Two days ago, a friend asked me, what are the fun places around Beijing? Absolutely! Here is not only fun, but also increase knowledge, 20 yuan to take you into the "World Locomotive Museum", to understand the history of China's railway locomotive development, this is the China Railway Museum East Suburbs Pavilion.
Today's railway, is an indispensable way of travel for us to travel, but also a country's economic artery, from 0.5 kilometers of "experimental railway" 150 years ago, to today's national "eight vertical and eight horizontal" dense railway road network, the history of China's railway development, but also witnessed China's century-old great changes from weak to rich and strong.
Perhaps many friends see that China is the "World Locomotive Museum", it is inevitable that there will be some doubts, looking at the trains running on the railway line today, where to see the shadow of the foreign locomotive, you have no problem with this question, but I am talking about the period from 1949 to the eighties and nineties.
At that time, the development of locomotives in the mainland was still relatively weak, in order to better fill the technical gap and ensure transportation production, the mainland had purchased steam locomotives, internal combustion locomotives and electric locomotives from nearly a dozen countries such as the Soviet Union, France, the United States, Japan, Romania, etc. It is not too much to call China at that time the "World Train Museum".
Of course, these foreign "ancestry" locomotives, in addition to the normal transportation function, another important role is scientific research, to put it simply, is to disassemble the research, the research results are used for the development of China's own models, of course, the purchase of locomotives there is only one standard, that is, whose level of advanced level to buy whose locomotive. From another point of view, this also laid the foundation for China's development of advanced locomotives.
Zhu De and Mao Zedong locomotives, I think many people will not be unfamiliar. They were all born out of the gunfire of the Liberation War.
In 1946, in order to support the War of Liberation and alleviate the shortage of railway capacity, the Harbin locomotive maintenance section, under the leadership of our party, repaired the locomotives destroyed by the Japanese invaders, called the "Dead Car Resurrection" operation, after 27 days and nights of unremitting efforts by railway workers, the first steam locomotive was finally repaired, and in October 1946, it was approved by the Northeast Bureau of the Party Central Committee and officially named "Mao Zedong". In November of the same year, the second locomotive newly repaired was named "Jude". These two locomotives can be regarded as the treasures of the town hall in the locomotive museum, and belong to the national first-class cultural relics.
In the early 1970s, the mainland began the process of transforming from a steam locomotive to an internal combustion locomotive, although at that time the Dongfeng type diesel locomotive had been developed in China, but the technology was relatively backward. In order to make up for the shortage of domestic internal combustion locomotives and break through technical barriers, in 1971, the mainland imported 50 internal combustion locomotives produced by the French company Alstom and was designated as "ND4". All 50 of these units were allocated to the Beijing Fengtai Locomotive Depot and served the Fengsha Line, Jingshan Line and other lines.
If you like American dramas, then the shape of this locomotive must look familiar to you. This is the C36-7 locomotive produced by General Motors of the United States, called the ND5 in China. From 1984 to 1986, the Ministry of Railways imported two batches of 422 locomotives from General Motors. The price of the single machine is as high as 980,000 US dollars. Many friends see this will ask, listened to half a day, the original people's locomotives have models, ah, why to the country and then renamed themselves? Yes, in fact, our model code is not blind, but according to the type and transmission method. For example, the "N" in the ND5 represents the internal combustion locomotive, the "D" represents the electric drive, and the "5" represents the fifth imported diesel locomotive model.
In 1980, with the relaxation of Sino-Soviet relations, Sino-Soviet trade gradually resumed. In May 1986, China and the Soviet Union signed a plan to introduce 100 8G electric locomotives, the first locomotive rolled off the production line at the end of 1987, and all locomotives were delivered at the end of 1990. The number of electric locomotives is different from that of internal combustion locomotives, and the "8" in 8G means that the locomotive has 8 shafts, and the "G" represents the rectification of silicon semiconductors. At that time, these 100 locomotives were allocated to the Taiyuan North Electric Locomotive Depot of the Beijing Railway Bureau, and 60 were allocated to undertake the Shitai Railway, and 40 Taipei were operated with the railway.
In my opinion, the most expensive imported locomotive is the 8K locomotive produced by the French company Alstom. When I first saw it, I was attracted by its dazzling orange-red color, so it was affectionately called "French Orange" among car fans, and it was also the locomotive with the greatest impact on China's electric locomotive industry. In 1987, we introduced a total of 150 8G locomotives, each priced at up to 12 million yuan, with a total transaction volume of more than 300 million US dollars. So do you know why it's so expensive? The reason is that we have bought all the technical drawings, we have digested and absorbed a large number of advanced technologies of 8K type electric locomotives, not only greatly improved the technical level and quality of China's domestic electric locomotives, but also promoted the development of domestic locomotive design ideas, project management and supporting technologies, and later had a positive impact on the development and improvement of domestic electric locomotives such as Shaoshan 4, Shaoshan 5 and Shaoshan 6.
What do you think? This museum is kind of interesting, right? There are nearly 100 locomotives in the collection of the China Railway Museum, and each locomotive has its own story. This museum is located on the north side of Jiuxian Bridge in Chaoyang District, Beijing, close to the China Film Museum, this Qingming small holiday to see here, I am sure you will be worth the trip. In addition, the ticket here is 20 yuan, and the railway staff, the elderly, and the children are still half tickets!
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