□ Zheng Xuefu
The spring equinox is coming, the swallows are returning, the flowers are blooming, and the people are diligent in spring. Ouyang Xiu described the scene of the spring equinox in his words: "Rainy scenery, spring equinox weather." A thousand flowers and a hundred flowers compete for the bright. Painting Liang Xinyan a pair of pairs, jade cage parrot sad sleep. ”
Who's home new swallow pecking spring mud
The vernal equinox is in the three months of spring, and the spring is divided equally, and the day and night are equally divided, and the cold and summer are balanced. There are three seasons for the spring equinox: "One waits for the birds to arrive; the second is for thunder to sound; and the third is for electricity." Birds are swallows, and in the spring when the flowers are in full bloom, the swallows that winter in the south fly back to the north, bringing liveliness and poetry to spring. Bai Juyi's "Spring Trip to Qiantang Lake" has such a verse: "Several early warblers compete to warm the trees, and whose new swallows peck at the spring mud." The poet uses swallows to build nests in mud to describe the vitality of spring.
Liu Yuxi Shiyun: "In the old days, Wang Xie Tang Qianyan flew into the homes of ordinary people." Lunan folk also have a saying that "swallows do not enter the homes of evil people". The swallow is a beneficial bird that "chooses a good tree to perch", the ancients called it "purple swallow", and whose house the swallow nests in indicates that the purple qi will descend on the owner. The Book of Poetry also says, "The Bird of Destiny descends to give birth to a merchant." "It is said that Emperor Zhao's second concubine, Jian Di, swallowed the eggs of the bird when she went out to bathe with others, and gave birth to a contract when she became pregnant, so the swallows built nests and multiplied, indicating that the master's family had many children and many blessings. In addition, swallow and feast, Yan homophony, there is a sense of comfort, swallow tweet to report peace, if the master's family quarrels endlessly, making a chicken fly dog jump, swallows will not live here. Swallows can nest under the eaves, indicating that the Lord's family is harmonious and harmonious.
The verse "Thinking of the Double Flying Swallow, the Nest of the Mud" says that the heart is thinking of becoming a double flying swallow with the beautiful person, and the mud nest will live together forever. The swallows are male and female, in and out of pairs, and the swallow whispers are regarded as a symbol of love and loyalty. People often use swallow chants to lament the sorrow of bondage and the pain of parting love. Xue Daoheng's "Former Salt" cloud: "The dark one hangs the cobweb, and the empty beam falls into the swallow mud." The previous year passed the northern era, and this year it is going to western Liaoning. "It expresses the woman's longing for her husband on the expedition. Kwon Deok-woo describes the woman seeing the swallows flying in the blossom season, chanting affection, and missing her husband who has not returned after the deadline: "When the jun went to the flower, the flower time did not arrive. The two swallows flew in front of the eaves, and the concubines fell into tears. Yan Jidao "Linjiang Immortal" has a verse of "falling flowers are independent, micro swifts fly twice", the spring scenery, the past is like a dream, the flowers blossom and fall, the swallows fly in the rain, the poet places his love on the swallows, expressing the desire to fly with the lovers.
It can be known that there is green waist fat earlier
Song Dynasty poet Xu Xuan's "Awakening" poem said: "The spring equinox rain feet fall softly, and the willow bank oblique wind brings guests home." The season is late in the north, and it can be known that there is green waist fat earlier. "In the land of Qilu, after the spring equinox, it is also peach red willow green and swallow warblers. There are also three corresponding flower trade winds and three seasons: "one waits for begonias, two for pear blossoms, and three for magnolias."
The spring equinox is the season when a hundred flowers bloom and the wind sends flowers, and the three flowers mentioned here are only representative. Begonia flowers are elegant, flowers bloom like brocade, since ancient times is a famous flower appreciated by elegant customs, there are "flowers in the gods", "flower noble concubines" and "flower noble". In the Tang Dynasty, there was an allusion to "Spring Sleep of Begonias", and Su Dongpo wrote a poem of "Begonias" accordingly: "The east wind is full of sogo, and the incense mist is empty of the moon and the corridor." I was afraid of going to sleep late at night, so I burned a high candle to illuminate the red makeup. Lu You also described the image of the bright begonia flowers competing with the asahi: "The scarlet parrot is extremely clever, and the calyx is heavy and dazzling." The pear blossoms are white in color, like snowflakes, and when they bloom, they are fragrant. Cen Ginseng has the chant of "Suddenly like a spring breeze in the night, a thousand trees and pear blossoms"; Su Shi has the sigh of "pear blossoms are pale white willows are deep blue, and flowers are full of flowers when the willows fly". Magnolia flowers, also known as "Xinyi", stand proudly on the branches when in full bloom, plump and fat, pleasing to the eye, elegant and fresh. Bai Juyi has a poem describing the spring scene of magnolia blossoms: "The mountains spit out the clear water and the water shines, and the Xinyi flowers are white and the willows are yellow." Wang Anshi regarded the Wutang Gargo Gang in full bloom of Mulan as a place of longing: "Where is the spring breeze?" Xin Yi is like a snow garnet Gangxi. ”
Liu Changqing's poem "Spring Equinox" describes the characteristics of the spring equinox and the customs that are spread among the people, the poem says: "The sun, the moon, the yang and the yin are both heavenly, and the birds do not give up the peach blossoms and cold." Today's chickens have always been erected, and Kawakami Yoshihito has put paper kites. "In the season when the wind is beautiful and the birds are singing, people go out to walk green, send spring cattle, dig up cabbage, drink with hairpin flowers, and set up eggs.
In these outdoor activities, kite flying is a pleasure for both women and children. Weifang already had a considerable scale of kite markets during the Qianlong and Jiaqing years of the Qing Dynasty. Zheng Banqiao, who had been the county commander of Weixian County, wrote "Huaiwei County" as a gift after seeing his old friend in Weixian in his later years, and described the scene of Weixian people flying kites: "Paper flowers are like snow flying in the sky, and delicate women swing around." The five-colored luo skirt swings in the wind to bring the butterflies back to spring. ”
The land is full of spring ploughing
Su Rui's poem "Spring Cultivator" depicts a busy scene of farmers in the spring ploughing: "The yang qi is first known from the soil vein, and the old farmers get up at night to feed the cattle hungry." The rain is one foot deep and the spring ploughing is sharp, and the sunrise is three poles and the dawn is late. Lu You also has a verse that "the rainy foot suburb is sunny, and the land is full of spring ploughing". After the spring equinox, most of Shandong has a mild climate, increased rainfall, and increased sunshine, which is the busy season of spring ploughing and spring planting of spring pipes, so there is a proverb that "the spring equinox is chaotic, and there is no idle person in the countryside".
Shandong is a wheat production base, and the spring equinox is a critical period for strengthening the field management of winter wheat. There is a farmer proverb that says: "When the wheat rises in the spring equinox, a moment is worth a thousand gold" and "the wheat is busy day and night after the spring equinox." The wheat that had been sleeping for a winter woke up, grew green, day and night, and the momentum was strong, one by one day. There is also a proverb that says, "When the wheat of the spring equinox rises, the fat water should follow closely." Wheat growth is inseparable from fertilizer water. People come early in the spring, and the farmers have begun to transport the farm manure they have accumulated for the winter to the wheat fields. Wintering wheat into the growth stage, the need to strengthen the spring field management, watering through the water, applying enough joint fertilizer, cultivating to protect the soil, this is the agricultural proverb said "topdressing watering and loose, three moves supporting wheat seedlings strong". Due to the rapid rise in temperature, the water demand for wheat growth is relatively large, and the agricultural proverb says that "the spring equinox rain is a good year", but often "spring rain is as expensive as oil", and sometimes there will be spring drought. "The spring equinox without rain and ploughing the field" means to do a good job in middle ploughing, strengthen water storage and moisture retention, and if necessary, do a good job of spring irrigation in time to ensure the healthy growth of wheat.
The vernal equinox is a good time to sow seeds. The farmer proverb says, "A spring rain is a warm one, and after the spring rains, we are busy ploughing the fields." After the spring equinox, the temperature rises rapidly, which is a good time for spring sowing and spring planting. There are many proverbs about spring planting, such as: "Before and after the spring equinox, plant melons and beans", "The spring equinox has a lot of rain, which is conducive to spring sowing", "good cloth field before the spring equinox, good planting beans after the spring equinox", "The spring equinox has a rain family busy, first plant melon beans and then plant seedlings". Spring planting should be carried out on sunny days, and strive to have 3-5 sunny days after sowing to ensure that all seedlings are sown. The agricultural proverb "cold tail warm head, no worries when the seedlings are down" is this truth.
The vernal equinox is suitable for afforestation. The Qing Dynasty poet Song Huan said in the poem "Spring Day TianJia": "The Yellow Finches in noda are their own flocks, and the mountains have spoken of old stories." In the middle of the night, the cattle called for women, and the Ming Dynasty planted trees to be the spring equinox. Proverb cloud: "February sting and spring equinox, plant trees to fertilize the land deep" "Spring equinox day, plant trees" "Spring equinox solstice, pick up the trees; gardeners, no time to rest". All this shows that the spring equinox is particularly suitable for afforestation. The proverb says, "When the season comes to the spring equinox, plant the trees with a tight grip." The spring equinox is not properly planted, and it is difficult to survive again." In terms of temperature and moisture, planting trees at the spring equinox is the easiest to survive, and it is difficult to survive after the spring equinox.
The spring equinox should prevent "spring cold". The proverb says: "Spring equinox snow falls and spring sows cold" "Before and after the spring equinox, I am afraid of spring frost, and I see spring frost wheat seedlings hurt". After the spring equinox, there is often a strong intrusion of cold air, the temperature is significantly reduced, forming a continuous number of days of low temperature and rain, the emergence of "spring cold", which is often said to be "warm before spring, cold after spring", and accompanied by snowfall.
Su Shi once described this scene in "Snow After the Spring Equinox": "Snow into the spring equinox province is rare, and half-open peach li is invincible." Should be ashamed to land on the plum blossoms, but do the sky willow flying. Regardless of the Dongjun special festival, it will be a new clever yin machine. From now on, the creation is particularly unpredictable, and it is warmer to leave the royal robe. "Snow at the spring equinox is extremely harmful to wheat that is returning to green, affecting the pregnant ears of wheat, causing large-scale infertility or reducing seed quality." The agricultural proverb "winter snow treasure, spring snow grass" is this truth. The cold spring will also affect the flowering pollination and silique development of rape flowers, reduce yields, and cause dead seedlings and rotten seedlings and rotten seedlings to crops such as early rice, sown cotton, and peanuts. Therefore, it is very important to strengthen the defense against frost damage during the spring equinox. Common methods include the selection of good cold-resistant seeds, the sowing depth of wheat is reasonable, the application of potassium fertilizer, irrigation or spraying is the same.
Li Shenshiyun: "Plant one grain of millet in the spring, and harvest ten thousand seeds in the autumn." People sow not only the spring of thousands of purples and thousands of reds, the song and swallow dance, but also the golden autumn of fruitful fruits and fragrant grains.