Standing in front of the supermarket shelves, washing powder, laundry detergent, laundry gel beads... A variety of brands, different price points of the products are dazzling; softeners, incense beads, anti-dye tablets... In addition to detergents, there are also a variety of washing aid products to choose from.
What are the differences between different detergents? Are care aids an IQ tax? "Life Times" (search for "LT0385" in WeChat to follow) interviews experts to answer your questions one by one.
Experts interviewed
Ding Xuejia, Professor, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology
Yang Xichuan, Professor of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital of Army Military Medical University
What is the difference between different detergents?
Most of the effective decontamination ingredients of laundry products are actually surfactants, and the difference between different products is mainly in the use experience and convenience.
1
washing powder
Laundry detergent is cheap, but the solubility is poor, it is not easy to rinse, and it will feel slightly warm when washing by hand, because it is more alkaline, and the skin is weakly acidic, so it will cause some irritation to the skin. Although it has a strong ability to remove stains, it will destroy the fibers of clothing.
Phosphorus-containing laundry detergent is not only not environmentally friendly, but also easy to remain, and is not suitable for washing close-fitting and children's clothing.
2
Laundry detergent
Laundry detergent has better solubility and is easier to rinse under conditions of low temperature or hard water washing. It uses non-ionic surfactants, the pH is nearly neutral, the contact with the skin is not irritating, it is not easy to hurt clothing, and it is more environmentally friendly.
It is suitable for all kinds of clothing, cost-effective, but the dosage is difficult to control, and it is not convenient to travel.
3
Laundry soap
The main ingredient of laundry soap is the fatty acid sodium salt, which is generated after a series of reactions with caustic soda with animal oils or vegetable oils, and is a typical anionic surfactant.
It has strong decontamination, but when it encounters sodium salts or magnesium salts in hard water, it will form a substance that is difficult to dissolve in water, deposited in the cracks of clothing fibers, which is not only difficult to rinse, but also may make light-colored clothes yellow.
4
Soap powder
The active substance raw materials in the soap powder are mostly derived from renewable vegetable oils, and the calcium soap dispersant has a strong decontamination effect, and the washing effect is not changed by the water temperature and softness.
Soap powder rinse is easy, not easy to remain, does not hurt the clothing fiber, suitable for washing intimate clothing and children's clothing, but not suitable for sweaters and wool. The disadvantage is that the penetration is low, and it should be soaked for about 10 minutes when washing.
5
Laundry gel beads
The essence of laundry gel beads is concentrated laundry detergent. The decontamination content of some concentrated laundry detergents can reach 30% to 40%, and the laundry gel beads are often as high as 80% to 90%, and the ingredient formula is more environmentally friendly.
The laundry gel beads are specially designed for machine washing, which is simple and convenient to operate, does not dirty hands, has strong cleaning ability and is easy to rinse. Compared with other laundry products, it is more convenient to use and carry.
Because the production cost is higher, its price is also more expensive, the average price is about 3 yuan per piece, it is suitable for washing multiple clothes at a time, if you only wash one or two pieces at a time, it is a bit wasteful.
Are the 3 laundry "accessories" useful?
Many people wash clothes, not only satisfied with "cleaning", but also supple, anti-static, long-lasting incense and other needs, all kinds of laundry supplies on the market is not IQ tax? How do they work?
Softener
Friction between clothes will produce static electricity, when the humidity in the air is high, moisture can divert the charge away and alleviate static electricity. The northern winter and spring climate is dry, and the polyester commonly used in cotton clothes and acrylic fabrics commonly used in sweaters have poor moisture absorption and are prone to static electricity.
The molecular structure of the softener is a positively charged hydrophilic group at one end and an oleophilic group at the other end, where poorly soluble lipophilic ends come together. After the clothes are dried, the active ingredients of the softener spread into a film on the surface of the fabric, reducing charge accumulation by reducing surface friction.
Leave incense beads
The incense beads use microencapsulation technology to seal the fragrance substance in small micron-level capsules to prevent the fragrance from evaporating rapidly or being oxidized.
During the washing process, the surface of the clothes will be covered with anions, and the small capsules of the incense beads will have a positive charge on the surface and can be "combined" with the fabric. After the clothes are dried, the scented substances in the capsules will slowly seep out of the capsules. External forces such as friction can also cause the microcapsule shell to crack and release the fragrance.
Stain-proof tablets
Anti-stain tablets can adsorb water-soluble dyes, just add them appropriately when mixing, and the colors will not be cross-dyed when the clothes are mixed.
Its color absorption principle is ion adsorption. Most of the anti-staining tablets are treated under alkaline conditions so that their surface is positively charged, so they have a strong adsorption effect on negatively charged dyes. Most of the wash-off dyes are negatively charged dyes.
Because the anti-dyeing tablet has a saturation adsorption amount, there is a limit to the adsorption of pigments, once the decolorization dye is greater than the adsorption amount of the masterbatche, there will still be a "string color" situation.
5 "stupid ways" to do laundry goodbye
Washing clothes is a technical task, after choosing the right detergent, you must also master the correct cleaning method. Here are some of these wrong laundry methods to see if you stepped on the thunder.
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Save a lot to wash together
A large number of clothes are washed together, it is not easy to make the laundry detergent fully touched, it is difficult to wash, and sweat stains remain on the clothes, if mixed with other clothes to be washed, the scope of pollution will expand.
It is recommended that the amount of laundry washed per time accounts for up to about 70% of the volume of the cylinder in the washing machine.
Soak a little longer before washing
Many people take a dip for hours before washing, or even for an evening. If the soaking time is too long, the chemicals in the laundry detergent and the stains in the clothes are more likely to decompose, may emit a foul smell, and the sewage will also enter the fibers of the clothing, causing it to fade and age.
Soak dirty clothes for 15 minutes, even heavy clothes are best not to exceed 30 minutes.
The water temperature for washing clothes is the same
After the clothing encounters water, the fibers will expand, wet, and stretch, and the temperature that the clothing can withstand is different due to the different heat resistance of the fibers that make up the clothing:
The optimal water temperature of cotton fabric is 40 °C ~ 50 °C;
The water temperature of wool clothing around 35 ° C is the most suitable;
When washing hemp clothing, the water temperature should be controlled at 30 ° C or below.
It is cleaner to put more laundry detergent
Too much laundry detergent is difficult to rinse clean, water-intensive and time-consuming, washing clothes are easy to harden, sensitive skin people may also cause skin problems.
The amount of laundry detergent can be placed according to the prompt on the packaging, slightly less, and if there is less foam, it will gradually increase. When you rinse for the last time, there is foam in the washing machine, or the clothes are obviously slippery to the touch, there may be residue and need to be re-rinsed.
Blood stains, oil stains, etc. can be used with enzyme laundry detergent; neckline, cuffs of sweat, can be special color bleaching powder and soaked in warm water for a while.
Do not dry immediately after washing
Many office workers throw their clothes in the washing machine in the morning and leave, and the clothes wait to come back in the evening to dry. Wet clothing can easily breed bacteria in the washing machine for a long time.
It should be removed to dry within 30 minutes after the end of laundry. Washed clothes are left in the washing machine for too long, it is recommended to wash them again. ▲
Editor: Wang Xiaoqing
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