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2022 May Day holiday health tips

2022 May Day holiday health tips

The "May Day" holiday is coming, visiting relatives and friends, traveling and outdoor activities will increase, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention warmly reminds: during this year's "May Day" period, we must continue to pay attention to the prevention and control of new crown pneumonia, and at the same time do a good job in the prevention of norovirus enteritis, food poisoning, tick-borne diseases and animal-derived infectious diseases.

[Key Notes]

1

COVID-19 prevention

At present, the global epidemic of the new coronavirus Amickon variant strain is highly contagious, the local epidemic points in the mainland are numerous, widespread and frequent, and the epidemic prevention and control situation is severe and complex, facing the dual risks of the spread of the local epidemic and the continuous transmission of overseas imports. It is recommended that those who are eligible but have not been vaccinated against COVID-19 (especially the elderly) be vaccinated as soon as possible, those who have not been fully vaccinated should complete the full vaccination as soon as possible, and those who have completed the basic immunization for more than 6 months should be vaccinated as soon as possible. Avoid travel to epidemic and medium- and high-risk areas; avoid unnecessary cross-border travel; strictly restrict travel for personnel in medium- and high-risk areas and counties (cities, districts, banners) where the epidemic is located; personnel from other counties (cities, districts, banners) in the cities where medium- and high-risk areas are located do not need to travel, and if they really need to travel, they must hold a 48-hour nucleic acid test negative certificate; strictly restrict travel to medium- and high-risk areas and the counties (cities, districts, banners) where they are located; and do not necessarily travel to other counties (cities, districts, flags) where the medium- and high-risk areas are located. Other areas minimize unnecessary travel and gatherings, especially among the elderly, people with underlying medical conditions, pregnant women, etc. During the trip, you should obey the relevant requirements of the new crown prevention and control work of the travel destination, and prepare masks, hand sanitizer, disinfectant wipes and other items. Insist on wearing masks when going out, maintain social distancing from others, wash your hands frequently, reduce crowd gatherings, and control the size of the number of people eating together. Pay attention to ventilation in the living place. Try to avoid crowded places, closed spaces, and poor ventilation. Self-health monitoring should be done after returning from travel, and when suspicious symptoms occur, seek medical attention in time and report suspicious exposure or travel history under the condition of protection.

2

Prevention of norovirus enteritis and food poisoning

Pay attention to hand hygiene, eating, drinking water hygiene. When eating out, you should choose a restaurant with regular and good hygiene conditions. Try to eat cooked food, eat raw vegetables and fruits to wash, do not drink raw water. Raw and cooked food should be separated, and kitchen utensils and containers for processing food should be separated from raw and cooked. Food should be thoroughly cooked and burned thoroughly, and leftover food and overnight food should be thoroughly heated before eating again. Maintain a good way of eating, try to use divided meals, and advocate the use of public chopsticks and spoons. Do not collect or eat unknown wild mushrooms and wild plants.

3

Prevention of tick-borne diseases

Do a good job of personal protection when field activities, you should wear long-sleeved clothes and pants, tighten the legs of the pants, and apply repellent to the bare skin, avoid sitting and lying down for a long time in grass, woods and other environments to prevent tick bites.

4

Prevention of infectious diseases of animal origin

Avoid entering the habitat of wild birds and other animals, and do not touch or eat wild animals. Try to avoid direct contact with any animal, especially animals of unknown origin; do not eat animal products that are not cooked thoroughly; choose fresh and safe animal food ingredients, and separate raw and cooked when processing.

[Characteristics of associated risks and specific preventive measures]

1. Novel coronavirus pneumonia

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At present, the local epidemic of new crown pneumonia in the mainland has a wide range of impact, the community transmission in some areas has not been blocked, and the spillover of the epidemic has occurred, and the situation of internal prevention and proliferation is severe and complicated. The global COVID-19 epidemic is still at a high level, and due to multiple factors such as the Omicron variant becoming the dominant epidemic strain in the world, the relaxation of travel restrictions and prevention and control measures in many countries abroad, the mainland is still facing a greater risk of importing the epidemic from abroad and causing local spread.

Main precautions

●It is recommended that those who meet the conditions but have not been vaccinated against the new crown vaccine (especially the elderly) be vaccinated as soon as possible, those who have not been fully vaccinated should complete the full vaccination as soon as possible, and those who have completed the basic immunization for more than 6 months should be vaccinated as soon as possible.

At present, the epidemic level abroad is still relatively high, and the mainland adheres to the strategy of prevention and control of foreign imports, and requires strict quarantine measures for inbound personnel. It is recommended not to leave the country non-essentially and non-urgently, and to reduce the cross-border movement of people for non-essential reasons such as tourism. During the period of centralized isolation and home health monitoring, inbound personnel strictly abide by local epidemic prevention regulations, and do a good job of nucleic acid testing and health status monitoring. If fever, dry cough, fatigue, sore throat, decreased sense of smell (taste), diarrhea and other symptoms appear, you should immediately inform the corresponding staff and cooperate with the medical treatment. During the home health monitoring period, do not go out non-essentially, and maintain a certain distance from the people living with you; if you really need to go out, do a good job of personal protection, standardize the wearing of N95/KN95 protective masks, keep a certain distance from others, avoid taking public transportation, do not participate in gathering activities such as meals, exhibitions, tourism, training, etc., do not go to schools, factories, welfare homes, nursing homes, shopping malls, supermarkets, office buildings, playgrounds, large farmers' markets, theaters and other crowded places, do not go to chess and card rooms, KTV, script killing, Closed places such as escape rooms.

●Personnel in medium- and high-risk areas and counties (cities, districts, banners) where the epidemic situation is located in China are strictly restricted from traveling; personnel from other counties (cities, districts, banners) in the city where the medium- and high-risk areas are located do not have to travel, and those who really need to travel must hold a negative nucleic acid test certificate within 48 hours. Strictly restrict travel to medium- and high-risk areas and the county where they are located (city, district, flag), and do not travel to other counties (cities, districts, flags) of the city where the medium- and high-risk areas are located. Where travel is required under special circumstances, it is necessary to obtain the approval of the local epidemic prevention and control agency. The risk level of THE new crown epidemic in all parts of the mainland can be queried in real time in the special column http://bmfw.www.gov.cn/yqfxdjcx/risk.html of the State Council website, the "State Council Client" mobile APP, or WeChat and Alipay Mini Programs.

Minimize unnecessary travel and gathering in other areas, especially the elderly, people with underlying medical conditions, pregnant women, and others. Fever patients, health code "yellow code" and other personnel should perform personal protection responsibilities, actively cooperate with health monitoring and nucleic acid testing, and do not travel until the risk of infection is excluded. Personnel in high-risk positions in China should avoid travel as much as possible, and those who really need to travel must meet the requirements of leaving the job for more than 14 days and hold a negative nucleic acid test certificate within 48 hours, and report to the unit where they are located.

● During holidays, self-protection should be strengthened. Always have masks, hand sanitizer, disinfectant wipes and other items. Wear a mask when you go out, maintain social distancing from others, wash your hands frequently, and cover your mouth and nose when sneezing. Pay attention to ventilation in the living place. At the same time, it is necessary to avoid activities in places where people gather, spaces are closed, and ventilation is poor. Do not participate in large-scale gatherings of people, and if you do need to hold a gathering, reduce the size of the event as much as possible.

●Before traveling, if respiratory symptoms such as fever and cough occur, the travel plan should be temporarily suspended, and the medical treatment should be carried out in time under the condition of protection, nucleic acid testing and risk screening. During the trip, when taking airplanes, trains and other means of transport, you should comply with the order and crew management requirements, wear masks throughout the process, do a good job of hand hygiene, properly save the tickets for inquiry, and comply with the epidemic prevention and control regulations of the destination (the new crown epidemic prevention and control measures in various parts of the mainland can be http://www.gov.cn/zhuanti/2021yqfkgdzc/index.htm#/ the special column of the State Council website, the "State Council Client" mobile APP or WeChat, Real-time inquiries such as Alipay Mini Programs); if symptoms such as fever, dry cough, fatigue, sore throat, decreased sense of smell (taste), and diarrhea occur during the journey, the trip must be cancelled or suspended, and the nearest medical institution must be immediately treated for nucleic acid testing and risk screening. After returning from travel, continue to do a good job of personal health monitoring, should self-observation for 14 days, once unwell, timely medical treatment and take the initiative to inform the doctor of relevant exposure or travel history. Colleges and universities or enterprises with a large number of migrant workers, students or migrant workers need to provide a negative nucleic acid test certificate to return to school or return to work in accordance with the requirements of the unit.

2. Norovirus enteritis

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Outbreaks of norovirus enteritis occur in schools, kindergartens, hospitals, nursing homes, large cruise ships and other crowded places, and have also occurred on airplanes or in tour groups. Transmission routes include human-to-human transmission, transmission through food and water. Human-to-human transmission is transmitted through the fecal-oral route, including aerosols produced when ingesting a patient's vomit, contact with a patient's vomit or feces, and contact with environmental surfaces contaminated with the patient's vomit or feces. Food transmission is transmitted by eating food contaminated with norovirus, and the contamination link can occur in the preparation and supply of meals by norovirus-infected catering practitioners who contaminate food, or food is contaminated by excrement from infected people or other substances containing norovirus (such as water, etc.) during production, transportation and distribution, and shellfish seafood such as oysters and vegetables and fruits of raw food are also common foods that cause infection. Water transmission can be caused by contamination of other drinking water sources such as bottled water, municipal water supply, well water, etc. The most common clinical symptoms are vomiting and diarrhea, followed by nausea, abdominal pain, headache, fever, chills, and muscle aches, and most patients recover within 2 to 3 days of illness. In rare cases, severe illness or even death can occur.

Main precautions

●Pay attention to personal hygiene, especially hand hygiene, and wash your hands frequently before and after meals, when going home, after caring for the sick, preparing or distributing food, and before eating.

● Pay attention to diet, drinking water hygiene, go out to eat should choose a formal, hygienic conditions of the restaurant, try to eat cooked food, raw vegetables and fruits to wash, oysters and other shellfish seafood must be thoroughly cooked before eating; do not drink raw water.

●It is best for norovirus-infected people to take the initiative to isolate at home within 3 days after recovery, and try not to have close contact with other healthy family members, especially not to prepare and process food or take care of the elderly and infants.

●Surfaces contaminated by the patient's vomit or feces should be washed and disinfected with chlorine-containing bleach or other effective disinfectants in time, and contaminated clothes or bed sheets should be taken off and washed immediately, and rubber or disposable gloves should be worn when washing, and washed carefully after washing.

3. Food poisoning

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May to October is the high incidence of food poisoning in mainland China. The chances of eating together and eating out during the holidays increase, and the risk of food poisoning increases accordingly. Food poisoning caused by microorganisms is the most common in the mainland, and other poisonings such as wild mushrooms and wild plants also occur from time to time. Food poisoning usually occurs acutely shortly after eating, with gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.

Main precautions

● Keep clean, before and after meals, before and after handling raw and cooked food and its packaging, contact with pets, after handling garbage, wash your hands frequently; tableware and kitchen utensils should be rinsed with safe water, dried, and often steamed and disinfected, and the kitchen environment should be clean. Raw and cooked food should be separated, and kitchen utensils and containers for processing food should be separated from raw and cooked. Use safe water and food raw materials, choose fresh vegetables and fruits, no mildew staple grains, beans and peanuts, etc., properly clean, peel, reduce risk; the whole process of food production should use safe water. Food should be thoroughly cooked and burned thoroughly, and leftover food and overnight food should be thoroughly heated before eating again. Keep food at a safe temperature, cooked food storage time at room temperature should not exceed 2 hours, food that cannot be eaten in time should be refrigerated or frozen, and cooked food should be kept above 60 ° C before eating. When eating out, you should choose a restaurant with regular and good health conditions, maintain a good way of eating, try to use meal sharing, and advocate the use of public chopsticks and spoons to reduce the risk of cross-contamination. Do not eat food of unknown origin, do not collect or eat unknown wild mushrooms and wild plants.

4. Tick-borne diseases

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Ticks are vectors of a variety of infectious diseases, often transmitting pathogens to humans through bites. Most parts of the continent are active from April to September, and the chance of people being bitten by ticks increases significantly. Ticks live in grassy, bushy or wooded areas and on the surface of animal bodies, and people who walk their dogs, camp, garden, pick tea, farm or hunt outdoors may come into close contact with ticks, as well as in yards or communities. Ticks often attach to the scalp, waist, armpits, groin and under the ankles of the human body, and after sucking blood, the worm body swells like a soybean. Tick bites can cause symptoms such as allergies, ulcers, or inflammation, which are generally mild, but some infectious diseases transmitted by ticks, such as fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome and Xinjiang hemorrhagic fever, have a higher mortality rate. Tick-borne diseases often have similar symptoms in the early stages, fever and chills are the most common symptoms, followed by itching, headache, fatigue and muscle soreness, and some will have joint pain, rashes and so on.

Main precautions

●Do a good job of personal protection during field activities, wear long-sleeved pants, tighten pants legs, apply repellents to bare skin, etc., to avoid sitting and lying in the main habitat of ticks such as grassland, woods and other environments for a long time to prevent tick bites. Once it is found that there is a tick attached to the skin, the tick should be removed as soon as possible, and the tick can be sprayed with alcohol to make the tick head relax or die, and then use a clean fine tip tweezer to remove the tick, do not pull hard, so as not to drag the skin or leave the head of the tick in the skin, after removal, and then use iodine wine or alcohol for local disinfection treatment, and observe the physical condition at any time; if necessary, consult the medical staff in time. If symptoms such as fever, fatigue, muscle aches, etc. occur within a few weeks after tick removal, you should seek medical attention as soon as possible and inform your doctor of a history of exposure.

5. Infectious diseases of animal origin

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Humans may be infected with animal-derived infectious diseases such as avian influenza, cloth disease, anthrax, etc. by contacting animals (such as feeding, petting, slaughtering, peeling, processing, etc.), eating undercooked animal products (such as meat, eggs, milk, etc.), and contacting the habitat environment of animals.

Main precautions

● Avoid entering the habitat of wild birds and other animals, and do not touch or eat wild animals. Try to avoid direct contact with any animals, especially those of unknown origin. Do not eat uncooked and cooked meat, eggs, milk and other animal products. Choose fresh and safe animal food raw materials, and pay attention to the separation of raw and cooked when processing.

(Contributed by: Emergency Response Center)

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