As the more and more common "IVF" becomes more and more popular, everyone's understanding of assisted reproduction methods is becoming clearer and clearer. Even many TV series or movies frequently mention professional reproductive terms such as "induction of injections", "IVF", and "premature ovarian failure". So now people say, what is the difference between the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th generations of IVF?
IVF: In layman's terms, it is said that sperm and eggs are combined and then transplanted in vitro, and the uterine cavity is a technique for human pregnancy. Compared with natural pregnancy, only the fertilization method is done in vivo, and one is done in vitro, and once all pregnancy reactions after pregnancy, obstetric examination and delivery method are exactly the same as natural pregnancy.
Ivy IVF 1, also known as in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). This is the assisted reproductive technology that most of the reproductive centers in China can do, and it is also the technology with the largest number of cycles and the most uses. In layman's terms, egg retrieval and sperm labs give them the freedom to combine. It is generally aimed at female infertility. The disadvantage is that for men with weak sperm, deformity and oligospermia, they cannot solve the problem of conception.
2nd generation IVF, also known as intracytoplasmic sperm microinjection (ICSI). That is, during the fertilization process, the sperm is injected into the oocyte to allow the sperm and egg to combine. And only a few sperm are needed, which improves the infertility caused by the man's sperm problem. The success rates of the first and second generations are not significantly different in the major mature reproductive centers.
IVF 3rd generation, preimplantation genetic diagnostic/screening techniques (PGD/PGS). The three-generation IVF steps are the same as those of the first and second generations, but in the process of breeding after the combination of sperm and eggs, the external cells of the embryos are extracted for chromosomal screening and high-quality and healthy embryo transfer is selected. This will not only improve the success rate and protect the health of the child, but also avoid the phenomenon of miscarriage, fetal cessation and biochemistry caused by genetic embryos.
The 3rd generation IVF technique can analyze the sex of the embryo, but if it does not involve sex chromosomal diseases, domestic policy doctors will not tell. Moreover, the mainland's restrictions on couples applying for 3rd generation IVF techniques are very strict, and only a very small number of families who are unable to have healthy children due to physical genetic diseases or chromosomal abnormalities can apply. At present, Thailand and the United States have no restrictions, which is why many people choose to go to Thailand for test tubes.
IVF 4th generation, blastocyst transfer technique (GVT). By doing nucleus replacement between aging eggs and young eggs, using the genes of aging eggs plus the cytoplasm of young eggs to synthesize new eggs, we can better cope with the problem of aging eggs and improve the pregnancy possibilities of older women. However, because the eggs of older women are usually aging, the nucleus also faces the problem of aging, so the current clinical success rate is not high, but the cost is not cheap.
The main problems solved by the 4th generation ivy tube are the woman's advanced age and egg cell aging. With the help of other people's dominant follicles, the original inferior follicles are "shelled", and the generation of high-quality embryos is finally guaranteed (and the genes are still between husband and wife). At present, the 4th generation IVF technology is still very controversial and has not been promoted clinically.
To summarize the above simply, it is:
A generation of test tubes: sperm + egg + transplantation of the uterine cavity, for women's infertility problems. (For women who are infertile and do not know the degree of health)
Second-generation test tube: sperm + egg + single sperm injection technology + transplantation uterine cavity, for men with oligospermia, weak sperm, teratology and other male infertility problems. (For the man's infertility, do not know the degree of health)
Three generations of test tubes: sperm + egg + single sperm injection technology + embryo screening + transfer of uterine cavity, for all families who want a healthier baby, as well as families who cannot have healthy children and avoid genetic diseases. (All populations, know how healthy they are)
Four generations of test tubes: sperm + self-aging eggs + donor eggs Young eggs + embryo screening + transplantation of the uterine cavity (if the nucleus of the own egg cells is severely aging, it also faces no healthy embryos available, and there is no popularity at present) (older ovarian decline people)