How can humanity scientifically improve cognition through the three core models of understanding itself and the world?

Life is varied, the patterns are numerous, and they vary from person to person, but no matter how changeable the pattern of life is, our love and hate, our perception of the world, will always be calculated in the brain. What objective laws does the human brain follow? That's what cognitive science strives for.

Core mode

There are three core models: cognitive systems, emotional systems, and motivational systems, which constitute the three core models of human understanding of themselves and the world.

"Cognitive systems" are the core systems that we process and give feedback to outside information. Cognitive scientist Keith Stanovich divides the human mind into three centers of gravity: the autonomous mind, the algorithmic mind, and the introspective mind. The autonomous mind is affected by both evolutionary and implicit learning, such as being afraid when it sees a snake, or learning to ride a bicycle without thinking; the algorithmic mind is the ability of iq tests in the traditional sense, such as memory, processing speed and logical reasoning; the introspective mind mainly refers to the monitoring of human mental processes to help perform decisions and judgments, such as metacognition and cognitive bias.

The "emotional system" refers to our subjective perceptions of our own cognitive experiences. The latest theory of emotions comes from neuroscientist Dr. Lisa Federman Barrett, who points out that emotions are not original, emotions are constructed by you and me; emotions are not your response to the world, it is the brain's understanding of what is happening in the body, related to what is happening in the world so that it can figure out what to do next; emotions do not "come" to you, emotions are created by you; emotions originate from how your body reacts and how to understand the external world, It is the product of the combination of these two things.

The "motivation system" is the fuel and food that sustains our actions. In the 21st century, "self-determinism" has replaced the three classical theories of traditional motivational psychology. Human motivation is divided into external and internal, and the "external motivation" represented by fame, reward and punishment is represented; the "internal motivation" is represented by interest and curiosity. At the same time, in order to achieve happiness, human beings are always pursuing three basic psychological needs: a sense of autonomy, a sense of competence, and a sense of belonging.

The biggest difference between humans and animals is cognition, and the biggest difference between people is also.

Let's start by understanding two concepts, knowledge and wisdom.

Knowledge: Knowledge is conscious, symbolic and structured information, an understanding of the correlation, causality and logical relationship of things, the knowledge and experience obtained by people in practice, and the information that can be put into action. Knowledge is divided into declarative knowledge and procedural knowledge, and declarative knowledge is knowledge about facts, concepts, principles, laws, etc., that is, "knowing something". Procedural knowledge is knowledge about procedures and strategies, i.e. "how to do it".

Wisdom: Wisdom is the ability to discern, judge, invent and create. Wisdom is a comprehensive embodiment of human intelligence such as IQ, emotional intelligence, and inverse quotient. Some people are very smart but not wise, and some people don't have a high IQ, but they have great wisdom. Just like the people who have achieved great things in this world, they are not necessarily the people with the highest IQ.

For example, the "Cooper Learning Circle" that elevates knowledge and experience to wisdom is just a knowledge in itself, and if you memorize it, will you have the wisdom of the "Cooper Learning Circle"? not necessarily.

Before we learned the Cooper Learning Circle, the owner of this knowledge was "Cooper". Memorize it, and the owner of this knowledge has one more "me". Do I have wisdom after memorizing the Cooper learning circle? The most crucial step is whether I have internalized the "Cooper Learning Circle" as a part of my body, improved my personal learning ability, and helped me solve learning problems. Only when I have mastered this level can "knowledge" be called transformed into my own "wisdom." Therefore, from now on, what we want is not the superposition of knowledge, but the growth of wisdom.

Learning ability is an accelerator that helps us quickly transform "knowledge" into "wisdom", which allows us to quickly improve our intelligence.

The ability to learn is our ability to quickly improve our intelligence.

David Cooper based on summarizing the model of John Dewey, Kurt Leuve and Piaget's experiential learning, that is, the Cooper learning circle. He believes that the experiential learning process is a circular structure composed of four adaptive learning stages, including concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active practice.

The Cooper Learning Circle "conforms to the cognitive laws of human brain learning." Any learning process should follow the "Cooper Learning Circle", through which the "Cooper Learning Circle" should improve cognitive effectiveness and thus improve learning ability.

1. Specific experience: The starting point of learning is first of all from people's experience, which can be direct experience, that is, people gain a certain perception by doing something. It can also be indirect experience, because it is impossible to "experience" everything in the world once in a limited life cycle.

2. Observational reflection: With "experience", the next logical process of learning is to "reflect" on the experience gained, that is, people recall, screen, integrate, share and so on on on about the "knowledge fragments" in the process of experience. Classify, organize, and memorize "limited experience."

3. Abstract conceptualization, people with a certain theoretical knowledge background and a certain theoretical generalization ability will theoretically systematize and theorize the results of reflection, and this process will enter the third stage of learning - "theorization", if the first two stages are sufficient conditions for the acquisition of knowledge, then this stage of learning is a sufficient and necessary condition for the acquisition of knowledge. Cooper believes that "the acquisition of knowledge stems from the sublimation and theorization of experience" In the theoretical stage, the learner has a lot of work to do, including temporarily "opening" the analytical framework of the past, that is, some kind of "application" similar to some kind of "application" from the brain", to process the reflective conclusions, that is, the relevant text, and get the desired results.

4. Active practice: The last stage of the learning circle is the "action practice" stage, which can be said to be the application and consolidation stage of the acquired knowledge, and it is to test whether the learner is really "applying what he has learned" or whether he has achieved the effect of learning. If new problems are found in the action, the learning cycle has a new starting point, which means that a new round of learning circles begins to move again. It is in this constant cycle of learning that people's knowledge grows

Due to the "difference" of each person's internal character and temperament, as well as the "difference" of life, work experience, and educational knowledge background, it leads to the "inconsistency" of each learner's "learning style". According to The Cooper Learning Circle Theory, learners' learning styles can be roughly divided into four categories: experiential learners, reflective learners, theoretical learners, and applied learners

The complete learning process includes four stages of concrete experience - reflective observation - abstract conceptualization - active practice, following this learning process, people learn more effectively, the learning results will be retained for a longer time, and it will also help to develop more effective behavioral skills. It conforms to the laws of human cognition, increases learning ability, and improves cognitive efficiency.