Chinese pay great attention to birthdays, especially the elderly, and wish for birthdays.
Especially the 60th, 70th and 80th birthdays should be celebrated solemnly.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > December 21, 1949, was Stalin's 70th birthday. </h1>
A month before his birthday, Mao Zedong began to prepare for Stalin's birthday gifts.
Stalin was the leader of the Soviet Union, so why did Mao Value His Birthday So Much?
Because the Chinese revolution received strong support from the Soviet Union, thanks to Stalin's strong support.
In July 1921, the Communist Party of China was founded with the goal of overthrowing the system of exploitation and establishing a socialist state.
Mao Zedong once said: "The October Revolution brought us Marxism-Leninism with the sound of a cannon."
At every stage of the Chinese revolution, the support of the Soviet Union is indispensable.
Especially after the victory of the War of Resistance, the Soviet Union sent troops to the northeast, and a large number of weapons in the northeast were left to the Communist Party. The establishment of the northeast base area laid a solid foundation for the CCP's victory over the Kuomintang.
In 1949, the new China was founded, and the revolution finally succeeded; this was the result of the bloody struggle of the Communists, and it was inseparable from the support of the Soviet Union.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > after the founding of New China, the Soviet Union was the first country to recognize a new government. </h1>
The Soviet Union is the boss of the socialist camp and a great power comparable to the United States, and If China wants to gain a firm foothold, it is difficult to move without the support of the Soviet Union.
Draught does not forget to dig wells, and on Stalin's 70th birthday, it is only natural to send him a gift.
In order to give Stalin a birthday gift, Mao Zedong presented a big gift.
Birthday gifts include Longjing tea from Zhejiang, Keemun black tea from Anhui, winter shoots from Jiangxi, porcelain from Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, Stalin statues from Hunan, lacquerware from Fujian, textiles and embroidery from Hangzhou, Moutai wine from Guizhou, famous tobacco from Shanghai, ivory carving, etc.; it cannot be said that it is not precious.
Not only that, among the gifts that Mao Zedong gave to Stalin were turnips, green onions, and so on.
On December 1, Mao Zedong personally drafted a telegram to the Shandong Branch of the Communist Party of China, clearly demanding: "Comrade Stalin celebrated his 70th birthday on the 21st day of December this year, and the Central Committee decided to send the large yellow sprouts, turnips, green onions, and large pears produced in Shandong as a birthday gift." ”
Each sample of 5,000 kilograms totals 20,000 kilograms, and the central government will send an aircraft to Jinan to pick up and transport it.
Seeing this, many people will be puzzled.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > send art and famous tea, famous cigarettes and famous wine We can understand, sending cabbage and turnips is incomprehensible. </h1>
When we describe something as worthless, we often say "cabbage price"; it can be seen that cabbage and turnips are not worth much.
Similarly, the value of green onions and pears was not high, and the freight was not enough to send to the Soviet Union.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > so why did Mao send Stalin these things? </h1>
According to Mao Zedong's translator Zhe, jiang Qingxian proposed the selection of agricultural products as birthday gifts for Stalin.
On December 21, 1949, the seventieth birthday of Stalin, Chairman Mao decided to lead a delegation to Moscow to celebrate his birthday, exchange views on issues of concern to the two parties, and discuss and sign relevant treaties and agreements.
In order to wish Stalin a happy birthday, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China entrusted the General Office of the Central Committee to select and collect gifts for Stalin's birthday.
After hearing the news, Jiang Qing ran forward and began to run for the selection of gifts.
Jiang Qing's hometown is from Shandong Province, and Chinese cabbage and green onions are specialties of Shandong.
So Jiang Qing suggested sending Stalin some turnips, cabbage, and green onions, saying that they could represent the Chinese peasants' admiration for Stalin and deepen the friendship between the two countries.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > however, Mao Zedong chose these vegetables as gifts, which had his own considerations. </h1>
Yan Mingfu, then head of the translation team at the General Office of the CPC Central Committee, later explained that there was a custom in Shandong that when the two sides fought each other, if others handed them a green onion, they would immediately shake hands and make peace.
The Soviet Union gave great support to the Chinese revolution, but the Soviets let Comrades Wang Ming and Bogu lead the Chinese revolution, and we also suffered some losses.
Moreover, before the founding of New China, Stalin refused Mao Zedong's request to visit the Soviet Union three times.
One was in 1947, when Mao Zedong's request to visit the Soviet Union was rejected on the grounds that "Mao Zedong's departure from his post may have a negative impact on the war."
Another time, Stalin refused on the grounds that our leaders had gone down to the fields to cut wheat and had no time.
Mao Zedong was naturally unhappy about this.
In Mao Zedong's words, there is always a stomach full of gas.
Therefore, Mao Zedong wanted to use the way of green onions to imply to Stalin that in the future, China and the Soviet Union should abandon their previous suspicions and look forward.
On December 21, 1949, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union held a grand birthday celebration ceremony for Stalin at the Bolshoi Theater.
After meeting Stalin, Mao Zedong once again expressed his dissatisfaction: "I am a person who has been ostracized for a long time, and I have nowhere to say. ”
Stalin comforted Mao Zedong by saying, "The victor is not to blame," and praised Mao zedong, saying, "I didn't think you were so young and strong."
There is a saying in China that the meaning of drunkenness is not wine.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > Mao Zedong to wish Stalin a happy birthday, the main purpose of which was to sign the Sino-Soviet Treaty. </h1>
China and the Soviet Union are all socialist countries, as close as brothers, and if they sign a contract with the Soviet Union, they will support China and will not let China fall to the United States.
Because of the different social systems, China will not go near the United States.
If so, why is China so anxious to sign a contract with the Soviet Union?
This is because there was an old treaty between China and the Soviet Union before.
On August 14, 1945, the Chinese Nationalist Government signed the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance with the Soviet Government, recognizing the Humiliation Agreement imposed on China by the Yalta Conference.
These included unequal terms such as recognizing the independence of Outer Mongolia and allowing the Soviet Union to lease the port of Lushun.
Mao Zedong and other Communists, who were revolutionaries and patriots, were bitter about the treaty.
As early as July 1949, Liu Shaoqi visited Moscow and raised the issue of amending the treaty with Stalin.
Stalin also admitted that it was an unequal treaty, but Stalin did not agree to amend it, but said that he would "wait until Mao Zedong arrives in Moscow to decide this question."
Before the founding of New China, the leaders of our party formulated the foreign policy of the new government, that is, they could be partners, but they were not vassals.
The old treaty, because it undermined national sovereignty, our attitude was not to recognize it at all.
In the words of Mao Zedong, it is "clean the house and then invite guests."
But the words of abolition are too bad to be heard, and it is difficult for the Soviets to accept them. Therefore, the best way to solve the problem is to only sign new treaties.
It not only abolished unequal treaties, but also consolidated Sino-Soviet relations.
On the eve of his visit to the Soviet Union, Mao Zedong had communicated with Stalin on this issue, but Stalin did not agree.
According to russian archives, Stalin's attitude was clear: "We have decided internally not to amend any of the provisions of the treaty. ”
Stalin's reasons seemed very sufficient, because the Sino-Soviet treaty of 1945 was based on the Yalta Agreement.
If the treaty between the Soviet Union and Chiang Kai-shek's government were abrogated, the entire Yalta Agreement would be questioned, and the four northern islands occupied by the Soviet Union in Japan might lose their legitimacy.
In the future, when the Japanese government proposes to amend the relevant articles, will the Soviet Union not be very passive?
On December 21, 1949, Stalin's 70th birthday, Mao Zedong brought many gifts and was warmly received.
However, because the two sides of the previous talks on revising the treaty were too divergent, Mao Zedong's expression was still very serious, not smiling, and his heart was heavy.
A few days later, Mao Zedong showed the bottom card to kovalev, the Soviet representative in China: "In addition to wishing Stalin a happy birthday, I also want to do some work."
On December 22, the fourth day of Stalin's seventieth birthday, Mao Zedong and Stalin held a second formal meeting on the issue of the treaty.
Although the talks lasted five and a half hours. But most of the time we talk about North Korea, Vietnam, Japan, India, and Western Europe.
Regarding the new treaty between China and the Soviet Union, Stalin did not say a word.
This made Mao very angry, and he simply closed the door.
When Kovalev came to ask Mao to go out to relax, Mao was furious.
Mao Zedong even said: "I came to the Soviet Union for three things: to eat, to sleep, and to pull S." ”
He also pointed at Kovalev and called him a bastard, and said angrily: "I did not come to Moscow to wish Stalin a happy birthday." If you still want to keep the treaty with the Kuomintang, then you will keep it, and I will leave in a few days. ”
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > for the next few days, Mao voluntarily sat on the cold bench and refused to participate in any public activities organized by the Soviet government. </h1>
Two political strongmen were quietly fighting wits—Stalin snubbed Mao, hoping that he would change his position and make concessions to the Soviet Union; and Mao Zedong used his non-cooperation to force Stalin to make concessions; the two froze.
No one expected that at the critical moment, the Westerners helped open the deadlock.
Mao Zedong did not appear in Moscow for many days, and the Western media was keenly aware of the abnormality, and they began to catch the wind and shadows.
A British news agency first sent a message saying that Mao Zedong had lost his freedom in Moscow and was under house arrest by Stalin.
For a time, the media in Western countries did not want to be left behind, and speculated one after another - Mao Zedong was forced to cede the three northeastern provinces of China to Stalin, Stalin was soft and Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong was in a dilemma in Moscow...
In this situation, Stalin could not sit still.
On New Year's Day 1950, the Soviet ambassador to China, Roshen, visited Mao Zedong on the orders of Foreign Minister Vyshinsky.
Mao Zedong said lukewarmly that because of his physical discomfort, he "wanted to leave Moscow a month earlier, that is, at the end of January, to return to China."
During the conversation, Mao also intentionally or unintentionally revealed that the burmese and Indian governments would recognize the People's Republic of China.
He also told Roshin: "The UK and other Commonwealth countries are also interested in recognizing the People's Republic of China. ”
Stalin continued to freeze again and again, probably very passively, and his position finally began to loosen.
In order to calm Mao's anger, Stalin blamed kovalev, the Soviet representative in China.
He said that he was a technical cadre, did not understand politics, had no political experience, and was a complete layman in politics.
In short, everything is Kovalev's fault, and if you want to blame him, you can blame him.
Stalin finally changed his attitude and agreed to Zhou Enlai's visit to Moscow to sign a new Sino-Soviet treaty of friendship and alliance.
On February 14, 1950, the signing ceremony of the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance and the Sino-Soviet Agreement on the Changchun Railway, Lushunkou and Dalian of China was held at the Moscow Kremlin.
Zhou Enlai and Vyshinsky signed the document on behalf of their respective governments, and Stalin and Mao Zedong attended the signing ceremony.
The biggest gain of the Chinese side was the abolition of the unequal clause in the Sino-Soviet treaty signed between the original Kuomintang government and the Soviet Union regarding the Port of Lushun and the Northeast Railway:
The Soviet side shall transfer all rights and all the property of the Zhongchang Road to the Chinese Government without compensation at the end of 1952; the Soviet side shall withdraw its garrison from Lushunkou no later than the end of 1952 and transfer the facilities in the area to the Chinese Government, and the Chinese side shall reimburse the costs of the restoration and construction of the port of Lushun; and the Soviet side shall guarantee that the administrative authority of Dalian will be completely handed over to the Chinese Government. ”
Mao Zedong's visit to the Soviet Union skillfully forced Stalin to agree to the signing of a new Sino-Soviet treaty, which safeguarded national sovereignty and consolidated Sino-Soviet relations.