What exactly is the process of thyroid nodule puncture?

With the improvement of living standards, annual health check-ups have almost become "standard". But with the popularity of physical examination, many thyroid diseases have been detected, especially thyroid nodules, so what exactly is a thyroid nodule? How to distinguish the nature of nodules?

In layman's terms, thyroid nodules refer to local lesions formed in the original normal thyroid gland due to abnormal cell growth. Thyroid nodules are the most common disease of the endocrine system, with an incidence of up to 50% in people over the age of 60. Interestingly, thyroid nodules are found at a rate of up to 70% passive detection, and thyroid nodules are often found in patients undergoing neck ultrasound, CT, or MRI for other diseases.

How to distinguish the nature of thyroid nodules?

Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (US-FNA) refers to a diagnostic method for cytopathological examination by aspirating an appropriate amount of thyroid tissue specimens by fine needle aspiration under the real-time guidance and monitoring of ultrasound, and is currently the most effective diagnostic method to distinguish the benign and malignant thyroid nodules.

When do thyroid nodules need to be punctured?

1. Thyroid nodule with a diameter of >1 cm, ultrasound indicates malignant signs;

2. Thyroid nodule with a diameter of <1 cm, if the following conditions are present, thyroid aspiration biopsy is also recommended:

(1) Ultrasound indicates that thyroid nodules have malignant signs (such as hypoechondria, calcification, aspect ratio>1, irregular morphology, etc.);

(2) Abnormal cervical lymph nodes can be seen by ultrasound;

(3) Have a history of radiation exposure to the neck or contact with radiation pollution;

(4) Have a family history of thyroid cancer;

(5) Accompanied by abnormal increase in serum calcitonin;

So, what should thyroid nodule puncture do?

Punctures, which sound scary, are actually very safe, precise and convenient!

First of all, the entire operation is carried out under ultrasound guidance. Ultrasound is like an eye with a "perspective function", which can see whether the position and direction of the fine needle entering are accurate, and guide the fine needle to the surface of the mass in real time.

The needle used for puncture is particularly thin, much thinner than the needle we usually inject, so the pain of the puncture process can be ignored, and local anesthesia can be performed, and the pain is almost not felt.

In the end, the whole process takes about 5 to 10 minutes, and after the puncture, the surface of the skin is only left with a small , not easily visible "needle eye". Moreover, fine needle puncture is a safe and reliable detection method, even if the best detection results are malignant, the incidence of implant transfer of cells along the needle channel after puncture is extremely low, and the literature reports that its incidence is about 1.2/100,000.

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