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Lead is one of the earliest metals used by humans, and we recognized the existence of lead as early as 7,000 years ago, and we learned to extract lead from ores 5,000 years ago. In modern times, lead has become an indispensable metal in industry.
In 1921, the United States General Motors Company has a named Mitchley engineer, found that adding lead to gasoline can be a good solution to the problem of engine knocking, so leaded gasoline was born, in 1923, leaded gasoline began to promote on a large scale, the use of leaded gasoline makes the car exhaust constantly emit lead, pollute the atmosphere, and then pollute the soil, water and crops.
Lead is very harmful to the human body, it can enter the human body through inhalation, ingestion and skin, as a heavy metal, it is difficult to be metabolized to exclude the body, it takes about 4-5 years to be completely metabolized. Lead is generally distributed in the liver, kidneys, brain, after a few weeks will be transferred to the bones in the form of insoluble lead phosphate, if the body is recently deficient in calcium or infected, the lead in the bones will be released into the bloodstream, high levels of blood lead will erode brain cells through the blood-brain barrier, interfering with the transmission of signals of the central nervous system.
And children are the biggest victims of lead pollution, this is because children's metabolic rate itself is slower than adults, metabolic time may be 5-8 times that of adults, it takes decades to fully metabolize, and children's digestive tract absorption rate of lead is greater, 42-53%, 5-10 times that of adults, in addition, children's brain barrier is not sound, lead is more likely to enter the brain, causing brain damage. At present, the number of children in mainland China whose blood lead level exceeds the standard is 31.23 million.
Because of this, in 1996, the United States began to ban the use of leaded gasoline, and by 2000, the mainland also banned leaded gasoline. Although leaded gasoline has only been used for a few decades, it has caused serious damage to the environment and the human body.
Scientists at the University of Florida in the United States want to understand the impact of lead on the IQ level of Americans, conducted a series of investigations, they published the results in the top journal "National Academy of Sciences Journal", they found that lead in car exhaust is the "culprit" to increase human blood lead levels, making the average American IQ drop by 2.6 points, becoming more "stupid".
The researchers found that more than 170 million people (>53%) had blood lead levels above 5 g/dL (alert level) in childhood, which was particularly common among people born between 1951 and 1980 (>90%), and even more than 4.5 million people had blood lead levels above 30 g/dL, which has reached the level of moderate lead poisoning.
The researchers also found a significant positive correlation between blood lead levels and a decline in IQ, while children with the highest blood lead levels (>30 g/dL) had an average IQ drop of 7.4 points, eight times higher than those with the lowest levels of blood lead.
Lead author of the study, Dr Michael McFarland, said: "Frankly, when I saw the numbers, I was shocked even though I was prepared. ”
While it doesn't look like an average 7.4-point reduction in IQ is harmful, it's enough to keep those with IQ that are already below average (IQ).
Car exhaust contains not only lead, but also carbon monoxide. Time Pie has reported on a study on the relationship between carbon monoxide concentrations in automobile exhaust and lifespan, and found that carbon monoxide will accelerate aging, and the safe concentration of carbon monoxide stipulated by China is 4 mg/m per day, and even if the carbon monoxide is 1/6 of the safe concentration, the daily mortality rate will still rise by more than 0.2%. Cherish life and stay away from exhaust.
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