal, rape meal, fish meal, meat bone meal, meat pine powder; energy raw materials: corn, vegetable oils, animal fats; and layer chickens commonly used and use a large proportion of raw materials for corn, soybean meal. Some farmers have raised chickens for many years, but they know very little about chicken feed, so here is a brief introduction to the method of differentiating feed.
Energy feed
Energy feed refers to feed with a crude fiber content of less than 18%, a crude protein content of less than 20%, and a digestion of more than 2500 kcal per kilogram of dry feed, such as corn, barley, wheat, sugar bran, etc., which is the main source of energy for layer chickens.
Protein feed
Protein feed refers to the feed in the dry feed with a crude protein content of more than 20%, crude fiber content of less than 18% of the feed, it includes plant protein feed (such as soybeans, soybean cake, soybean meal, peanut cake, etc.) and animal protein feed (such as fish meal, blood meal, yeast powder, meat and bone meal, etc.), for energy feed that supplements other shortage proteins, it can form a balanced diet to improve the conversion rate of feed. Its content generally accounts for 15%-35% of the full-price compound feed.
Concentrates:
Concentrated feed is concentrate. Also known as protein supplementary feed, it refers to the removal of feed components other than energy feed (such as corn and bran) from the full-price compound feed, which mainly includes protein feed, minerals and various trace licking additives. When used, as long as the concentrated feed is combined with the energy feed in a certain proportion, it can become a full-price compound feed and be directly used for the feeding of layer chickens. Common quantities generally account for 15%-50% of the total feed.
Premixed feed:
Premixed feed is premix, can also be called premix (additive premix, additive premix), refers to the removal of energy feed, protein feed (such as a variety of cake meal, fishmeal, etc.), the main macro minerals (such as calcium, phosphorus and salt, etc.) in the full-price material, by a variety of vitamins, trace elements and other trace additives and carriers or diluents, in accordance with certain technical means to add a material uniformly. The common volume accounts for about 0.5%-5% of full-price feed, but the proportion currently commonly used in production is 1%.
There are often some problems when configuring feeds, and these problems are the problems we need to pay attention to
1. The harm of excessive amount of vegetable cake in layer feed recipe
Rapeseed cake contains more than 35% crude protein, 27.8% digestible protein, 2.8 times higher than corn, is a high-quality protein feed raw material, but the harmful ingredients contained in glucoside can be hydrolyzed into toxic isothiocyanate, zalthioneone, nitrile, etc., if not directly fed to layer chickens without proper treatment, it is easy to cause poisoning. The toxicity of caizi cake is related to its variety, and the tolerance of different varieties of layer chickens to caizi cake is also different. The proportion of ordinary vegetable cakes in the feed of laying hens can cause poisoning.
2. The harm of excessive cotton cake in layer feed recipe
The protein content of cotton cake is more than 36%, and the content of essential amino acids is second only to soybean meal in plant feeds, and it is a cost-effective protein feed, but it contains the toxic ingredient gossypol. When fed untoxed cotton cake for a long time or in large quantities, excessive accumulation of gossoglin in the chicken body can cause poisoning.
3. The harm of excessive salt in the feed formula of layer chickens
Table salt is one of the indispensable ingredients in chicken diet, and the content is generally 0.3% to 0.4%. When chickens ingest too much table salt, poisoning reactions occur quickly, and chicks are the most sensitive. Generally, when the salt in the chick feed reaches 0.7% and the adult chicken feed reaches 1%, the chicken can cause obvious thirst and diarrhea; when the salt in the chick feed reaches 1%, the chickens will die in large numbers.