【Dongyang Style Ya Song】
The southeast shape wins, and the Song rhymes to the elegant.
In the Song Dynasty, Dongyang, as the "Wuzhiwang County", both material civilization and spiritual civilization reached the peak, whether it was economic or cultural influence, they played an important role in the Bawu area. The brilliant literati, the exquisite utensils of simplicity and elegance, and the rational thinking of the world have created an unprecedented prosperous picture. The hometown of education nurtured by the culture of the academy, the town of architecture spawned by the Wangzu Mansion, and the town of arts and crafts created by hundreds of workers and crafts have all originated in this "golden age", and the style is unique, through thousands of years, and the afterglow is lingering and circulating to this day.
Since February 9, Dongyang Daily has launched a series of humanistic reports "Dongyang Feng Ya Song", tracking and showing the elegant Song rhyme of Dongyang that has flowed for thousands of years and has been passed down to the present, in order to build a strong city in the new era, build a common prosperity pioneer city, and enhance cultural self-confidence and historical self-confidence.
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"On the changes in China's ancient and modern society, the most important thing is in the Song Dynasty." In Mr. Qian Mu's view, the Song Dynasty was a crucial turning point in ancient China. In this dynasty that is shoulder to shoulder with the Tang Dynasty and is more elegant than the customary, dongyang, which is in the "heart of Zhejiang", what kind of wind and currents are rhymed, and what kind of wind and currents are used to rise up on the spiritual map of Zhejiang and write the wind and current?
"Dongyang's 'Song Yun' culture continued the glory of the Tang Dynasty, reaching the peak of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms to the Southern Song Dynasty, and the Ming and Qing dynasties inherited the rest of the situation, and the current is still flowing." Hua Ke, vice president of the Municipal Historical and Cultural Research Association and a teacher at Weishan High School, once visited shidong academy in 1996, when Zhu Xi engraved the words "Liuqian" on the small stone table by the stream, which made him admire and fascinated. So he began to understand the education of Shidong Academy, gradually involved the Dongyang education culture, wine culture, family culture, architectural culture of the Song Dynasty, and then expanded to extend to the talent culture, specialty culture, local culture, craft culture and other thresholds, and searched for ancient roads to confirm the Tang and Song poetry road, and finally concluded that Dongyang's literature, thought, and art reached its peak in the Song Dynasty, especially in the Southern Song Dynasty, forming a "Song Yun" culture in Dongyang that was "diverse and prosperous, used through the ages, and gathered by wangs".
This is a scene of cultural writing intent that is vivid in ink and brilliant.
△ Zhu Xi engraved on the small stone table by the creek of Shidong Academy
Xing Shuyuan, Yanming Confucian
The culture of the academy is at its peak
In the Song Dynasty, Dongyang entered the stage of comprehensive prosperity of education, culture and economy, which originated from the cultural accumulation since the middle and late Tang Dynasties.
In the Tang Dynasty, Dai Shulun ren Dongyang Ling, who was good friends with the "tea saint" Lu Yu, not only built the reputation of Dongbai tea, but also rebuilt the Wenmiao Xuegong and ruled the ceremony and yixing education. Since then, Dongyang jinshi have continued to emerge, reaching more than 20 people, ranking first among the counties in Zhejiang. During the Shaoxing period of the Southern Song Dynasty, Wuzhou tongju Shen Minquan said: "Dongyang is the drama of Wu, Bi Chengxian Yin, Shouxing School, Chongru Chongshi, and Cheng is the source of enlightenment." ”
Dongyang became the "source of indoctrination" in Wuzhou in the Song Dynasty, a very important factor is the prosperity of dongyang academy in the Song Dynasty, since the Northern Song Dynasty Xuanhe six years (1124) Totang Zhang Zhixing founded the Gongze Academy, Song Renzong period to Tuotang Zhang Zhixing opened Zhang's Yishu, the two Song Dynasties Dongyang has a total of 30 academies, 7 Yishu, the number of zhejiang first, the folk have eight major academies, The Golden Dragon Four Schools (Shidong, West Garden, Nanhu, Yasuda), the establishment of three major houses of Yishu (Luxi Chen Residence, Changqu Guo Residence, Hengcheng Jia Residence) and so on, thus bringing many Jinshi Dengke, It has laid the cornerstone of the hometown of education and the hometown of talents.
According to the existing statistics, with the county as the unit, during the Southern Song Dynasty, the number of Dongyang Academy was the fourth in the country and the first in Zhejiang!
Not only that, the numerous academies in the territory also helped Dongyang become a highland for Wuxue. The founder of Wuxue was Lü Zuqian, and Youcheng Academy was the earliest lecture office of Lü Zuqian, and Wuxue and Song Yuan Zhejiang Eastern Science began from then on. Lü Zuqian's protégés Zhao Yanshu, Zhao Yanxuan, Li Chengzhi, Qiao Mengfu, Chen Yi, Ge Hong, Qiao Xingjian, Ni Qianli, Ma Renzhong, and other protégés recruited in Dongyang were erudite and famous, creating the "strongest legion" of Confucianism in Dongyang at that time. The Shidong Academy gathered Zhu Xi, Lü Zuqian, Chen Liang, Ye Shi, and other great Confucians to speak here, and Zhu Xi's "Notes on the Collection of Chapters and Sentences of the Four Books" was compiled here; the Bahua Academy, where Xu Qian, a generation of famous doctors, studied here, and the protégés came from all over the country, and their status was comparable to that of the current Peking University Tsinghua; Xu Shu and Tang Zhongyou's Yasuda Yishu, Fu Yin brewed the "Yugong Tukao" of "Collecting the Great Achievements of The First Confucians"; Hengcheng Yishu, taught by Yuanfang Fengchen, and Song Lian, the "head of the founding ministers" of the Ming Dynasty, who studied hard here.
The humanistic spirit, the spirit of scripture, the spirit of exploration, the spirit of innovation, the spirit of openness and the spirit of autonomy nurtured by traditional college education have unique reference significance for creating a modern education in Dongyang with a complete system, high quality and balance, characteristics and everyone yearning for.
Floral beauty, porcelain essence
Wood carved buildings have a source
Since the Tang and Song dynasties, Dongyang, Yiwu and Lanxi in Wuzhou have been famous for their silk. Ouyang Xiu described Dongyang County in the poem "Sending Blessing Xi Zai's Dongyang Master Book" as "an isolated city of autumn pillow water, a thousand rooms of night sounding machines", and Liu Ziyi's "Passing through Dongyang" is even more explicit that Dongyang "has tens of thousands of small foil sounding machines". Luo in the Song Dynasty was a product of the peak of ancient Chinese weaving technology, and Dongyang Hualuo was famous during the Southern Song Dynasty and was listed as a tribute to the imperial court. To this day, the Tongxiang area of Huzhou still sings "Ma Ming Wang Zan": "Silkworm Treasure Ma Ming Wang Zhengjun ... Ma Ming Wang Bodhisattva incarnated in silkworm body. Seeing that the silkworm lady did not know where to find the silkworm treasure, the silkworm body was out of Wuzhou City. The family lived in Dongyang County, Wuzhou..." Silkworm farmers in the Huzhou area placed the birthplace of Ma Ming Wang Bodhisattva in Dongyang, indicating that Dongyang was the land of silk during the Song Dynasty.
The Japanese scholar Si Bo Yixin mentioned in the book "Research on the Commercial History of the Song Dynasty" that Wuzhou produced Wuluo, Qingshuiluo, Xiaohualuo, Dark Flower Wuluo, Hongbian Gongluo, Dongyang Hualuo, etc., while Mingzhou (Ningbo) produced Pingluo, Wuluo, and Hualuo. Wuluo from Mingzhou, either from Wuzhou or impersonating Wuzhou, is enough to prove that Wuluo was exported overseas through the port of Mingzhou.
The Maritime Silk Road China's export commodities are mainly silk, porcelain, tea, these are the Tang and Song Dynasties Dongyang specialties. Along the banks of the Dongyang River and Baixi, there are many kiln sites and fireworks, especially the Geshan kiln and Gefu kiln. The glaze of the Songshan kiln is verdant, and the quality of the tea set is not inferior to that of the Yue kiln. From the beginning of the fifth generation, the porcelain of Gefu kiln is even more exquisite, and the Gefu kiln porcelain with Shoushan Fuhai pattern is known as the most beautiful porcelain in Zhejiang. The porcelain produced at more than 100 kiln sites in the territory is exported in addition to domestic sales, and Dongyang porcelain is exported to all over the world through the Maritime Silk Road together with Hualuo and tea leaves.
As the hometown of architecture, Dongyang has greatly developed its architectural craftsmanship since the Song Dynasty. The early Northern Song Dynasty wood carving Luohan statue excavated from the Fahua Temple Pagoda can be glimpsed from its skillful and smooth carving techniques, which can glimpse the long history of Dongyang wood carving, which is also the earliest remains of Dongyang wood carving. In the Song Dynasty, Dongyang already has a large number of records of architectural wood carvings, such as the Huiying Building built in shaoxing (1156) as "Guigui for the household". After Hangzhou became the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, Dongyang construction craftsmen participated in the construction of the capital city, and the "Dongyang Gang" rose to become an important construction gang. Among them, Du Youjie, a wuyuan from Dongyang, served as the grand superintendent and inspector of the Yumu Institute, supervising the construction of major buildings in the imperial city of the Southern Song Dynasty. During the Southern Song Dynasty, Dongyang produced 5 auxiliary officials, called the Five Provinces Kaiji, and its construction scale was grand, and the Dongyang architecture was famous in Jiangnan.
△ In the Dongyang residence, a wooden scene is carved
Plant the southern dates and brew rice wine
Specialties are famous all over the world
In the Song Dynasty, the prosperity of Dongyang's economy made many specialties of Dongyang flourish at this time.
Dongyang dates have been ranked first in Tokyo's fruits, when the streets of Tokyo were selling "Wuzhou dates are the most popular, chewing can be flat stomach" and "Wuzhou house crisp pine fresh moist bright and dangling sugar kneaded dragon tangled jujube head". Wuzhou jujube is actually from Dongyang Weishan Tea Farm. The Ming Wanli "Chronicle of Jinhua Province" says: "Southern jujube, out of Dongyang tea farm is the most famous." The "Chronicle of Dongyang County" records that the jujube produced in the tea place, "its size is as big as a fist, its core tip is as thin as a yellow rice (yellow rice), it is cut off, its sweetness is like honey, fragrant and crisp", because it is called Jingguo and Jingju as a tribute.
During the Tang Dynasty, Dongyang wine was already famous. When the Southern Song Dynasty Stone Cave Academy was at its peak, the literati of the world used wine into poetry and competed for endorsement. Lu You praised the new brew of the stone cave ,"The spirit of the xiaxia halo, the faint goose chick color is pleasant", which tells the color and strength of the red yeast wine. So that after he left Dongyang, he still remembered it, and his friends kept drinking wine from time to time, "waking up alone to watch their children and grandchildren get drunk, vainly bearing the burden of Dongyang wine" "Dongyang alcohol is drunk for no reason, knowing that this year is a few bibi baskets" "Forget the worries since ancient times, there is no best strategy, and want to drink the poor wine cup of the family." In this dynasty, the magpie is happy to report far away, and the red mud is moved before it is demolished."
Dongyang Dongbaishan tea has spread to the world since Lu Yu was loaded in the "Tea Classic", and Yongzheng's "Zhejiang Tongzhi" said: "Go to Dongyang County to rule the east fifty miles, dushan, look like a city, and the middle is deep." During the Tang and Song dynasties, there was a si changzhi tea here, and a tea house was set up. "Dushan is in the east of the tea village, so the tea farm is the earliest written tea trading market in Jinhua City. In the second year of Song Jianyan (1128), Zhang Zhixing wrote an inscription in the Dongbaishan Jianchan Forest Academy: "Native spring buds, named in the ancient tea recipe, and Gu Zhu spread the world with Gu Zhu. "A series of tea ceremonies and tea art derived around the tea ceremony were gradually formed during this period, and some of the pastries and offerings used for tea were also raised from the Song Dynasty, and the fragrant tree was the most prestigious refreshment, and the "Old Chronicle of Wulin" mentioned that Feng'er was the famous point of Lin'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. Previously, Su Dongpo had long given poems praising his "Pimei Jade Mountain Fruit, Japonica is a Golden PanShi", and the Southern Song Dynasty Yuan Wen's "Comments on Urn Mu Xian" said: "This jade mountain is in Wuzhou, and Wuzhou Is crowned in Jiangsu and Zhejiang." "In fact, at that time, wuzhou only had dongyang, and the crown in Jiangsu and Zhejiang was actually Dongyang xiangyu.
Poetry, leave good stories
Zhejiang Zhongshi Lu is legendary
Dongyang is the main road of Yongjin, the passage of Taihang, the near road of Hangzhou, and the ancient road crisscrossing, which is the extension of the Tang Poetry Road in eastern Zhejiang. After entering the Song Dynasty, the literati and inkers traveled a lot, leaving a lot of poetry, and the surrounding natural and cultural landscapes such as Qingtan, Stone Cave, Hanbi, and Baiyun increased their style. The more typical is Lu You, who entered Dongyang many times in his life and left a lot of poetry.
On October 23, 1169, the scholar Lou Key accompanied his uncle Wang Dayu on an envoy to jinguo, and he entered Dongyang from Jinyun, where he shared a meal with his colleague Zhou Renfu after having dinner at Yangxi. Zhou Renfu passed through Xintang (present-day Nanxintang) and Guo Zhai, and went around Geshan Mountain to Ningbo via Baifengling. At night, Lou Key stayed in Zhangjiadian in Hengtang, and felt that "Xifang wine is quite good". Hengtang is the Street of Nanshi Huaitang, there is a stone bridge in front of the village, which is the only passage into the city in the south direction at that time, without this bridge, there is no choice, so the name of the bridge is "Naihe".
"The South Noon Ridge is not high, and those who walk in Wen, Qu, Taiwan, and Fujian are from it." The next morning, the key of the building passed through the South Afternoon Ridge, at this time the Tang Dynasty built hanbi pavilion should still be there, Su Shi next to the south noon ridge with "The valley contains the palace march, the rhythm has not become a junxi" to remember its victory of the water music pavilion, Ge Hong has "Lan Ruo by the height, the wind is cool" the song of the Ring Pavilion, also did not fall. In the slightest light rain, Lou Key left a poem "Dongyang Meets the Rain": "Wanyuan Qianyan has been fully watched, and it is better to find a better place to open the face." An unprovoked morning rain covered the Lishan Mountain in Dongyang County. ”
In fact, this is a vivid portrayal of Dongyang's "Song Yun" culture.
"In Dongyang in the Song Dynasty, ya culture and culture were all around, and compatible and open schools not only created a very regional college culture in Dongyang, but also derived a number of academic inheritance lineages due to the proliferation of schools. Folk culture is also wonderful, hundreds of craftsmanship has a source in the Song, and all kinds of specialties are recorded in the Song. Hua Ke believes that the culture of the Song Dynasty is a positive and exuberant WTO-type culture, and the concept of active and practical scripture is the most popular in Dongyang. The scholars and doctors of Dongyang are fundamentally concerned about the survival and development of society and the tranquility and prosperity of the country, embodying a strong sense of ladylike worldliness, and pouring this feeling into the achievements of meritorious service, and many generous people have emerged, such as Teng Maoshi, Jia Tingzuo, Li Chengzhi, Ma Guangzu and so on. Today's Dongyang people should uphold the concept of practicing the "taking the world as their own responsibility", pay attention to researching, inheriting and carrying forward the "Song Yun" culture, and vigorously implement the "Song Yun" cultural inheritance project, continue the urban context, and increase the cultivation of future generations.
Reporter: Wu Xuhua
Editor: Yang Huiping Review: Huang Xiang Producer: Shi Ying Si Xiangyang