Kidney stones are a disease with an increasing incidence, for example, in the United States, about 11% of men and 6% of women have at least one kidney stone in their lifetime. In the UK, for example, the number of patients seeking medical attention due to kidney stones has increased by 20% in the past seven years. Kidney stones, there is another feature, that is, the recurrence rate is high, and the proportion of kidney stones that occur again within 5 years is close to 50%. So, how to detect kidney stone recurrence in time? How can we prevent it? Let's solve your doubts now.
Kidney stones are prone to recurrence and are determined by a variety of related factors. Studies have shown that the risk factors for kidney stones have a genetic influence, and many patients have a family history. The older people are, the higher the risk of developing kidney stones, and the incidence is significantly higher in men than in women from a gender perspective. Related diseases, such as obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, gout, hyperparathyroidism, etc., can promote the formation of kidney stones. A variety of medications, such as diuretics or sulfonamide antibiotics, increase the risk of kidney stones. In addition, personal life behavior is also an important factor leading to the formation and recurrence of kidney stones.
Stones in the urinary system are mainly divided into 4 types, including calcium oxalate stones, uric acid stones, magnesium ammonium phosphate stones, and cystine stones. Of these, 70% to 80% are calcium oxalate stones. The formation of this stone is closely related to the intake of excessive amounts of oxalic acid, because the human body lacks oxalate degrading enzymes and cannot decompose too much oxalate, so once the content of oxalic acid increases, the risk of calcium oxalate stones will increase.
Kidney stones, essentially a mineral deposit with a harder texture, will form stones when the urine is reduced or the minerals and salts are increased. From the perspective of the formation process of stones, the first is the appearance of crystals in the urine, which will block the glomeruli, lead to glomerular necrosis, form calcified spots, calcified spots around the accumulation of more urine crystals, and the stones will gradually become larger. Larger stones, which are difficult to pass, can cause infection and other complications. Therefore, through urine examination, the crystals in the urine can be detected in time to detect signs of recurrence of kidney stones.
There are two main methods for the detection of urine crystallization, 1 is the detection of urine sediment, and the other is the detection of intelligent medical magnifying glass. Urinary sediment detection, is the urine centrifugation treatment, through the microscope analysis of urine sediment, this method is currently the basic means of diagnosis of urinary system stones, if the crystallization is found, it needs to be paid attention to. Intelligent medical magnifying glass detection, which is to filter urine, magnify 300 times for observation, can be connected with mobile phones, is a self-test method that has been applied in recent years. Patients with kidney stones at risk of developing kidney stones, or who have been diagnosed and treated, should be tested regularly for urine crystals to prevent kidney stones and their recurrence.
To prevent kidney stone formation and recurrence, the following points need to be grasped. The first is to increase the amount of water you drink and ensure adequate urine. By diluting the urine, the concentration of mineral ions and salts is reduced, and the deposition of urine crystals is reduced. The daily amount of urination needs to be maintained at more than 1200 ml, preferably 2000 ml. Maintaining adequate urine output requires 2,000 to 4,000 ml of hydration per day, drinking plenty of water, and increasing jumping activity to help smaller stones drain. The second measure is to treat and prevent urinary tract infections. The third measure is to avoid the influence of related drugs.
To prevent kidney stone formation and recurrence, the fourth measure is dietary management. Because calcium oxalate stones are the main kidney stone species, therefore, the control of oxalic acid is a key measure, but it is very difficult to do this, because the content of oxalic acid in many plants is high, and some scholars have analyzed 113 plants, and found that only 8 species do not contain oxalic acid. It is generally recommended to increase the intake of calcium-containing foods, because calcium can bind to oxalate in the intestine, form a complex, and excrete it with feces by consuming dairy products, grains, yogurt, and berries. In addition, care should be taken to reduce sodium intake, because sodium ions can increase urinary calcium excretion and increase the risk of kidney stones. The fifth measure is drug prevention, for example, supplementation with citric acid and alkalizing urine. In recent years, oxalic acid degrading enzyme preparations have also emerged, which can greatly reduce oxalic acid.
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