In the blink of an eye, summer is coming, the greenery is everywhere, the wind is warm and the day is long, and everything is showing a thriving scene.
Lixia is the seventh of the twenty-four solar terms, the first of the summer, and this year's holiday is on May 5 of the Gregorian calendar.
The ancients had a unique observation and cognition of the seasonal characteristics of Lixia. In the sky, when the summer is established, "the bucket refers to the southeast, and the dimension is the summer", that is, in the middle of the night, the big dipper star handle points to the southeast; in phenology, after the summer, "everything has grown up here".
Lixia marks the stage when all things enter a stage of thriving.
Lixia has "three waits".
Wait for the grasshoppers to chirp. Song Ren Chen Pushiyun:
Yesterday, the grasshoppers were built toward the moss, and the broken dawn pines were scattered.
- Song Chen Pu, "Xi Qing"
Slugs began to roam the roadsides and fields, and yellow warblers chirped in the early morning branches. The ancient poem also has the sentences "frogs make the orchestra" and "the sound of the frogs is in the water", indicating that the frogs in the pond at this time begin to chirp, like singers playing piano and song.
Second earthworm out. Tang Dynasty poet Lu Tongshi said:
Summer nights are raining, and earthworms are groaning.
Nian Er has no bones and bones, and should also be the heart of heaven and earth.
- "Smell the Earthworms on a Summer Night"
Although earthworms have no muscles and bones, they can sense the change of solar terms, dig out of the gentle rain of summer, and rush to the summer covenant.
The Third Waiting King Gua Sheng. King melon is a perennial herbaceous vine similar to The Chestnut Tower and has medicinal properties. Etiquette. The Moon Order reads: "Mengxia Moon King Gua Sheng, Bitter Vegetable Show." "After the summer, the king melon vines bloom, and the bitter vegetable seedlings are fattened, and it is appropriate to use them as medicinal food."
At the turn of spring and summer, "the season is bustling, and there are thousands of homes in the shade." (Tang Liu Yuxi's "Early Summer Song") The prosperity of spring has gradually come to an end, and everywhere there is a fresh scene of thick and light, full of greenery. The most pitiable thing is the new lotus in the pond:
The little lotus only showed its sharp horns, and there were dragonflies standing on its head.
The scenery in the poems of the Southern Song Dynasty poet Yang Wanli is intoxicating, a few small lotuses bloom on the water, half rolls and half comfort, a dragonfly flies, two dragonflies fly, red dragonflies and green dragonflies fall on the small lotus, falling in the soft light and shadow of the light summer.
A rose in the farm yard had already spread over the low wall, and it was in full bloom, and thousands of flowers were pressed low. The Tang Dynasty Gao Biao said:
The crystal curtains are blowing in the breeze, and the shelves are full of roses and a courtyard of incense.
- "Summer in the Mountain Pavilion"
Like a hanging crystal curtain curtain, the breeze in the simple courtyard is overflowing with fragrance.
There are also two clusters of peony medicine under the root of the wall, which produces the branches and leaves of the leaf. As the saying goes: "Gu Yu three dynasties look at peonies, Li Xia three dynasties look at peonies." "After the summer, the peony was in full bloom, and that kind of red reflected the Mayday sky very brightly." Northern Song Dynasty Shao Yong Shiyun:
Thank you for the flower worker's pity and loneliness, and still leave the spring breeze of the Peony Medicine Hall.
- "Four Songs of Peony Medicine." Part 1》
Peony is the farewell flower of spring in the group, showing people the last sparkle of spring, so it is also called "temple spring".
After the summer, new fruits and vegetables will be listed one after another, and the countryside has the custom of "trying new in summer". Jiang Jieyun, who was known as the "Cherry Jinshi" at the end of the Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty:
Streamers are easy to throw people away, red cherries, green plantains.
——" A Cut of Mei Boat Across the Wu River"
Spring light did not abandon anyone, leaving us with a bunch of green plantains, a tree of red cherries, beautiful eyes and teeth more beautiful. What does a freshly picked cherry taste like? The Northern Song Dynasty said:
The plate is like a pearl slippery, and the tongue is full of snow.
The beauty of the yang is still wet, and the whispering birds are particularly delicate.
- "Cherry Blossom Shoots Two Songs: Part 1"
The graceful shape of the cherry pearl, such as the state of a beautiful person like a bird, and the smell of snow and cool, such a vivid portrayal, how not to make people salivate!
At this time, the plums in the plum garden are green and round, glowing with Lingling blue light, and the bottom of the tongue is full of water. The Northern Song Dynasty poet Yan Shu loved Qingmei boiled wine the most, saying:
The ome is new when cooking wine buckets, and the weather is full of spring.
—— "Appeal to Heartfelt Feelings: Ome Cooking Wine Bucket Time New"
Qingmei and yellow wine and old wine are a perfect match, the two complement each other, and the slow sip is more flavorful, no wonder The Weiwu Emperor Cao Cao "Qingmei Boiled Wine Hero". However, the Southern Song Dynasty Li Qingzhao's "but smell the green plum" has a special charm. The green and clear of green plums can be drunk eyes, can clear the turbidity, and can lift the spirit.
There are also many seasonal new fruits in the hometown of Lixia, such as the peas in the field, the broad beans in the garden, and the basket in the summer season, cooked and eaten, fried and eaten, so fresh, fragrant, full of light summer taste.
Wang Zengqi, an old writer and gourmet, listed more than a dozen ways to eat broad beans in his article "Broad Beans", all of which are shocking. I love the green broad beans fried to eat, pick a grain of mouth, crunchy, the old man at home touched a pot of old wine, tasted half a day of leisure, the cool summer breeze out of a few flavors.
In addition to trying new summer in the countryside, there is also the custom of changing summer clothes and placing cooling utensils. Although the north has arrived in The summer, the weather is still a little cool, but in the Jiangnan area is already "four o'clock weather to promote each other, a night of lavender wind to bring summer", gradually heated up, it is time to prepare to change single clothes, prepare for cool mats. The great poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, Lu You, returned to his hometown of Shanyin in his later years, and wrote poems in the summer:
The willows are first dense, and the curtains are still faint.
Day oblique soup mu, skilled to try on single clothes.
- "Li Xia"
The Kan Xiao Shan family was too early to calculate, and had already chen bamboo with a rattan bed.
——" "April Dan is more than ten days old when the summer is made"
The locust trees outside the courtyard gradually grew greener, the weather was a little hot, and the poet took a bath at dusk to cool off and changed into new summer clothes. Not only that, he also cleared out the bamboo and rattan beds in the warehouse and prepared for the summer.
After the summer, the temperature rises and the rain is abundant, which is conducive to the sowing and growth of crops, and the agricultural affairs become more and more busy.
Nong Proverb Yun: "The valley rain buds, and the summer teeth are broken." "Wheat grows darkly from the valley rain, and in the summer season, either the ears are spit out, or the flowers are filled, the wheat ripeness enters the countdown, and the wheat field management cannot relax for a moment." At the same time, summer cultivation and summer sowing have also entered a period of tension.
The agricultural proverb returned the clouds: "Plant more summer seedlings, and the grain will be full of warehouses." Fan Chengda, a pastoral poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, said in "The Village Is the Matter":
The green is all over the mountains and the white rivers, and the rain is like smoke in the sound of the sub-rules.
In the countryside, there were few idle people in April, so they planted silkworm mulberries and planted fields.
Before and after the establishment of summer, it is the time of early rice planting in the Jiangnan area, when the farmers grab the farmers, they soak the fields and plant seedlings, and the hard sweat condenses the hope for a good harvest. In addition, harvesting and sowing are interlocked, and the stubble is carried out, and the rapeseed is harvested, the summer tea is picked, the cocoon is reeled, and the beans are sown with melons and beans.
"Spring fights for the day, summer fights for the time." "The summer is not hot, and the grain is not knotted." "Standing summer rain, grain rice like rain." From these simple and wise agricultural proverbs, it is not difficult to see that the Lixia festival is important to agricultural production and to the whole year.
Cangmiao knows etiquette, and enough food and clothing knows honor and disgrace.
——Han Sima Qian, "History. Guan Yan Lie's Biography
A rich homeland will always be the direction we watch.
-Author-
Liu Qirui, male, a native of Tancheng, Shandong, a veteran literature lover, published the essay collection "The Song of that year", "Nostalgia is a Curved Blue Moon" and the short story collection "Hedong Hexi".