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Quanzhou World Heritage's "China's Best"
"Xia Cao Pu: The First Site of Iron Smelting and Pig Iron Smelting in China"
Xia Cao Pu: The first site in China where iron smelting and pig iron smelting coexist
Distant view of the Anxi Qingyang Xiacaopu iron smelting site
【The Best of China】
At present, the first domestic scientific archaeological excavation of block ironmaking
Sites that coexist with pig iron smelting
【Position】
Qingyang Village, Shangqing Township, Anxi County
【Features】
There is a relatively complete production system here, which can produce block iron, pig iron and steel, and at the same time, unique plate formation smelting and processing technology has emerged.
Xiacaopu iron smelting site has increasingly become a "net red punching point"
The Anxi area is rich in iron ore resources, and there have been iron smelting activities since at least the late Tang Dynasty. During the Song and Yuan dynasties, the mainland iron smelting industry developed rapidly, Fujian became one of the most important iron producing areas, especially quanzhou Anxi and other places are the most prestigious, Anxi "Qingyang Iron Farm" name recorded in the annals of history, of which the Xiacaopu iron smelting site is a typical representative. Located on the southern slope of Qingyang Village in Shangqing Township, an Anxi Qingyang Xiacaopu Ruins covers an area of more than 10,000 square meters, including smelting sites, a group of ancient mines distributed on the mine, the ancestral house ruins of the Yu family of iron smelting producers, the ancient road, and the mountainous area that provides fuelwood for smelting. In order to let visitors more intuitively understand the iron smelting technology and iron smelting process, there is also an exhibition hall of the Xiacaopu iron smelting site near the site.
The Xiacaopu Iron Smelting Site Exhibition Hall uses a group of sculptures and murals to vividly restore the scene of the Song and Yuan iron smelting sites.
The unique iron ore resources are the root cause of the continuous smelting activities in Anxi for more than a thousand years. Nearly 30 kinds of minerals have been found in Anxi, including iron, manganese, lead, zinc, silver, and kaolin. Iron ore, coal mines, kaolin and other reserves rank in the forefront of Fujian Province. Professor Shen Ruiwen, dean of the School of Archaeology and Literature of Peking University, who undertook the excavation of the Qingyang Xiacaopu Iron Smelting Site as an archaeological team leader, said that the Anxi Xiacaopu Iron Smelting Site is the first iron smelting site in the domestic scientific system archaeological excavation where block ironmaking and pig iron smelting coexist. There is a relatively complete production system here, which can produce block iron, pig iron and steel, and at the same time, unique plate formation smelting and processing technology has emerged. Block iron smelting technology is to reduce the ore to solid iron (or sponge iron, wrought iron) at a lower temperature, and then repeatedly forged to remove impurities. Pig iron smelting technology is the process of reducing ore to high carbon liquid iron at a higher temperature, and then casting and forming iron, after which pig iron products can be annealed, decarburized and other treatments to obtain better performance of steel products. Pig iron smelters are in great demand and need a relatively complete system. The iron industry in Quanzhou, Song and Yuan dynasties has the characteristics of an export-oriented economy, and its products circulate to other regions at home and abroad. The main sales place in China is the Jiangnan region; the main export place abroad is the "South China Sea Countries" located in the current South China Sea and the Indian Ocean coast.
Xiacaopu Iron Smelting Site Exhibition Hall
The "Anxi County Chronicle" has a record of the Qingyang Iron Field
The use of iron tools and the invention of iron smelting technology are important milestones in the history of human civilization. The mainland has a long history of iron smelting and a unique tradition of craftsmanship. After archaeological excavations, the earliest block iron-making iron tools in China appeared in the 14th century BC, and the earliest pig iron tools were found in the 8th century BC (early Spring and Autumn). In the long historical period since then, the two major iron smelting technology systems of block ironmaking and block carburized steel, pig iron and pig iron steel have coexisted for a long time. The level of steel technology in ancient China has been in a long-term leading position in the world, and pig iron technology has gradually spread and popularized in Europe after the 13th century. Anxi Qingyang Xiacaopu iron smelting site is a precious witness to Quanzhou's iron smelting handicraft industry in the Song and Yuan dynasties, and together with the ceramic production base in Quanzhou, it shows the strong industrial capacity and trade output ability of Quanzhou in song and Yuan.
Ruins of iron smelting furnaces
The fan-shaped discharge residue excavated from the site
Anxi Songyuan iron smelting industry, after the continuous development since the Ming and Qing dynasties, after thousands of years, precipitated into a unique local traditional handicraft industry and economic form. Anxi not only inherits orderly heritage, but now it has innovated, created a new process of "rattan + iron", and become the largest rattan iron handicraft production and export base in the country, and its products are exported to more than 60 countries and regions in Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Africa, Europe and the United States, etc., and is "the hometown of China's rattan iron craft" and "the world's rattan iron craft capital".
Scan the QR code to watch the special video and enjoy the style of the Caopu smelting iron site
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Source: Quanzhou Evening News
Reporter: Wu Shuyun
Editor: Anran Lee
Audit: Zhao Pengyun et al
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