COVID-19 Knowledge 60 Questions (1)

1. What is the novel coronavirus?

Novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) belongs to the β coronavirus, sensitive to ultraviolet rays and heat, and lipid solvents such as ether, 75% ethanol, chlorine-containing disinfectants, peracetic acid and chloroform can effectively inactivate the virus.

There are five "strains of concern" proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO): Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron.

At present, the Aumechjong strain has replaced the Delta strain as the main popular strain.

2. What are the characteristics of the Omikejong mutant strain?

Stronger transmission ability: the incubation period is shorter, the transmission time is short, and it has become a dominant epidemic strain in the world.

Stronger "immune escape" capability: it will lead to a decrease in the protection rate of the NEW Crown Virus vaccine.

Increased risk of reinfection: Studies have shown that the risk of re-infection with the "Omikejung" variant after previous infection with the novel coronavirus is more than 5 times higher than that of other variants.

3. What is the source of COVID-19? How is it spread?

The main sources of infection are confirmed cases of COVID-19 and asymptomatic infected people.

It is contagious during the incubation period, and is relatively contagious 1-2 days before the onset of the disease and at the beginning of the disease. The main route of transmission is through respiratory droplets and close contact, contact with virus-contaminated articles can also cause infection, in a relatively closed environment exposed to high concentrations of aerosols there is a possibility of aerosol transmission; because the new crown virus can be isolated in feces, urine, attention should be paid to environmental pollution may cause contact transmission or aerosol transmission.

4. What are the main symptoms and manifestations of COVID-19?

The incubation period is 1-14 days, mostly 3-7 days. Fever, dry cough, and fatigue are the main manifestations. Some patients present with loss or loss of sense of smell and taste as the first symptoms, while a small number of patients have symptoms such as nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, conjunctivitis myalgia, and diarrhea. Mild patients may present with low-grade fever, mild fatigue, olfactory and taste disturbances, and no pneumonia. There may also be no obvious clinical symptoms after infection with the novel coronavirus.

After infection with the Omikejong variant, the symptoms of infected people were relatively mild. Population-based observational studies have also shown that the risk of hospitalization, hospitalization, and severe illness in people infected with the Omikejung variant is significantly reduced compared with other strain-infected people. The main symptoms are fever, dry cough, sore throat, headache, fatigue, nasal congestion, etc.

5. What is a close contact?

A close contact is a person who has been in close contact with a person who has had close contact but has not taken effective protection, starting 2 days before the onset of symptoms of a suspected and confirmed case, or 2 days before the first positive specimen sampling of an asymptomatic infected person. The actual judgment can be adjusted to 2-4 days by the professional according to the situation.

The specific principles are as follows:

Family members living together in the same room;

Direct caregivers or those who provide medical treatment or nursing services;

Healthcare workers who perform activities that may produce aerosols in the same space;

All close contact in the office, workshop, team, elevator, canteen, classroom, etc.

Persons who dine together, have fun together, and provide catering and entertainment services in confined environments;

Healthcare workers, family members, or other people in close contact with the case;

People who travel in the same vehicle and have close contact (within 1 meter), including caregivers and accompanying personnel (family, colleagues, friends, etc.) on the transportation:

persons exposed to environments and articles contaminated by cases or asymptomatic infected persons;

Field investigators assess other persons who meet the criteria for judging close contacts.

6. What is a close connection?

A person who has close contact with a close contact with a case or an asymptomatic infected person for the first time until the close contact is isolated and managed, and who has a close contact with a close contact person, such as living together, working in the same confined environment, eating and recreation, but finally taking effective protection.

Emphasis is placed on groups such as family members and colleagues who have frequent contact with close contacts.

7. If there are clinical manifestations such as fever and fatigue, does it mean that you are infected with the new coronavirus?

Many respiratory diseases have fever, fatigue, dry cough and other manifestations of whether they are infected by the new coronavirus, which requires doctors to comprehensively judge according to the patient's activities before the onset of illness, whether they have been exposed to suspicious cases, laboratory test results and other information. A positive nucleic acid test for the novel coronavirus is the primary criterion for confirming the diagnosis.

Once the symptoms of suspected novel coronavirus infection appear, please do not panic, you should do a good job of self-protection and seek medical treatment in time.

8. When do I need to wear a mask?

Wearing a mask is an effective way to prevent respiratory infectious diseases such as new crown pneumonia and influenza, protecting both yourself and others. A mask must be worn in the following cases:

When in crowded indoor places such as shopping malls, supermarkets, vegetable markets, cinemas, venues, exhibition halls, airports, wharves and hotel common areas;

When taking van elevators and public transportation such as airplanes, trains, ships, coaches, subways, buses;

When you are in outdoor places such as crowded open-air squares, theaters, parks, and sidewalk traffic light waiting areas;

When visiting the hospital or accompanying nursing, when receiving health checks such as body temperature checks, checking health codes, registering itinerary information, and nucleic acid testing;

Symptoms such as nasopharyngeal discomfort, cough, sneezing, and fever;

When the restaurant or canteen is in a non-eating state;

When receiving the courier.

9. Under what circumstances can I not wear a mask?

The public may not wear a mask when they are at home and all family members are healthy. In addition, the following three situations can be done without a mask:

When outdoors people are less active (such as walking, cycling or exercising) and can maintain a safe distance of more than 2 meters;

When driving alone or alone;

Exercise, especially when exercising strenuously.

It is necessary to remind everyone not to take off the mask when coughing and sneezing. Because, sneezing or coughing, will produce a large number of droplets, may cause the spread of disease, and masks can just form a physical barrier to avoid droplets affecting the surrounding environment. However, since droplets can cause the mask to be wet, which will affect the protective effect, it is recommended to replace the mask at the right time.

10. What do "smokers" friends need to pay attention to?

During the epidemic period, "smokers" friends took off their masks at will and smoked while walking outdoors, which not only created second-hand smoke, seriously endangering the health of others, but also increasing the risk of virus transmission.

When a smoker takes off a mask in a potentially infected environment and smokes, there is a risk in itself; while the action of smoking means that the finger is closer to the face more frequently, if the smoker's finger is contaminated with the virus, the virus is likely to spread through the finger to the mouth and nose of the smoker; in addition, the smoke exhaled by the new coronavirus infected person when smoking (including e-cigarettes) may also carry droplets containing the virus. For others, it will increase the risk of the spread and infection of the new coronavirus.

Therefore, "smokers" friends must wear masks when going out, and do not gather to smoke.