Jimu news reporter Di Xin
Video clip Di Xin
Correspondent Lan Yongli
On the shore of the beautiful Wuchang South Lake, there is a beautiful and exquisite museum - the building building is located on the mountain, the glazed tiles on the house outline the flying ridge eaves, and the courtyard integrates the garden of southern China and the architectural elements of ethnic minorities in one, which looks like an innocent jade from a distance, which is the Ethnology Museum of South Central University for Nationalities.
The Minzu University Museum incorporates a style of garden architecture
The Museum of Ethnology of South Central University for Nationalities, formerly known as the Museum of Ethnic Minority Cultural Relics of South Central University for Nationalities, was founded in 1955 and is the first professional museum in mainland China named "Museum of Ethnology". It is also a national tertiary museum, a national science popularization education base, and a national ethnic unity and progress education base.
Ethnic minority clothing and tools of life
At present, the museum has collected 10,510 pieces (sets) of cultural relics in the south of the mainland, mainly zhuang, Miao, Li, Tujia, Yao and other ethnic groups, including production tools, living utensils, clothing, literary and historical archives, religious artifacts, calligraphy and paintings and other aspects of various ethnic groups. Many of them can be called treasures and orphans, with high academic value and historical value.
Mask
The Museum of Ethnology has opened up seven exhibition halls, namely "Beauty and Commonality", "Memory of Wuling", "Strange Craftsmanship", "Coconut Wind and Sea Rhyme", "Icing on the Cake", "Under the Maple Tree", and "Colorful Neon Dress", with different styles and decorations. In one step, you can appreciate the rich and colorful traditional culture and customs of the ethnic minorities on the mainland. There is no shortage of college students and off-campus tourists looking for the roots and tracing the origins here, exploring the true meaning of the Chinese national cultural spirit.
On March 17, Jimu News reporters followed the footsteps of Liu Weiguo, executive deputy director of the Museum of Ethnology of South Central University for Nationalities, and toured this unusual museum to feel the colorful national culture.
"Which of the tens of thousands of items in the collection is the treasure of the town hall?" In response to a question from the Jimu news reporter, Liu Weiguo, deputy director of the museum, had another opinion, saying: "The museum is not a treasure cabinet, it is equivalent to a cultural institution. For me, every piece of the collection is a treasure, and the value of the collection should not be divided into three, six, nine, etc., but lies in the cultural integrity it represents, even if it is very ordinary, but there is an irreplaceable cultural memory behind it. Under the guidance of Director Liu, the reporter wrote down this "the best in the museum" while touring.
Brass drum
The rarest exhibit: Han Dynasty Cantonese copper drums
In the center of the exhibition hall of "Beauty and Harmony", there is a northern flow type copper drum with a diameter of about one meter, which belongs to the Cantonese copper drum, which was made from the Han Dynasty to the Southern Dynasty period and was collected from the Li area.
According to Liu Weiguo, in modern times, the drum is a musical instrument, while in ancient times, the brass drum, as a ceremonial instrument, symbolized the identity and status of the owner, and the frog and sun patterns on the drum surface also had special cultural significance. "The sun symbolizes the growth of all things, the frog represents the abundance of rain, and the four frogs on the drum face are people praying for the wind and rain to be smooth. In addition, the frog's ability to reproduce is strong, which is related to the ancient people's desire to reproduce and grow the ethnic group, and the copper drum reflects people's yearning for a better life. Liu Weiguo introduced.
Liu Weiguo explained that the copper drum is divided into the Dian and Guangdong systems, the production method is complex, the Cantonese copper drum was concentrated in the Han Dynasty Southern and Northern Dynasties period, the preservation is relatively rare, and the Yunnan copper drum is still in production until the Ming and Qing Dynasties, so the folk preservation of the Dian copper drum is more. At present, the Museum of Ethnology exhibits a Cantonese copper drum on one side and a three-sided Dian copper drum.
Kyo costumes
The longest collection: the 8-meter-long Ancestral Figure of the She
In the same exhibition hall, the ancestral figure of the She ethnic group placed next to the copper drum is almost the longest collection in the whole museum, it is a serial portrait with a total length of about 8 meters, with bright colors and complete preservation.
She is one of the ethnic minorities with few Chinese mouths, mainly distributed in Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Anhui five provinces, shezu map recorded in the she's ancestral map is widely spread in the she's legend about the "pan": according to legend, the ancestor of the she tribe, Pan Wan, because he helped the emperor calm down foreign troubles, was able to marry his third princess, moved to the mountains after marriage, and gave birth to three men and a daughter. The eldest son is surnamed Pan, the second son is surnamed Lan, the third son is surnamed Lei, and the son-in-law is surnamed Zhong, and the descendants gradually reproduce into today's She. When the Shes hold ancestral worship ceremonies, they will hang ancestral figures on the wall and worship devotion. Zutu worship is an important reflection of the totem beliefs of the early clan commune period of the She.
Liu Weiguo introduced that this ancestral map of the She ethnic group is the original of the Qing Dynasty, which is painted on cotton cloth using natural mineral raw materials, and the characters in the painting should wear Ming Dynasty costumes, which is in contrast with the modern and modern she's clothing style, and the ethnic style reflected in the ancestral map of the She ethnic group is also of great cultural research value.
Jing gold silk embroidered couplet
The Jing gold silk embroidery couplet in the museum is the "peace blessing" used by the Jing people to worship the sea god, do things, and bless the fishermen to go to sea safely, and is embroidered with the intangible cultural heritage technique - pan gold embroidery. Liu Weiguo introduced that the Jing people migrated from Vietnam, the Jing people in China are mainly distributed in Fangchenggang City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, is the only marine ethnic group in China, but it is deeply influenced by Han culture, this Jing gold silk rust couplet is written on the Chinese characters, and the color of red and gold is also similar to the Han people's preferences.
Tujia carved furniture three drops of waterbed
The largest collection: the Tujia three-drop waterbed
The three-drop waterbed in the Tujia exhibition hall is one of the treasures of the town hall treasured by the Ethnology Museum, and the one in the museum collection is an original from the Qing Dynasty, collected from Yongshun in Xiangxi in 1988.
The drip bed is the marriage bed of the Tujia family, borrowing the meaning of the eaves dripping, is a metaphorical statement, in fact, it is a layered structure, the three-drop water bed means the bed of three layers, and another explanation refers to the Tujia girl when she gets married, she has to sit on the bed and cry for marriage, taking the meaning of tears ticking, so the name is the drip bed.
The three-drop water bed in front of you is 2.68 meters high, 2.51 meters deep, the inner bunk is 2.1 meters long and 1.4 meters wide, and the whole bed is not made of a nail or a drop of glue, but all of them are connected by the traditional tenon and tenon structure.
Three drops of water bed from a distance like a separate small room, very private, safe, the whole bed is carved from Nan wood, magnificent, exquisite craftsmanship, a carved bed, often take several years, after hundreds, thousands of days and nights. Most of the carved patterns on the bed have the meaning of "taking a harmonious sound to symbolize auspiciousness". The lotus flower symbolizes the lotus birth of a noble son, the golden melon means that the melon is long, the bat means that the blessing has arrived at home, and the vase is inserted with lotus flowers and three halberds, which means "peace and security, three levels in a row". Liu Weiguo said: "This is how the industrious Tujia people carved their yearning for life into wood and melted into every piece of living furniture. ”
Tujia brocade
The wisdom and ingenuity of the Tujia people does not stop there. The colorful Tujia "Silan Kapu" in the exhibition hall is unique in the national tapestry, "Silan Kapu" means flower cover, Tujia girls are good at "reverse weaving, front looking", the girls keep the pattern in mind, only through oral transmission of the way to produce inheritance, artistic talent and spiritual ingenuity can be seen.
The subtlety of the ethnological museum is far more than this, the Li people on Hainan Island through the carving (ancient text symbol prototype) recorded on the rattan, wooden blocks of the early human "IOU", to provide us with a detailed picture of social life in the era of carved wood chronicles; there are virtual reality, interactive experience and other "Internet + Chinese civilization" modern display methods, so that national cultural relics can be seen, touchable, playable, the cultural relics collected in the museum are also "alive".
As Deputy Director Liu Weiguo said, every piece of the collection is a treasure, you may wish to get close to the cultural relics and listen to their own cultural memories behind it.