preface
In the previous article, it was mentioned that the five-word sentence is extended to seven sentences and the meaning is unchanged, and there are roughly 7 types. In fact, of course, there are not only these 7 types of seven sentence forms.
When Mr. Wang Li mentioned the sentence pattern of the seven laws, he said that if the analysis method of analyzing the five-word near-body poem is followed, then there are too many types and lengths of the seven-word sentence form. Therefore, only a partial sentence can be illustrated by example.
Mr. Wang Li used Du Fu's poems to simply add 2 words from the basis of the five words to analyze the characteristics of the seven sentences. Through this analysis, it is precisely possible to observe the seven laws and syntax of the poem Saint Du Fu.
Today, let's talk about the first three categories, of which the third category has more changes.
1. Extended by the first category of five-word sentence forms (4-1 subject-verb structure).
The first category of five-word sentences is the 4-1 subject-verb structure in simple sentences: the first 4 words are nomenclatures, and the last words are adjectives or intransitive verbs.
The first 4 words of this sentence form are the subject, and the last word is the predicate, that is, the sentence of the subject-verb structure. For example:
Old country cloud mountain - in, new year scenery - yu.
Noji temple remnant monks - few, mountain garden thin road - high.
Desert lonely smoke - straight, long river sunset - round.
1. Add 2 words after that: nouns and verbs
The sound of the eternal night horn - sad - self-talk, the middle of the sky and the moon - good - who looks. This sentence pattern can be seen as the five-word sentence "The eternal night horn is sad, and the moon is good in the middle of the sky" is followed by the main verb structure: self-talk, who sees.
From Du Fu's "SuFu":
In the autumn of the Qing Dynasty, the shogunate was cold, and the lone river city was wax torched.
The eternal night horn voice sadly said to itself, the middle of the sky and the moon are good who looks.
The wind and dust are extremely sound, and it is difficult to pass the depression.
I have endured ten years of hard work, and I have forcibly moved to inhabit a branch.
2. Add 2 words to the five or six characters: overlapping adverbs
Blue window Cebu - (mao) wet, vermilion floating clouds - (fine) light. Simplified to five words of poetry: Blue Window Cebu - Wet, Zhu Li Floating Clouds - Light. Muddy, finely modified predicates: wet, light.
From Du Fu's "Jiangling Festival Duyangcheng County Wang Xinlou Chengwang Asks Yan to Serve the Imperial Judge Seven":
Upstairs on a hot day of ice and snow, High Flying Bird Bird He Xincheng.
The green window Cebu was wet, and the clouds were thin and light.
The cane is beautiful, and the pot is scattered and clear.
Since the Gong Duo has time to extend the Samsa, Jiang han has been in love with eternity.
Second, five words of the second category (3-2 subject-verb structure) expansion
Characteristics of the second category of five words: subject-verb structure of 3-2. The first 3 words are nomenclatures and the last 2 words are predicate verbs or adjectives. For example:
Lady poems - long in, lady law - still exist.
Autumn bugs - do not go, twilight - how.
This is the sentence pattern of subject-verb structure, the first three word subject, the last two word predicate, no object.
1. The first 2 words plus the orientation language to modify the subject
On the sand - grass pavilion willow - new darkness, city edge - wild pond lotus - desire red. The last 5 characters are the second category of five-word poems: Grass Pavilion Willow - New Dark, Wild Pond Lotus - Desire Red. On this basis, the directional language is added to become seven sentences.
From Du Fu's "Late Spring"
Lying sick and congested in the gorge, Xiaoxiang Cave Court is empty.
Chu Tian constantly rained at four o'clock, and Wuxia often blew thousands of miles of wind.
The willows on the grass pavilion on the sand are newly dark, and the wild ponds on the edge of the city are red.
In the late spring, the mandarin heron lizhouzhu and flew back to a bush.
2. The first 2 words are added to the modifier name words to modify the subject
Five more - drum horn sound - tragic, three gorges - galaxy shadow - shaken. This sentence pattern is actually similar to the previous one, the upper five is the time, and the lower three gorges is also the direction. The last 5 words are still the second category of five-sentence patterns of 3-2 subject-verb structure: drum horn sound - tragic, galactic shadow - shaken.
From Du Fu's "Pavilion Night"
Twilight yin and yang short scene, the end of the world frost snow Ji cold night.
The sound of the five drums and horns was tragic, and the shadow of the Three Gorges Galaxy wavered.
Wild weeping a few heard about the war, yi song several fishing trees.
The Crouching Dragon Prancing Horse ends in the loess soil, and the personnel are lonely.
3. The first 2 words are added to the name of the word or verb, indicating the reason for the last 5 words
Houlu - the book of the deceased - severed, perpetual hunger - childish color - desolate. The first 2 words are the reason for the form of the following sentences. Because of Houlu, so the book of the deceased - cut off, because of constant hunger, so childish color - desolate.
From Du Fu's "The Mad Man":
A grass hall in the west of the Wanli Bridge, the water of the Hundred Flowers Pond is a wave.
The wind contains the green and pure, and the rain is red and fragrant.
Houlu's old book was broken, and the eternal hunger and childishness were desolate.
Want to fill the gully only loose, laugh at the old maniac is even more crazy.
The fifth category of five words (212 subject-object structure) is expanded
The characteristics of the fifth category of five-word sentence form: 212 subject-object structure, the first 2 and the last 2 words are nouns, and the middle verb. For example:
Round lotus - floating - small leaves, fine wheat - falling - light flowers.
Guyi -Tong-Akai-ri, Nagatei-Shimo-Hibihara.
In front of this 2-1-2 structure, two words are added to form seven sentences. These two words are mostly modifiers, and the subject after the modifier. Others indicate the time bearing.
1, the first 2 words plus adjectives, nouns, subject-verb structure and so on
1) Added two overlapping adjectives
Juanjuan - drama butterfly over the curtain, slice - light gull under the rapids. The last 5 characters are the subject-object structure of 2-1-2: drama butterfly - over - idle mantle, light gull - down - rapid turbulence. Two overlapping adjectives are added to embellish the subject
From Du Fu's "The Work of the Little Cold Food Boat":
Jiachen Qiang's diet is still cold, and he wears a crown of osprey in a few depressions.
Spring water boats sit like the sky, and old flowers look like fog.
Juanjuan - drama butterfly over the curtain, slice - light gull under the rapids.
Yunbai Mountain is more than ten thousand miles old, and it is sad to see that the north is Chang'an.
The most famous of these sentences are: Desert - Paddy Field Flying Egret, Yin Yin - Summer Wood Yellow Oriole. From Wang Wei's "Cumulonimbus Ji chuan zhuangzuo":
The rain and the forest fireworks are late, and the steamed quinoa cooks and cooks the east.
Desert paddy field flying egret, yin yin summer wood yellow oriole.
Yamanaka learns to meditate on the hibiscus, and Matsushita Kiyosai folds the dew aoi.
The wild old man and the people quarreled, and the seagulls were even more suspicious of what happened.
2) Preceded by modified nomenclatures,
Such as: Wanli - autumn wind blows Jinshui, who home - do not tear wet clothes.
Wanli is a number word, and whoever indicates the destination is a modified subject.
From the tang dynasty poet Du Fu's ancient poem "Yellow Grass":
The west ship of Huangcao Gorge has not returned, and the pedestrians under chijia mountain are sparse.
Qin Zhongyi had no news, and the Shu Dao soldiers had right and wrong.
Wanli autumn wind blows jinshui, who does not tear wet clothes.
The Mo Shuo Sword Pavilion was finally under siege, and it was reported that Songzhou had been besieged.
3) Modified verbs
Stop - Fei Wu will count the numbers, frequently come - Yu Yan ding new nest. The temporary fei wu, the frequent language swallow, the first 2 words although the verb, but still the modified subject.
From Du Fu's "Tang Cheng":
The back of the Guo Hall is shaded with white grass, and the Yuanjiang Road is familiar with the green suburbs.
Alder forest hinders the sun with wind leaves, caged bamboo and smoke droplets.
For the time being, Fei Wu will count the number of children, and frequently yan Ding new nest.
The bystanders are mistakenly compared to Yang Xiongzhai, lazy and unintentional to make mockery.
4) The first 2 words indicate the season and direction
Cold weather - white crane return to The chinese table, sunset - green dragon see the water. In the cold season, the white crane - gui - Huabiao, at sunset, - green dragon - see - water.
From Du Fu's "Accompanying Li Qisima Soap river to build a bamboo bridge on the river... The Second Song of Jane Li Gong:
The bamboo is the same as the bridge structure, and the garment does not involve the passage.
The cold white crane returns to the Chinese table, and the sunset green dragon sees the water.
Gu I am not a pillar of the subject, and zhijun is Jichuan Gong.
Hehuan laughed at the millennium, driving the stone when to Haidong.
Another example: Today - the imperial court must be dark, the Central Plains - the general Will Remember Lianpo. Uplink today, table time; downlink Zhongyuan, table orientation geography.
2. The first 2 words are added to the verb, and the last 5 words become the target language
For example: Hugh monster - children extend the vulgar, do not teach - goose and duck annoy neighbors.
This is more special, the last 5 words (children-extension-layman) are the sentence form of the 2-1-2 subject-object structure, but they become the object language (object clause) of the first 2 words (Hu Wei), and the whole sentence becomes the predicate form (verb object structure).
From Du Fu's "There will be works on the way to Chengdu Caotang, first send Yan Zhenggong five songs":
Everywhere the Green River with white apples, the old garden is still seeing the remnants of spring.
The snowy mountains are waiting for no soldiers, and Jinli meets the master.
Hugh blames children for extending the vulgarity, and does not teach geese and ducks to annoy neighbors.
Xi Chi did not feel that the wind was exhausted, and the situation was renewed in Jingzhou.
This sentence is superficially similar to "temporarily stopping the number of flying wu will be counted", which can be compared:
Hugh blames the child Yan Vulgar Guest vs. Temporarily stop the number of flying Wu will be counted.
But from the rhythm of meaning, the former is a 2-5 moving guest structure: Hugh Wei - Children Yan Vulgar Guest; the latter is a 4-1-2 subject-object structure: temporarily stop Fei Wu - will - number.
3. Add modifiers to words 1 and 3
Beaded curtain embroidered pillars surrounded by yellow cranes, and brocade cable teeth raised white gulls. Remove the words 1 and 3 and simplify them to five sentences: curtain column - fence - yellow crane, cable tree - rise - white gull.
Words 1 and 3 modify the nouns that follow. s
From Du Fu's "Eight Songs of Autumn Xing":
Qutang Gorge mouth Qujiang head, thousands of miles of wind and smoke to meet Su Qiu.
Calyxes are connected to the city, and the hibiscus garden is worried.
Beaded curtain embroidered pillars surrounded by yellow cranes, and brocade cable teeth raised white gulls.
Looking back at the pitiful song and dance land, Qin Zhong has been an ancient imperial state since then.
4. Middle 3 or 4 words, plus modifiers or sentence forms
1) Add overlapping adjectives to modify the subject
Palace grass (slightly) undertakes to admire, furnace smoke (fine) stationed on the gossamer. Remove the middle 3 and 4 words, that is, the five sentences: gongcao - cheng - wei pei, furnace smoke - station - gossamer. Although the slight and thin are placed in the 3 and 4 positions, they are also modified subjects.
From the tang dynasty poet Du Fu's ancient poem "Xuanzheng Hall Retreats late out of the Left Tuo":
Tianmen Sun Shooting Gold List, Spring Hall Qingyu Akabane Banner.
The palace grass is slightly admired, and the furnace smoke is finely stationed in the gossamer.
Clouds near Penglai are often lustful, and snow residues are also frequent.
The attendant slowly returned to Qingzhuo, and withdrew from food calmly out every late.
2) Add sentence form table reasons
Pan-biscuit - the city is far from tasteless, bottle wine - poor only old pickles. Remove the words 3 and 4 and simplify them to five sentences: pannai - none - taste, bottle wine - only - old pickle. The city is far away and the family is poor, indicating that there is no part-time taste and only old pickles.
From Du Fu's "Kezhi":
The spring water in the north and south of the house is spring water, but the flock of gulls comes day by day.
The flower path has not been swept by guests, and the Pengmen gate is now open for the king.
PanYi City is far from tasteless, and the bottle restaurant is poor and only old.
Ken drank opposite his neighbor and called out the remaining cups across the fence.
3) Add adverbs to modify predicates
The new pine hate is not high, and the evil bamboo should be cut down. Remove the 3 and 4 words and simplify them to five sentences: new pine - high - thousand feet, evil bamboo - chopping - ten thousand rods. Hate no, should be modified predicate high, chopped.
From Du Fu's "Five Songs of Yan Zhenggong On the Way to Chengdu Caotang":
Often bitter sand collapses the medicine bar, and also falls from the river sills to the wind turbulence.
The new pine hate is not high, and the evil bamboo should be cut down.
Physiology only depends on Huang Ge's old age, and he wants to pay Zi Jindan.
Three years of running empty skin and bones, I believe that there are people who have difficulty walking.
Conclusion
The above three types of sentence forms are all based on the five-word verses, and the seven sentences are analyzed.
It can be seen that these three types of seven words have two more than five words, most of which are modifiers, which are used to modify the subject or predicate. Such modifiers are mostly imaginary words (verbs, adjectives, adverbs, etc.).
In fact, when we make the Seven Laws ourselves, it is often the case that a certain union has five words and extends them to seven words. At this time, the two words to be added, where to put them, what parts of speech to choose, what words to play, what ideas to express..... All show the power of a poet.
@Old Street Taste