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Program video
Fushi culture is just in time
In daily life, we can often see pairs of lions of various shapes at the entrance of the mansion, ancestral hall, palace temple, or on the wall and roof ridge, they are thick and solemn, guarding one side. As we all know, lions are actually imported products, and Chinese lion culture is also a manifestation of the fusion of foreign culture and Chinese culture. In southern Fujian, the lion has always been a symbol of righteousness and courage, and at the same time, it has also developed a lion culture of courage and wisdom, anti-evil, auspicious and lovely.
The stone lion has always given us a sense of security with a firm, straight figure, its image was born from the Sui and Tang Dynasties, through the evolution of the Song Dynasty, until the Ming and Qing Dynasties gradually fixed, becoming our common "squat" image. The image of the stone lion in southern Fujian is varied, each with its own advantages, and the stone lion we want to introduce to you today is known as the "bachelor among the lions" - the wind lion!
The wind lion in the streets and alleys of Jinjiang
Compared with the stone lions in pairs, the wind lion master is relatively rare. Xiaobian also did this program, only to find that the "stone" at the corner of the original house that could not see the appearance was the wind lion! Different from the double pair of stone lions, the wind lion is a "bachelor", generally in the image of a single standing, its shape is not as elaborate as the stone lion, the lines are relatively rough, the image is thick and simple.
Located in Wudian City, this wind lion is deeply loved by many people, and there are well-meaning people who wear a "cape" for it.
The Wind Lion Is the product of the combination of the spirit of the lion and the Taoist zhenfeng zhenzhen customs, and then combined with the local belief culture of southern Fujian. Minnan people believe that typhoons, hurricanes, tornadoes, etc. are all "wind brakes", and the mighty wind lions carved out can be used to calm the wind and stop the brakes. Therefore, when carving the wind lion, we will attach the imagination of the Chinese gods to the lion,And the artistic image of the wind lion is also more diverse.
In the coastal town of Deep Shanghai, many wind lions can still be found. Xiaobian found Mr. Zhou Yiyang, a folklore expert, to lead the way, and he told us that the wind lions in Shenzhen were mainly hidden in Bishan and Dong'an.
This wind lion near the Dong'an Palace has a long history, at least hundreds of years. Because it has been blown by the sea breeze all year round, the stone has been somewhat weathered, but I can still faintly see the thick and cute expression of the wind lion. Now, this wind lion has been surrounded by many newly built houses, but in the past, it was opposite the sea, so the people of Shenhu built a wind lion here, which was used for the northeast wind and the northwest wind.
(Located next to a house in Dongshi Caitang Lane)
There are probably two places to place the Wind Lion. Located on the side of the road, the Wind Lion Ye next to the Dong'an Palace is also known as the "Village Wind Lion Ye", which belongs to the common "protection god" of the villagers. There is also a kind of wind lion that stands next to the people's house, which belongs to the private setting of the people, which is the property of individuals.
This statue of the Wind Lion is located on Bishan Avenue. Because the roads are narrow, they are embedded in the walls. It is at the intersection of roads, and some people believe that it has the effect of blocking and repelling evil spirits, similar to the function of Shi Dangdang.
On the way to find the deep Shanghai wind lion, we were originally going to find a wind lion placed next to the house, which is also a historical wind lion. But after arriving, the owner of the house told us that when they renovated the house, this wind lion was actually stolen by someone, which is a pity! Mr. Zhou, who has been documenting the situation of the Deep Shanghai Wind Lion, said that there are not many traditional Wind Lions that have survived, and most of them are hidden in remote alleys. As a relic of traditional culture, we also hope that they can be better protected.
In the lingpan village of Cizao Town, there is only one remaining wind lion, which is located on the roof of a two-entry ancient house, standing in the middle of the roof ridge, staring ahead. Not only is it the only one on the edge of the ridge, but it may also be a rare roof wind lion in the whole Jinjiang.
In the "Tuluban Sutra", it is recorded that one of the folk evil avoidance objects, "General Wa". "Whoever places a tile general, because there may be an animal head, a roof ridge, a wall head, or a archway ridge on the opposite side, such as those who see the tile general in the next house should use the tile general." This has a similar function to the wind lion on the roof, so some scholars have classified General Wa as a kind of wind lion. The roof wind lion is believed to be born from the mythical and legendary Huang Feihu, Shen Gongbao and other figures, generally using the shape of a samurai sitting on a lion, and also holding the image of a bow and arrow, which is given the "divine power" of deterring the wind and ghosts.
Witness the wind lion of the same origin of Fujian and Taiwan
In Yanfu Temple in Nan'an, there is a wind lion with a height of 1.23 meters, which is rare among the wind lions in Quanzhou. This wind lion looks thick and cute, and its hair is in the shape of a cloud, which has the meaning of a mascot.
This statue of the Wind Lion was excavated in 2003 while rebuilding the drainage pipes of the Nine-Day Mountain Scenic Area. At that time, Hu Jiaqi was still the director of the Cultural Relics Management Institute of the Jiurishan Scenic Area. When he arrived at the construction site, he saw that the workers were preparing to throw away the wind lion and other stones as waste, so he hurriedly told them to stop.
△ The shooting scene of "Majestic And Cool Wind Lion"
This statue of the Wind Lion was found on the address of Yanfu Temple. Yanfu Temple is the earliest temple in Quanzhou, founded in the ninth year of the Western Jin Dynasty (288 AD), developed to the fifth tang dynasty, the scale is very large, with 54 courtyards. Originally built behind Mount Nine Days, Yanfu Temple was moved to its current location in 768 AD. Hu Jiaqi judged based on the texture of the wind lion and the history of Yanfu Temple, this wind lion should have been carved when moving to Yanfu Temple, and the age should be between the Tang Dynasty and the Northern Song Dynasty. Among the wind lions found in the Quanzhou area, the history is the oldest.
Most of the residents of Kinmen Island have relocated from Quanzhou and other areas. They brought the wind prayer culture and the wind lion belief of Jiuri Mountain to the Golden Gate, and gradually formed the local wind lion worship and prayer custom. The worship of the wind lion in Kinmen began to flourish from the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, so the discovery of this wind lion can prove the origin of the belief and customs of the wind lion in Fujian.
The southern part of Fujian has a long wind season and high wind speed, and the coastal areas are plagued by wind disasters all year round. In order to resist the wind and sand, in Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou and other places, including Kinmen Island, which is separated by a river, there are many upright statues of the wind lion. It is recorded in the "Chronicle of Kinmen County": "The wind lion is the god of the town to control the wind." It can be seen that the wind lion has long become a folk "protective god". In Kinmen, the form of the wind lion is more diverse, and has even become a characteristic local landscape.
△ Golden Gate Wind Lion
Folklorist Zhou Xing's research shows that the production form of wind lions in Fujian and Taiwan is the same, and some wind lions in Kinmen, Penghu, Tainan and other places are even directly produced by Jinjiang magnetic stove kilns. The belief culture of the Wind Lion ye witnesses the inextricable connection between the folk beliefs and cultures on both sides of the Straits, and also witnesses the diversity and inclusiveness of the folk culture of southern Fujian.
Cultural and creative wind lion master
Now, many people who love the wind lion have moved this stone lion, which was originally only seen outdoors, indoors and moved to our table. In Lingpan Village, Cizao Town, the craftsmanship of making roof wind lions is still passed down today.
Making wind lions is an ancestral craft of Wu Jixiang's family. In the 1980s, many people came to his grandfather to make a wind lion. However, there are very few people who come to customize it now, and only some enthusiasts will buy it and collect it. Wu Jixiang thought of making the wind lion master into a Jinjiang souvenir and carrying forward this traditional culture and this old craft.
Nowadays, there are many old houses that carry the story of the wind lion, which have been forgotten with the development of the times, and those different forms of the wind lion have gradually become part of the nostalgia. Perhaps in the future, the wind lion masters will walk into the studios of cultural and creative designers, unload their windproof work, and hover over our desks and coffee tables, and watch over each other closer to us.
Next, we will also take you to discover more interesting lion culture in Jinjiang, so stay tuned!
Responsible editor| Xu Shuizhou edited the | Yan Ming
Audit | Chen Shizhang Cai Yanyan