Xin Wenfang, a scholar of the Yuan Dynasty, liked to establish biographies for poets, and he had a book "Biography of Tang Caizi", which included hundreds of poets of the Tang Dynasty and five generations, of which the late Tang dynasty poet Zhang Qiao was prominently listed. Zhang Qiao lived in seclusion in Jiuhua Mountain in his later years, writing poetry as a good thing, and Zhang Qiao held an important position in the poetry circle of the late Tang Dynasty, and was collectively known as the "Xiantong Ten Zhe" with Xu Tang, Zheng Gu and others. In his poems, the landscape is natural, the content is elegant, the behavior is high and bright, and it is admired by posterity, reflecting the folk customs and the recent situation of the late Tang Dynasty society, and the artistic value is super high. Today, we will enjoy the ten poems of the late Tang Dynasty poet Zhang Qiao, experience the noble personality of the poet and the spiritual connotation of the poem, I believe you will like it.
It is said that Zhang Qiao's family was poor, as a literati, the only way to solve the difficulties in life through entering the army was unsuccessful, and later became an ascetic who traveled in all directions, leaving Zhang Qiao's mark in Chang'an, Saibei, Northeast, Northwest, Southwest and other regions. Due to the scientific expedition, Zhang Qiao had to live in Chang'an for a long time, and this kind of life under the fence was bitter and desolate for him, but he was good at making friends, not only the literati who gathered in Chang'an, but also famous monks and famous monks, as well as emissaries from Japan and Silla, who practiced chess and formed a deep friendship, reflecting the deep love between them in a series of farewell poems.
In Chang'an for more than ten years, he endured hunger, but Zhang Qiao would go to the surrounding area of Chang'an and even the mainland border to play in his leisure time, and in the empty situation, he also chose to travel, in today's words, "poor travel". North to the north of the Great Wall, west of Tangshazhou, that is, near Dunhuang, south to Bashu, during the budget tour, he witnessed the great rivers and mountains of the mainland, the people's customs, the living conditions of the people, etc., came into contact with the lives of the people at the bottom, let them broaden their horizons, broaden their political horizons, and the arduous journey is his "good teacher and good friend", becoming a valuable spiritual wealth of his life experience. During the "budget tour", Zhang Qiao wrote many poems, all of which were what he saw and heard, and his emotions came from the heart, which played a role in "healing" his life experience.
During the "poor tour", Zhang Qiao's poems are exquisite, he examines the social sentiments and experiences the people's feelings, and in the poems, he condemns the suffering brought to the people by the national separatists and the warlords of the feudal towns, and praises the ideological feelings of the border cypriot people yearning for the Tang Dynasty, with realistic feelings. In addition, some of his poems outline the aspirations of members of the Chinese nation for reunification and look forward to peace, sing the common voice of the descendants of Yanhuang, carry forward the main theme of national reunification and national unity, and have strong patriotic feelings.
Later in Zhang Qiao's life, he chose to leave Chang'an and come to Jiuhua Mountain to live in seclusion. Because he was born in the chaotic world of the late Tang Dynasty, Huang Chao rebelled, resulting in the suspension of the examination, and he had to avoid the chaos of the war and come to Jiuhua Mountain to retreat. In the life of retreat, Zhang Qiao looked at everything, and had no desire for the pursuit of fame and fortune, his heart "quieted", toured the beautiful scenery, made friends with monks and laymen, and wrote poems to express the pioneering feelings of breaking away from "Vanity Fair". After years of busy chasing after the imperial family, he finally found the destination of life value and life ideals. Therefore, the retreat is a great good thing for Zhang Qiao's life, and the poetry of this period is sublimated from the connotation.
Homesickness is an enduring topic in mainland culture, due to special experience, Zhang Qiao in order to enter the shi, long-term residence in Chang'an, or to the frontier "budget travel", in the career of hopeless and tired life, his heart is sad and desolate, and this emotion is often intertwined with his hometown, so that the poet has a double sad feeling. As mentioned earlier, Zhang Qiao lived a reclusive life in the later period, and in the case of repeated blows on his path of seeking to enter the world, the heart of retreat was already obvious, coupled with the tragic situation of the living life, Zhang Qiao's poems have already reflected the meaning of retreat, and the later Huang Chao rebellion is just an opportunity to let him finally embark on a reclusive life.
In general, Zhang Qiao's poems are fresh and simple, with romantic tendencies, the theme is mainly lyrical, the poetic style tends to Jia Dao, and the poems that reflect social problems occupy a minority, and most of the themes are to vent the bitterness and resentment in the heart. In terms of writing, Zhang Qiao used to use scenery into the pen, clearly expressing the theme and the poet's vision. In terms of the use of imagery, Zhang Qiao is accustomed to using a sad mood, which is of course related to the theme of his poetry, and is also closely related to his state of mind, and uses the sad mood to highlight the poet's emotions at this moment. It is worth mentioning that Zhang Qiao also wrote magnificent poems, which were felt by seeing the mountains and rivers during his "budget tour", expressing his patriotic feelings and hopes for the revival of the dynasty.
It is undeniable that Zhang Qiao was a talented poet, but unfortunately he was born in the wrong era and failed to use his talent to serve the country. His poetic style has influenced many later poets, such as Zheng Gu, who built a bridge of Tang and Song poetry with his contemporaries, so that the traditional culture of the mainland can be passed on in an orderly manner. In addition, the friendship between Zhang Qiao and foreign friends is worthy of affirmation, and more importantly, he passed on the mainland culture to them, so that the long-established Chinese civilization can bloom brightly abroad.
Today, we will enjoy the ten poems of Zhang Qiao, a famous poet of the late Tang Dynasty, to experience the poet's sad mentality, and at the same time feel the helplessness of the poet, and read and understand deeply.