Poet and his poem, which is more true?
If the poet refers to the human body as the subject of experience, it is clear that his poetry is more real, because the human body changes every moment until it dies and disappears one day, and his poetry will live forever as long as the language exists.
As a reader, every time we read, we are awakening the poem, entering the aesthetic space of the poem, and even allowing our hearts to inhabit it.
In this issue, we read a few poems "Nanxiangzi", and each capital is a natural picture. Lychees, hammers, plantains, elephants, these southern scenery, exotic style, with the body of bamboo branches, Yan Ya pen out, is particularly fascinating.
Written by | Three books
Tender grass like smoke
"Nanxiangzi"
(5th generation) Ouyang Jiong
Tender grass like smoke, pomegranate flowers hair hainan sky.
Sunset River Pavilion Spring Shadow, Mandarin Duck Bath,
The water is far away from the mountains long to see insufficient.
Nanxiangzi, the name of the Tang Jiaofang song, was later used as a word brand name, monotonous (that is, not divided into upper and lower pieces), with twenty-seven fonts, twenty-eight fonts and thirty fonts. Ouyang Jiong's "Nanxiangzi" is in twenty-eight fonts.
When we read the words again, we will first notice the transformation of the rhyme foot, the first two sentences use flat rhymes, and the last three sentences use rhymes. The transformation of flat rhyme produces the feeling of fragmentation or segmentation, that is, in the large time and space of a word, the hour and space are cut out, more intuitively, it is to change the scenery with rhymes.
The words are clear and pure, just like the spring of the southern country, this little order does not need to be interpreted, we just need to follow the text to watch, to linger. Regardless of where "Hainan" is, in short, in the far and charming south. If we go to such a place ourselves, we should see different scenes, even if we see the scenery like a lens, if we are asked to write a poem each, I believe that everyone will say differently.
There are no characters in the words, it is purely landscapes, but we know that the poet is the one who sees the landscape, and when we read the poem and imagine, we also follow his perspective including the feeling of the words. Tender grass, pomegranate flowers, river pavilions, spring shadows, mandarin ducks, landscapes, the poet pointed these things to us one by one, and described them one by one, thus creating a space. This space is not only a geographical space, but also a hidden space for things, and it is also an emotional space in which the poet exists in that present.
For the reader, it's a text space, an aesthetic space. When we enter it, each word triggers personal memories and imaginations, so that this text space is transformed into an infinite number of different aesthetic spaces in reading. This is the mystery of reading, and the mystery of all things.
Shi Tao's "Jiangnan Spring Mist Map"
The painting ship stops
Painting boat stops radial, hibiscus hedge outside the bamboo cross bridge.
The woman on the sand on the water, looking back,
Laughing finger to live in the banana forest.
Ouyang Jiong, the fifth generation of poets of the late Tang Dynasty, was born in Yizhou (present-day Chengdu, Sichuan), gong poetry, especially long fillers, good at playing the flute, and is famous for eight "Nanxiangzi". The Quan Tang Poetry commented: "Ouyang Jiong's "Nanxiangzi" is the most skilled. ”
This song has characters, and the scenery is even more beautiful. Painting the ship stops, you may imagine that the boat is sitting on the poet. He anchored his boat here, perhaps attracted by the scenery in front of him, "Bamboo Crossing Bridge Outside the Hibiscus Hedge". In the south, hibiscus is planted as a hedge, with lush foliage and purple flowers, either shallow or deep. Outside the hibiscus fence, there is a bamboo bridge.
"Swimmers on the sand", tourists in the water, women on the shore, a poem let them meet. They may or may not talk. The action of "reviewing" is thrilling, and in ancient times it often disturbed the rhythm of the human world. Isn't the Zhen family lady in "Dream of the Red Chamber" a good relationship with Jia Yu Village because of a review?
The woman on the sand not only reviews, but also "laughs and points to live in the banana forest", innocent and lovely, the mood is like a situation, how can the people on the water not be moved? The house in the banana forest should be so warm. In this last sentence, it seems that you can see the woman's face and hear her crisp laughter.
Ming Luzhi's "Map of Stone Lake" (partial)
Cave entrance whose home
Cave mouth who home, Mulan boat is magnolia flower.
The girl with the red sleeves leads to go, touring Nampo,
Smile and lean on the spring breeze to talk to each other.
This song goes a step further, and tourists land on the shore and swim with the woman.
"Magnolia boat is magnolia flower", magnolia boat, magnolia flower, tied together, the sound and rhyme overlap, reading it will feel happy. Zhang Zao's poem "Heaven wants to fall leaves, and the tree wants to cry", shouldn't it be that the tree wants to fall leaves? Yes, but poetry is all about moving verbs and creating a defamiliarized beauty.
The German-speaking poet Celan went a long way in this regard, and words that seemed to be out of reach were put together by him as if they were creation, or by rearranging the order of words, he invented his own unique poetic language. For example: "Autumn eats its leaves from our hands", "Your shadow molts you in the bushes", "It is spring, and the trees fly to their birds". Reading such a verse, there is no need to rush to ask what it means, and the beauty of the sentence itself is touching.
Back to the word. "Red-sleeved girl", Jiang village women or wear red clothes, or not, in classical literature, red sleeves refer to beauty. "Travel to Nanpu, laughing and leaning on the spring wind to talk about", the concluding sentence seems to be a distant scene, with a perspective effect, quite spare thoughts.
Yun Shouping's "Jiangnan Spring Intention"
The road enters South Central
The road into the south middle, the leaves of the hammer are dark and red.
After the light rain on both sides of the strait, they harvest red beans,
The bottom of the tree is fibrous lifting the hands.
It is a palm plant, also known as "sugar coconut", which is common in the roadsides, parks and residential areas of Guangzhou and Shenzhen. Just like Li Qingzhao saw the banana tree and wrote a poem praising: "Whoever planted the banana tree in front of the window, the yin is full of atrium, and the yin is full of atrium." Ye Ye has a heart, and Shu Roll has residual feelings. "Plantains, palms, hammers, these trees with huge leaves and bizarre shapes, when I first saw them, I was amazed and still are.
Ouyang Jiong's "Nanxiangzi" group of words is not about what he wants to express, he just loves things with pure language, those natural but extraordinary things. On the way into the south middle, I saw "the dark indigo flower red of the maple leaf". Indigo is also a common weed in the south, also known as water indigo or otter, light purple red, small flowers, holding stems, spike-shaped. Both the hammer and the lotus flower are exotic scenes that the poet saw on the way.
The three sentences after the rhyme write the scene of the villagers collecting red beans, which is very life-like. After the light rain, the leaves flashed wet, and people on both sides of the strait laughed and shouted, "Harvest red beans, the bottom of the tree fibers raise the hands", red beans, plain hands, really delicate and clean. Li Bai wrote in "Midnight Wu Ge Spring Song": "On the plain hand green strip, red makeup is white and fresh", red makeup refers to the makeup of the mulberry girl, and the color contrast can be described as the same as this word.
Shen Zhou's "Album of Dongzhuang" (partial)
Take the color boat and cross the lotus pond
(Five generations) Li Xun
Take the color boat, cross the lotus pond,
Song startled the sleeping Mandarin duck.
The wandering girl with flowers snuggled and laughed,
Compete for the evening light of the field lotus.
The late Tang Dynasty five-generation poet Li Xun, whose ancestors came to China during the Sui Dynasty, changed his surname to Li in the early Tang Dynasty, entered Shu during the Anshi Rebellion, and settled in Zizhou (present-day Santai, Sichuan). Li Xun composed a total of seventeen songs of "Nanxiangzi", also chanting the southern wilderness, writing jingji customs, and Ouyang Jiongsheng is homophonous. Slightly different, Li Xun's words are all in thirty fonts.
This poem is a fragment of the life of a young girl in the water village, vaguely Li Qingzhao's "Like a Dream Order" (often remembering the sunset of Xiting). Riding on the color boat, flooding the lotus pond, the song startled the sleeping Mandarin duck. When Yi An was young, he and his female companions were more frank and wild, they were not singing and rafting, but "fighting for the ferry, fighting for the ferry, and startling a beach of gulls and herons".
As the sun sets, the women in the middle of the boat bring lotus flowers and snuggle with laughter. Lotus flowers on the face of the person, as written in the poem of Wang Changling of the Tang Dynasty: "The lotus leaf luo skirt is cut in one color, and the hibiscus opens to both sides of the face." The girls competed to fold the lotus leaves and cover their faces. "Contention" means that they still do not forget their posture, this sentence is either a poet's song to increase their charm, or the water town woman is really so charming.
Wu Hufan"Lotus Mandarin Duck Diagram"
Tilt green ants, reddish snails
Green ants, red snails,
Idle female companions to sing songs.
Summer letter ship in the light waves,
Idle games, sandwich shore litchi red dipped in water.
This song also writes about the life scene of a woman swinging a boat, and the words are full of cheerful atmosphere.
The new wine is blazed with green ants and poured into a red conch shell cup, which is literal, not poetry. "Green ants, red snails", the sound of the voice, the rhythm of the action, the glow of the color, this is the poetry. I have never drunk red snail green ant wine, but it reminds me of another poem by Celan, "We sleep, like wine in a conch shell, the sea in the blood-colored moonlight." ”
Idle to invite female companions to sing songs, the word "idle" is very good, non-utilitarian, aimless, is a state of freedom and inaction. When I was a child, we also had a lotus pond on the river beach, there were reeds, and in the summer afternoon, the female companions often played there, and they also competed for the evening photos of the lotus cover, singing and walking on the embankment together.
"In the light waves of the summer letter ship", the heat steamed, and the boat seemed to be asleep, shaking with the light waves. Girls "idle games", do not play for the sake of games, quiet as in a dream. Sandwich lychees, full of dan fruits, hanging low on the surface of the water.
Northern Song Dynasty Wang Yi (Biography) "Liantang Rafting Map"
Meet at night, sunny day
Meet at the meeting, on a sunny day,
Thorn tree flowers descend in front of the platform.
Looking back in the dark is deeply meaningful,
Left behind, riding an elephant back man crossed the water first.
It was a sexual encounter. "Where to meet, on a sunny day" is not to point out the time and place, but to be as it is. Stories can be timed and placed in unknown places, but they cannot happen in a vacuum. On a sunny day, after a rain, before dark, think about what it feels like, those sounds that return from the rain, those images that walk into the sunset, are they too clear and unreal?
"Thorny Tung Flower Under the Terrace Front", thorny tung resembling a tung with thorns, a sea tung, growing in the tropics. Yuetai (越台), also known as Yuewangtai (越王台), was built on the Yuexiu Mountains north of present-day Guangzhou, by Zhao Tuo, the king of Hannan Yue, hence the name. It can be inferred from this that this poem refers to the terroir of South Vietnam. There is a lychee in the above poem, which may be South Vietnam or in Bashu, because the Tang Dynasty Bashu also produced lychees, and Bai Juyi said at the beginning of the "Lychee Diagram Sequence": "Lychee Shengba Gorge".
Under the thorn trees, in front of the platform, outside the hibiscus hedge in Ouyang Jiong's words, and in the banana forest, they are all exotic places. The sexual encounter that takes place here is naturally unique.
"Secretly looking back at the deep meaning", the woman has affection, the man must also be kind, and the party does not live up to her. Moreover, in addition to looking back, she also "left Behind Double Cui", that is, the Cui Yu decorated on her head was deliberately left behind and asked him to pick it up. The relics, the relics, and the wills are all direct ways for ancient women to confess.
The last sentence is the most beautiful, "Riding an elephant back man crosses the water first", just the back of her riding an elephant across the water is enough for him to remember his life. The sentient and afraid of being seen by others touched his heart even more, and "crossing the water first" meant that I was waiting for you to come.
Author | three books
Editor | Zhang Jin
Proofreader | Guo Li