On April 22, the "Light of Ruling the World - Archaeological Achievements of the Western Han Dynasty Emperor's Mausoleum and Tribute to archaeology centenary exhibition" jointly organized by the Provincial Bureau of Cultural Relics and jointly organized by the Hanjing Diyang Mausoleum Museum, the Shaanxi History Museum, the Shaanxi Provincial Archaeological Research Institute, the Xi'an Museum, the Xianyang Museum and the Maoling Museum was completed, and the 23 pieces (groups) of fine cultural relics excavated from the Hanwen Emperor's Tomb were exhibited to the public for the first time in the Hanjing Diyang Mausoleum Museum.
Duling golden hoop jade cup, Weiling white jade to ward off evil spirits, Baling copper seal and so on can be seen
The exhibition is a special gift to celebrate the centenary of the Communist Party of China and the centenary celebration of Chinese archaeology. The exhibition reviews the century-old archaeological history of the Western Han Emperor's Mausoleum, presents the century-old archaeological achievements of the Western Han Emperor's Mausoleum, exhibits more than 100 fine cultural relics, reproduces the social style and material civilization of the Han Dynasty by "seeing through things and seeing people", highlights the unique style of the Han Dynasty by the beauty of the artifacts, and interprets the strict national etiquette system of "Mausoleum Ruoduyi" with the planning of the imperial tomb.
Among the exhibits, the Han Xuan Emperor Duling Golden Hoop Jade Cup, the Jade Dancer, the Han Yuan Emperor Weiling White Jade To Ward Off Evil Spirits, the Painted Terracotta Warriors of the Han Tomb in Yangjiawan, Xianyang, and the Four Gods Wadang of the Ceremonial Architectural Site in the Southern Suburbs of Han Chang'an City are all well-known representative cultural relics of the Han Dynasty, with high aesthetic and research value. The new Baling cultural relics including gilded carriages and horse ware, copper seals and various pottery figurines are not only related to the Yangling Tombs and other Western Han Emperors' Tombs, but also have the uniqueness of new archaeological discoveries, further improving the exhibition's comprehensive interpretation of the history of the development of the Western Han Emperor's Mausoleum.
In 2021, the Han Wen Emperor's Tomb, one of the top ten archaeological discoveries in china, is located in the Bailu Plain in the southeast of Baqiao District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, with the Imperial Tomb (Jiangcun Tomb) as the core, and the Tomb of Empress Dou, the Southern Tomb of Empress Bo and the Funerary Tomb have become arches; scientific archaeological work began in the 1970s, and has successively carried out exploration and excavation of outer pits (peripheral funerary systems) in Nanling, Dou Empress Mausoleum and other areas, and there have been important discoveries such as giant pandas and rhino bones. In this century, further protective excavations were carried out in areas such as the outer pit of the Jiangcun Tomb, and a comprehensive survey and exploration of the mausoleum area was carried out, and the local key revelation was combined with the overall mastery to determine the scope, shape structure and remains of the mausoleum area. The orderly advancement of archaeological work in recent years has provided extremely powerful evidence for the Jiangcun Tomb, that is, the tomb of emperor Wen of Han, corrected the inertial cognition that the tomb of Emperor Wen of Han was located in the mouth of the phoenix mouth of Bailuyuan for a long time, and filled a vital link for the evolution of the system of imperial tombs of the Western Han Dynasty.
Liu Heng, the Emperor Wen of Han, and Liu Qi, the emperor of the Yangling Tombs, were fathers and sons, and the history records that their governing strategy was in the same line, laying a solid economic foundation for the prosperity of the Western Han Dynasty. Archaeological findings also confirm that the Tombs of Emperor Wen and the Tombs of Emperor Jing also show a progressive relationship of inheritance and development at the level of material relics and institutional culture. Interpreting the archaeological findings of Baling and displaying the cultural relics unearthed in Baling in the exhibition "The Light of Ruling the World" helps to highlight the pulse of the times in the context of the "rule of Wenjing" in the Western Han Dynasty, and interpret its important historical position in the history of the development of the Western Han Dynasty.
The newly excavated cultural relics of Baling also include criminal servants, gilded carriages and horses, and copper leaky pots
Semi-plastic clay figurines: clay red pottery, the upper body and calves of the figure are naked, the waist is underwear; the overall proportion is appropriate, the body is symmetrical and realistic, and the facial features are clearly outlined. The wearing of a torture instrument "iron tongs" on the neck is compared with the skeletons excavated from the Tomb of the Emperor Yang of the Han Dynasty, which confirms the historical fact that the Imperial Tomb of the Han Dynasty was built with people serving sentences as important laborers. The practice of half-nude and semi-plastic is likely to be a transition between the full-plastic ceramic figurines of the early Han Dynasty and the all-naked dressed pottery figurines of the Jingdi Yang Mausoleum, which makes up for the lack of development and evolution between the two types of ceramic figurines, and has important research value.
Gilded carriage and horse ware: Excavated from the outer pit of empress dowager Bo's southern tomb, including horse head ornaments, bow bearers, umbrella cover components and various body ornaments, etc., a large number of gilded techniques are used, and the ornamentation and images are exquisite and abnormal; some components still have wooden remnants, indicating that Empress Bo's southern tombs were buried with real cars, which became an important physical evidence of the "outer treasure" system of high-grade tombs in the Han Dynasty. The animal figure of the body ornament is extremely vivid and is one of the important embodiments of the early royal aesthetics of the Western Han Dynasty.
Copper leaky pot: a popular timer in the Han Dynasty, has been found in the Jingdi Yang Mausoleum, Wudi Maoling and other imperial tomb areas, and the Wendi Cemetery excavation is particularly complete, is extremely precious of the same kind of physical objects. This kind of leaky pot is usually composed of the pot body, the lid, the floating boat, the carved arrow and other parts, when used, the pot is added to the water, the floating boat floats on the water, and the engraved arrow with the reading is attached; the water is gradually leaked out by the drip in the lower part of the pot, and the carved arrow drops, thus measuring the time at night or rainy days.
Huashang Daily reporter Ma Huzhen (Courtesy of Hanjing Diyang Mausoleum Museum)
Source: China Business Network - China Business Daily