Tang Fuli's "Year of Kawazu"

Thousand-year customs: the "Year of Hejin" in Tang Fuli

The Spring Festival, commonly known as the "New Year", is one of the traditional festivals that Chinese attaches the most importance to. In the Tang Dynasty poems that cannot be closed in the spring color, the ancient customs of Hejin are left behind, leaving behind the lively scenes and valuable folk customs materials during the New Year. It is the "Yuan Zhengfu" of the Tang Hejin poet Wang Ji in the late Sui and early Sui Dynasties.

Wang Ji (590–644), courtesy name Wugong, was a native of Longmen, Daizhou (present-day Hejin, Shanxi). He was born in a family with deep Confucian roots, such as the "Crown of the Sixth Dynasty" and the "Family Rich Tomb" (Lü Cai's "Preface to Wang Wugong's Collected Writings"). As the first person in the Tang Dynasty to begin to innovate the poetic style, Wang Ji's poetry continued from top to bottom. Shi Jingcun said in the "Hundred Sayings of Tang Poetry": "Literary historians generally list him as the earliest Poet of the Tang Dynasty. Zhang Taiyan believes that Wang Ji's endowment "cannot but be pushed to be the beginning of Tang Dynasty prose." He "entered the homes of the early Tang Dynasty with a sincere and shallow manner, like a warbler and a phoenix flying in a flock, and suddenly encountering wild deer, which is a rare thing." His masterpiece "Wild Hope" is known as the opening work of the Five Words Poem of the Tang Dynasty. At the end of the Sui Dynasty and the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Wang Ji spent most of his life in seclusion in his hometown, and the customs and customs of Longmen in Daizhou showed the bottom of his pen. So, in the Tang Dynasty more than a thousand years ago, how did the Hejin people celebrate the New Year?

Yuanzheng, that is, the first day of the first lunar month of the summer calendar, is today's Spring Festival. According to research, Wang Ji's "Yuan Zheng Fu" was written in the first month of the seventeenth year of Zhenguan, when he was 52 years old, which was also the last Yuan Zheng Festival that Wang Ji had ever lived, and he died of illness soon after. Wang Ji wrote that in addition to sweeping the courtyard and buying new clothes, the first thing in the New Year was to slaughter sheep and chickens to welcome the arrival of spring. Because the ancients believed, "It is the moon that also raises the earth, the grass and trees sprout, the sheep eat hundreds of grasses, the chickens peck at the grain, and killing them can help the anger." ”

On the day of Chinese New Year's Eve, the Tang Dynasty people will hold ancestral worship and exorcism ceremonies, light fires, perform puppet plays, make "groups of ghosts flee in panic", and pray for a safe and healthy new year. At midnight, people set off firecrackers to get rid of evil spirits. The first day of the first lunar month is "the yuan of the year, the yuan of the season, and the yuan of the moon", which is called "three yuan", which has a strong symbolic meaning in the time series of the ancients. When the chickens chirp, they must not only replace them with new peach charms, but also paste the door gods and paint the chickens to "ward off evil spirits".

This year's Yuanzheng Festival, Kawazu has just snowed, the air is fresh, the laneway in front of the house and behind the house is cleaned, and the door of the house is new. The new daughter-in-law who was newly married a few years ago wore gold and silver, the children dressed up in flowers, and the men, women and children of the family were well-groomed, and followed each other to celebrate the New Year for relatives and friends.

Ancestor worship and hospitality are pepper liquor. Pepper wine to drive away cold and dampness, Cypress wine to prolong life, the new wine opened in the new year, starting from the youngest child of the family, "from less to largest, drink a little bit of each person, then the family is disease-free." The women use garlic, garlic, leeks, cloud moss, coriander to make a "five-spice plate", that is, a lettuce platter composed of these five spicy vegetables, so that the whole family can not only diverge the five viscera, but also prevent the epidemic, and welcome the new year in peace and happiness.

The scene of celebrating Yuanzheng in his hometown reminded Wang Ji of the Yuanzheng Festival that he had spent in the western capital Chang'an and the eastern capital Luoyang, and he also wrote down the grand situation at that time. On the day of the YuanZheng Dynasty, the emperor will hold a great pilgrimage meeting, on this day, the flags fly on the official road, the crown covers look at each other, and the bells, drums, silk and bamboo on the main hall are magnificent. First, the emperor prayed for the peace of the world, the prince greeted the master, and then the grand si nong, who was in charge of finance and taxation, reported on the people's diet, and Shangshu presented a song of praise for the emperor's merits. The envoys of various countries who came to pay tribute to the emperor presented the emperor with rare treasures from the south of the sea and the north of the heavens. The Emperor of the Tang Dynasty gave rewards one by one to show the emperor's grace and grace, and to feast on the civil and military officials and envoys of the four sides with fine wine and delicacies. This is the human touch of Datang, and it is also the grace of Datang.

A royal feast is indispensable to a hundred plays. Among them, The Western Capital Chang'an is dominated by riding and shooting and drum music, and the eastern capital Luoyang is dominated by acrobatics such as fish and dragon Manyan, and the lively scenes continue until the sun is tilted to the west.

Wang Ji claimed to be "indulgent in his birthday, not idle in worship, chaff and righteousness, and gong gong name", and the township celebrations and boudoir wedding crowns were rarely involved, but they were also touched by the hot world fireworks of the YuanZheng Festival, leaving us with this unusual and familiar New Year's flavor. Over the past thousand years, the customs of the New Year have been constantly changing, but people's expectations for peace, health, reunion and celebration have never changed, and the family affection and love contained and transmitted by ancient festivals have traveled through time and space, inspiring the resonance of generations of people.

Zhang Juanling

The scenery of the new year is early, and there will be many Spring Festivals.

Within three months of The Path Pan, I was full of emotion.

- "Yuan ZhengFu Song"

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