Duke Wen of Jin, surnamed Ji Zhong'er, the second son of Duke Xian of Jin, was born in the 23rd year of King Huan of Zhou (697 BC), took the throne in the 16th year of King Xiang of Zhou (636 BC), died in the 24th year of King Xiang of Zhou (628 BC), a famous politician of the Spring and Autumn Period, the monarch of the State of Jin, reigned for nine years, and became one of the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period with the assistance of Zhao Wan, Guilt, Fox Mao, Jia Tuo, Xianxun, Wei Wuzi, and Jie Zhitui.
In his later years, Duke Xiangong of Jin favored a concubine, Li Ji, and wanted to make Xi Qi, the younger son of Li Ji, the crown prince. In the twenty-first year of the Jin Dynasty (656 BC), the Jin prince Shensheng was framed and poisoned by Li Ji and forced to commit suicide, and once the prince died, the vicious Li Ji pointed the spearhead at Xiangong's other two sons, Zhong'er and Yiwu, and the two brothers fled to the fief in a hurry.
Li Ji also provoked the eunuch Bo Yan to hunt down and kill Heavy Ear, forcing Heavy Ear to be like a dog that lost its family and a fish that slipped through the net, and when she escaped over the wall, she was driven by Bo Yan and slashed down with a knife, almost losing her life, but fortunately only cut off half of her sleeve. Zhong'er escaped from the fiefdom with several of his relatives and defected to his mother's country (Heavy Ear's mother's homeland - Di Kingdom), which lasted for twelve years, married his wife Ji Kui, and gave birth to two sons.
Zhong'er's younger brother Yiwu fled to the State of Liang (liang), a vassal state of the State of Qin (located on the eastern border of the State of Qin, and was founded by the Emperor of the State of Qin).
In the twenty-sixth year of the Jin Dynasty (651 BC), the Duke of Jin died, Xun Xi became the minister of state, Li Ji made his son Xi Qi the monarch, and the Jin Emperor Li Ke killed Li Ji and Xi Qi, Xun Xi committed suicide, and civil unrest broke out in the Jin state. Yiwu listened to his men's plans, and while writing to Rick, he not only praised him for his great deeds, but also promised to make him minister of state and a fief of Fenyang for one hundred miles; On the one hand, he wrote to Qin Mugong asking for the help of troops, and promised to thank the five cities of Hexi in the Jin State after the matter was completed. As a result, Yiwu successfully became the monarch of the Jin state with the help of the Duke of Qin Mu and the Duke of Qin, known as the Duke of Jin Hui.
Huigong, who gradually sat firmly on the throne, did three great things: 1. Instead of fulfilling his promises and rewards to Rick and others, he used tactics to eliminate the party of the powerful minister Rick; 2. Publicly announce that the five cities of Hexi will no longer be ceded to the State of Qin, and send troops to attack the State of Qin when the State of Qin encounters disasters and famines; 3. Send someone to hunt down and kill his brother's heavy ear; The end result led to the Battle of Hanyuan between the Qin and Jin dynasties, in which the Jin state was defeated and the Jin Huigong was captured. Later, it was The Duke of Qin Mu and Huigong's sister Mu Ji who came to the rescue, and the Jin Huigong was able to escape the disaster and return to the Jin Kingdom. However, after that, Duke Hui of Jin learned to be obedient, took the initiative to hand over the land of Hexi to the State of Qin, and then took the prince as a hostage and made peace with the State of Qin, and Duke Mu of Qin did not care about the previous suspicions, married his daughter Huai Ying to the Prince of Jin, and made a family with the Duke of Jin Hui.
Heavy Ear was hunted down and killed by the killer sent by Huigong Yiwu and began to live in exile again. First, he fled to Weiguo. The Duke of Weiguo regarded him as a bad lucky prince and refused to receive him. They walked all the way to the area of Wulu (in present-day southeast of Puyang, Henan), where they were very hungry and saw a few croppers eating in the fields. They looked more hungry, and asked them to ask them for something to eat. The croppers didn't bother to pay attention to them, and one of them made a joke with them and picked up a piece of mud and gave it to them. Heavy Ear was very angry, and his men wanted to beat people with their hands. The entourage of foxes hurriedly stopped, took the mud, and comforted the heavy ear, saying: "The mud is the land, and the people have sent us land, which is a good sign!" ”
Heavy Ear also had to take advantage of this to go down the steps, and walked forward with a bitter smile.
A group of people from Heavy Ear came into exile and came to the State of Qi. Qi Huangong treated him very politely, gave Zhong'er a lot of carriages, horses and houses, and also married a girl of his own clan, Jiang Shi, to Zhong'er. Heavy Ear temporarily lived a comfortable life in the Country of Qi,
Zhong'er stayed in the State of Qi for five years, and one day, the retinue of Zhao Wan, the criminal, was discussing how to leave the State of Qi under a mulberry tree, and a female slave heard their conversation on the mulberry tree, and secretly told Zhong'er's wife, Jiang Shi, after returning to the palace.
The wise Lady Jiang, instead of obstructing, supported Zhong'er's return to the Jin Dynasty to achieve hegemony!
Therefore, Zhong'er and his retinue left the State of Qi and went to the Kingdoms of Cao, Song, Zheng, and Chu, and Song Xiang entertained them and gave him twenty carriages. Zheng Wengong refused to receive him. King Cheng of Chu was very enthusiastic about Zhong'er, treating him as a guest of honor and entertaining him with the etiquette of entertaining princes. Finally, the heavy ear reached the Qin Kingdom.
In the winter of the thirteenth year of the reign of Duke Hui of Jin (638 BC), Duke Yiwu of Jin became ill and became more and more serious, and the crown prince of the State of Jin, who was a hostage in the State of Qin, was worried that if Duke Hui of Jin died suddenly, he would be far away from home, and he was afraid that he would not be able to return to the State of Jin to succeed to the throne, so he did not quit, abandoned his wife Huai Ying, escaped the surveillance of his father-in-law Qin Mugong, and secretly fled back to the State of Jin. Qin Mugong abandoned the covenant with the father and son of The Duke hui of Jin, and then gave Huai Yingxu to Zhong'er, fully supporting Chong'er's restoration.
In the autumn of the fourteenth year of the reign of Duke Hui of Jin (637 BC), Duke Hui of Jin died in the capital of Dai, and crown prince Huan successfully succeeded to the throne, that is, duke Huai of Jin.
After Duke Huai succeeded to the throne, he was worried that Zhong'er would return to China to seize the throne, so he ordered that all families in the country who had sons and daughters who followed Chong'er into exile should notify them to return to China within the time limit, and those who did not return to China after the deadline would be punished or even exterminated.
At that time, the grandfather of the heavy ear, Fox Tu, was still alive, and his sons Fox Mao and Fox Yan followed Heavy Ear into exile in the Qin Kingdom, so Duke Huai ordered that Fox Tu immediately summon fox hair and fox Yan. Fox Tu said to Duke Huai, "My sons have been serving the Heavy Ear for a long time, and now if I call them back, I will teach them to betray the Lord." The Father teaches the Son to be loyal and deserved, and the Father teaches the Son to rebel, so why will they do things in the future? When Huai Gong heard this, he was furious and killed Fox Tu.
The eldest daughter of Fox Tu, Ji Ji, and the second daughter, Xiao Rongzi, were both married to The Duke of Jin. Ji Ji gave birth to heavy ears and Xiao Rong Zi (xiao Rong Zi to Yi Wu (i.e., Jin Huigong), so Fox Tu was also Huigong's maternal grandfather, and even more so, Huaigong's great-grandfather. Duke Huai, in disregard of his courtesy and family affection, blatantly killed his great-grandfather, and since then he has lost the hearts of the people, and the Doctor of the Jin Dynasty and the majority of the country no longer respect and obey him.
After Zhong'er learned of his grandfather's murder in the State of Qin, he was indignant, and the Fox Yan and Fox Hair Brothers were even more heartbroken, and in anger, they immediately prepared to use the power of the State of Qin to return to China as soon as possible, eliminate the Duke Huai of Jin, who had lost all his people, and stabilize the Jin State Society.
In the first month of the year of jin huai (636 BC), under the protection of three thousand Qin troops, the Prince of Jin, who had been in exile for nineteen years, crossed the Yellow River and returned to the Jin state. Along the way, the people's hearts and minds were desired, the generals turned against each other, and the rebellious Jinhuai Gongcang fled in panic and fled from The Capital to Sorghum (Linfen Yaodu District, Shanxi) to hide. He was later killed by Wen Gong's men.
On February 16, 636 BC, The Great Ear arrived at Quwo, the former capital of the Jin Dynasty, and the Jin doctors rushed from the capital to see him after learning that the Heavy Ear was in Quwo. Zhong'er visited the ancestral temple of his grandfather Duke Wu of Jin (Qu Wo Wu Gong) in Qu Wo, and officially ascended the throne at the Wu Gong Temple, becoming the twenty-second Marquis of Jin, the Duke Wen of Jin. When Wen Gong ascended the throne, he was already sixty-two years old.
In the second year of Duke Wen of Jin (635 BC), King Xiang of Zhou's younger brother Shu led a rebellion, and King Xiang of Zhou fled to the State of Zheng and urgently requested assistance from Duke Wen of Jin. At that time, the Jin state had just been settled, and there were two voices in the rescue and non-salvation of the dynasty, and the Duke Wen of Jin immediately made a decision, poured all his strength into the Jin state, defeated the uncle belt, and escorted the king of Zhou Xiang back to the capital. In order to thank Duke Wen of Jin for his favor, the King of Zhou rewarded the Jin state with Hanoi and Yangfan.
In the fourth year of the Jin Dynasty (633 BC), the capital of the Song state, Shangqiu, was surrounded by Chu troops, and Sun Ziyu of the Song Dynasty asked for help from the Jin state.
In the fifth year of the reign of Duke Wen of Jin (632 BC), Duke Wen of Jin led troops to rescue the Song, and in order to repay the favor of the State of Chu when he was in exile, he ordered the army to retreat to Sanshe (九十里) and defeated the Chu army at Chengpu (present-day southern Pu County, Shandong). Duke Wen of Jin triumphed over Jiantu (present-day northeastern Xingyang, Henan), gathered all the guests, invited Zhou Tianzi to participate, presided over the alliance of Jiantu, and became the second overlord of the Spring and Autumn Five.
In the winter of the ninth year of the reign of Duke Wen of Jin (628 BC), Duke Wen of Jin died and his son Duke Xiang of Jin ascended the throne.
During his reign of The Duke Wen of Jin for nine years, he implemented such policies as "leniency in trade and agriculture," "mingxianliang," and "rewarding merits," appointed Zhao Wan, blamed criminals, and others to develop agriculture and handicrafts, greatly increased military strength and national strength, and a situation of "political and civilian welfare" and lack of financial resources appeared.
At the height of the Jin Dynasty, the territory encompassed all of present-day Shanxi Province, the eastern and northern parts of Shaanxi Province, the central and southern parts of Hebei Province, the western and northern parts of Henan Province, the north-west and inner Mongolia parts.