The Qin Dynasty may not be unfamiliar to everyone, Chinese culture has a long history, broad and profound, inseparable from the efforts and struggles of each dynasty, it is with their emergence that there is a history and culture of China for five thousand years, and the Qin Dynasty is one of the most important dynasties.
Figure 1
In the past, due to the influence of feudal ideas and systems, the funerary system and culture were very cumbersome, but fortunately, in today's society, we have found many tombs of ancient emperors, and it is these tombs and historical records that we have a certain understanding of the past funerary system and culture.
It was in 1975, because a Shaanxi farmer found some strange things when building a pigsty, and it was this incident that attracted the attention of archaeologists, so with the efforts of archaeologists, 186 remains were excavated in this ancient tomb, and the forms of these remains were different, and the atmosphere at that time was very strange.
After ten years of continuous research and investigation, archaeologists have finally found the true identity of the owner of this burial chamber.
Speaking of which, perhaps everyone will have some curiosity in their hearts, wanting to know what this farmer did when he built the pigsty, which will attract the attention of this archaeologist.
Figure 2
Why are there so many corpses? Are they all funerary objects? What is the identity of the owner of the tomb? Before we know this, we may as well first understand what a bent knee burial is.
What is a knee-bending burial?
"Knee burial" literally means that the departing person, bending their legs, and then putting them into a coffin, is the kneeling burial.
In fact, the real meaning of the knee burial is the form of the body placed after death.
Figure 3
There is a certain reason why the deceased will choose to enter the tomb in the posture of "kneeling burial", because this is determined by the identity of the deceased before his death, and the deceased who use this posture to enter the tomb are generally lowly slaves.
In addition, there is another way to say that the use of "knee-bending burial" for the deceased is very similar to people's usual living habits, because whether in the past or in modern society, we generally rest in bed or sleep at night, we will curl up our lower body, so in order to make the deceased more comfortable, this funeral posture will appear.
There is also a reason that is also very important, the reason why the deceased will choose to bury himself with "bent knee burial", which means to block the soul in his body, coupled with this posture, very much like the appearance of a baby curled up in the mother's belly, therefore, bending the lower body and then burying it not only has the meaning of suppressing the evil spirit, but also has the meaning of reincarnation as soon as possible.
Figure 4
For the view of "burial on the knee", different dynasties, different regions, different beliefs, there will be different interpretations. However, it should be said that the earliest time of this knee burial was in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.
In 2013, three bodies were found in the Lintong District of Xi'an City, who were buried in this posture, and after the research and inference of archaeologists, it was found that the identities of these people were ordinary people, and there was nothing special about them.
In fact, before 2013, archaeologists on the mainland had already found corpses buried in this posture.
Farmers built pig pens and found ancient tombs
The story begins in 1975, when the tomb was discovered in Nanzhi Village, Fengyang County, Shaanxi Province, and the person who discovered the tomb was not an archaeologist, but a local villager.
Figure 5
On that day, the villager Xiao Zhao planned to repair his pigsty again, but Xiao Zhao encountered a problem, because the soil his family used to build the wall was not enough, so he sat on the ground for a while.
Suddenly he had a brilliant plan, because he suddenly remembered that there was a place with a lot of soil, but many people did not dare to use it, so he strengthened himself and pushed the cart to this place, and this place is the ancient tomb we mentioned earlier.
After arriving at this place, Xiao Zhao didn't think much about it, just digging up the soil.
However, digging and digging, Xiao Zhao found some abnormalities. Because the color of the soil here and the color of the soil used in his own home, it forms a very sharp contrast, because the soil he usually uses is yellow, but now the soil he sees is red, and this red is very bright. At the same time, he also found a lot of gravel.
Figure 6
After seeing such a scene, Xiao Zhao casually loaded some soil, and he immediately pushed the car away. After that, Xiao Zhao did not take this matter to heart, but talked about the color of the soil when chatting with his neighbors.
In this way, Xiao Zhao's words quickly attracted the attention of an archaeologist, who felt that there must be an unknown side under this soil, so he immediately reported the matter to the archaeological team in Shaanxi.
In fact, in this year, the members of this archaeological team had searched for ancient tombs in some areas of Baoji City, Shaanxi Province, but they had found nothing, but who knew that they would learn the news of the ancient tombs from the mouth of a villager.
After discussion and decision, they immediately went to the Nanzhi Village of Fengyang County to conduct surveys and tests to confirm whether there were ancient tombs under the land.
Figure 7
First of all, archaeologists first tested and studied these at any time to study the source of these stones.
After testing, archaeologists found that these rubble, due to artificial ramming and formation, after reaching this conclusion, archaeologists felt that under this piece of dirt, there may be a huge ancient tomb, after discussion, archaeologists immediately decided to act.
Conduct an investigation and discover the huge cemetery
At that time, the excavation time set by the archaeologists began in 1976, and the person in charge of the excavation operation at that time was Tian Yaqi, the deputy captain of the Shaanxi Archaeological Team.
At the same time, the event will attract the attention of social and media journalists. Media reporters specially interviewed the person in charge of this time.
Figure 8
In the interview, the person in charge Tian Yaqi said: "After we explored and tested the ground, we found a very peculiar phenomenon, the underground tomb project here is a square composition, and the area of this project tomb is also very wide, basically the same size as the two basketball courts, in the face of all this, our archaeologists are very excited, therefore, we guess that this underground is most likely an ancient tomb." ”
After the interview, the archaeological team immediately excavated the ancient tombs under these, from cleaning the tomb passage to opening the door of the ancient tomb, the archaeological team wasted all its strength, and finally after a few months, the archaeological team finally understood the approximate structure of the tomb.
I have to say that when this project was built in the past, it did take a lot of effort. Because this project is about 24 meters deep, I have to say that this depth is indeed surprising, because this depth is about 80% of the floor high, and the overall structure is a medium-shaped countertop.
Figure 9
The grandeur is breathtaking, and the further you dig, the more certain the archaeologists are that there must be a huge tomb underground. At that time, tian Yaqi, the head of archaeology, after seeing this scene, sighed and said: "In this form, this must be the tomb of an ancient king." ”
But who knows, just when everyone is very happy, a bad thing happened, because the archaeologists happened a surprising thing in the process of excavation, because they found more than two hundred holes, and these holes were left by the tomb robbers in the past, at this time, the archaeologists were very worried, because they felt that there were so many holes left by the tomb robbers, so would the things in the ancient tomb be damaged?
The atmosphere was eerie, and multiple bodies were found
Although the discovery of so many pirated caves is a worrying thing, the archaeologists did not give up, because they still wanted to know what kind of secrets were hidden in this ancient tomb, so they accelerated the excavation.
Just as the archaeologists were digging to the second platform, a hideous-looking, wide-mouthed skull appeared, and it had to be said that the appearance of this skull frightened the archaeologists present.
Figure 10
After seeing this skull, the archaeologists felt that there was more than one such corpse here, so they immediately sped up, and finally with everyone's efforts, they found twenty such corpses.
Not only are these corpses placed in a very casual position, but most of their facial expressions are very similar, that is, fear and viciousness. The most important point is that these corpses do not have coffins.
After seeing these corpses, archaeologists have studied and speculated on this, because in ancient times, there was such an unknown rule in the funeral system, that is, there was a thick burial system in ancient times on the mainland, and these people's identity class may have some bottom, so they were forced to become funerary objects. So these corpses will open their mouths widely, and their faces will be vicious.
This makes archaeologists more convinced that the owner of this ancient tomb must be an ancient king, after layers of excavations, archaeologists have once again found 160 corpses contained in boxes and boxes, and these corpses are collectively called: box martyrdom and box martyrdom.
Figure 11
After the observation and statistics of archaeologists, it was found that the bodies in the boxes and boxes were surrounded by the main coffin, and most of them were packed in the box in the way of legs, which is the knee burial we mentioned earlier.
In addition, after the archaeologists observed the corpses, it was found that the corpses of these funerals were very different from the previous twenty, that is, the expression on the faces of these burials was very comfortable, and there was no struggle at all.
After research, the archaeologists made a major discovery, that is, they found a very serious problem on the adhesion of the hairs of these dead people, because they found some special chemicals from these hairs, which are mercury and arsenic.
Figure 12
Perhaps most people do not know that the chemical element arsenic here is an important element of arsenic, and the characteristic of this element is that it is insoluble in water, so the reason why the expression of these people is so peaceful may be that they drank poisonous wine containing arsenic before they died.
After understanding this, archaeologists have studied and investigated the identity of these people, if the identity of the previous twenty corpses is a slave, then the identity of these 160 corpses may be some ministers and concubines of the tomb owner.
And these archaeologists found that the ages of these people who were buried with people on their knees were different, some were 50 years old, and some were less than 15 years old, and it had to be said that this age difference was really surprising.
After ten years, the true identity of the tomb was found
Looking at these buried corpses, everyone fell into a very panicked state, everyone's heart was more curious about the tomb owner in the main coffin, after everyone's concerted efforts, the main coffin was slowly opened, but unfortunately, many precious cultural relics in the tomb and the main coffin were taken away by those tomb robbers.
Figure 13
But the most urgent thing is that archaeologists find out what kind of identity the people in the tomb are, first of all, the archaeologists feel that the people in this tomb are from the Qin Dynasty, because the person in charge of the archaeologists said:
"We mainly judge the dynasty by the orientation of this ancient tomb, because we can combine the past archaeological experience and the east-west orientation of the ancient tomb, and we can judge that this ancient tomb belongs to the Qin Dynasty."
Although the dynasty of the tomb has been determined, the identity of the owner of the tomb has not been determined for a long time.
After ten years, that is, in 1986, archaeologists finally found the identity of the owner of the tomb, from the funerary products of the ancient tomb, this identity is actually expected by everyone, this identity is the 18th generation ancestor of Qin Jinggong.
At that time, after completing the excavation of the ancient tomb, the local villagers specially raised funds to build a protection hall for the site in order to protect the cultural relics excavated from the Qinjing Cemetery.
Figure 14
Therefore, for these behaviors of the villagers, we should learn from their qualities, contribute an indispensable force to the protection of mainland cultural relics and sites, and also make indelible contributions to the historical development of the mainland.
It has to be said that the ancient burial system was really very cruel, and the various feudal hierarchies were also repulsive, they gave up themselves for the king, and their freedom was bound by the evil feudal system.
Therefore, living in today's society, we should be thankful that we were not born in the past era, but in the present happy era, and we should cherish the happy life of today.
The last point is that although the feudal system is full of guilt, we should learn to protect the trajectory left by history.