Sanxiang Metropolis Daily (All-media reporter Wu Daixia) On January 28, the "Special Exhibition of Han Dynasty Cultural Relics in Shandong Province" opened in the special exhibition hall of Changsha Museum. The exhibition selects the latest and most important archaeological discoveries in Shandong during the two Han Dynasties, including 235 cultural relics excavated from 163 groups of Han tombs such as Zhangqiu Luozhuang, Juye Laterite Mountain, Changqing Shuanglu Mountain, Linyi Yinque Mountain, etc., and exhibits fine cultural relics such as the seal of "Tian Heng Zhi" sealing mud, the "Che Riding General Seal", the "Qi Daguan" copper basin, the Xiping Stone Classic, the Sun BingBing Art Bamboo Jane, the Han Dynasty Dan Pill and other fine cultural relics.
Multiple latitudes reveal the glorious history of the Shandong region in the Han Dynasty
Shandong, known as "Qilu" in ancient times, was one of the richest regions in the Han Dynasty, and it was also the hometown of Confucius and Mengmeng, the land of immortals, the hometown of chivalry, and the birthplace of filial piety. Liu Bang crossed Qufu and sacrificed Confucius, Xu Fu crossed the sea to seek immortals, and the stories of Tian Heng and the five hundred righteous men flowed through the ages.
With material culture as the main line, the exhibition attempts to reveal the glorious history of Shandong in the Han Dynasty from the aspects of political division, prosperity of hundreds of industries, life of princes, and cultural exchanges. The exhibition is divided into three units, the first unit "Dabang Weiping" generally introduces the politics, economy and military of the two Han Shandong regions, the Han Dynasty Shandong region is lined with princely kingdoms, the nongsang fish salt is developed, the four people are safe and prosperous, and the society is peaceful. The second unit , "PrinceLy Style" not only reproduces the life scenes of the Han Dynasty princes living in the Han Dynasty, such as eating utensils, living utensils, musical instruments, and carriages and horses unearthed from the tombs of many Han Dynasty princes in Shandong Province, which not only reproduces the han Dynasty princes' residences in high-rise buildings and heavy cabinets, groups of servants, banquets, bells ringing, high-ranking friends, and majestic life scenes of BMW carving cars and honor guards, which confirms the strength and prosperity of the Han Dynasty, but also reflects the degree of civilization development and artistic level of the Han Dynasty. The third unit, "Wendao Silk Road", shows the foreign exchanges between Shandong's Qilu culture and the Maritime Silk Road, and the combination of Confucianism and political ideas as the core of Qilu culture has been recognized by the ruling class and became the orthodox thinking of the Han Dynasty.
The remnants of the Xiping Stone Classic provide a glimpse of the pinnacle of Han Li's mature period
In addition to sealing mud, coins, bronzes, Han portraits and other cultural relics, the exhibition will also exhibit textbook-level Han Li inscriptions - the remnants of the "Xiping Stone Classic".
The Two Han Dynasties were a legendary and glorious era in China's history, and their politics, military, science and technology, and culture have profoundly affected people's lives to this day. Our most populous ethnic group is called "Han Chinese", the language of communication is called "Chinese", and the main script in common is "Chinese characters". The two Han Dynasties have left a deep historical mark on the Chinese. In this era, the Shandong region, with its numerous princely kingdoms, developed nongsang fishing and salt, and prosperous economy, was one of the most developed areas of the Han Empire. Even Sima Qian, who traveled all over the world, also praised in the "Records of History" that "the wind of the great country is also solidified".
(Xiping Stone Sutra Remnant Stele.) Eastern Han Dynasty, length 24 cm, height 14.5 cm, thickness 10 cm, Shandong Museum collection, grade III cultural relics)
The Stone Sutra refers to the classics carved into stone. In ancient China, the engraving of stone scriptures was an important cultural undertaking of the state. So far, there have been seven times that there have been texts to be examined. Since the engraving of the scriptures is a huge project, it is generally organized by the national government. After the Song Dynasty, movable type printing technology was popularized, and the stone classics had no practical value for survival and were gradually abandoned by people.
The Xiping Stone Classic, inscribed from the fourth year (175) of the Eastern Han Dynasty Ling Emperor Xiping to the sixth year of the Eastern Han Dynasty (183), is the earliest stone scripture engraved in Chinese history. Because it is carved in this kind of book, it is also called "One Stone Classic".
The engraving of the Xiping Stone Classic was led by the famous scribe Cai Yong at that time, and a total of 24 scribes completed it together. The content is "Zhou Yi", "Shang Shu", "Lu Shi", "Ritual Ceremony", "Spring and Autumn", "Ram Biography" and "Analects", with a total of 46 stones and a word count of more than 10,000 words.
After the Xiping Stone Classic was carved, it stood in the Taixue of Luoyang. The Yellow Turban Rebellion broke out in the second year after the Xiping Stone Classic was inscribed, followed by the Dong Zhuo Rebellion. After this, the Xiping Stone Sutra experienced countless catastrophes and was destroyed. By the time Tang Zhenguan and the early Wei dynasty collected the Jushi Sutra, there was no one in ten. Since the Tang and Song dynasties, there have been continuous excavations of stone fragments. After the Republic of China, many remnants of stones have been excavated one after another. At present, the remnants of the stone are collected in the Xi'an Forest of Stone Steles Museum, Luoyang Museum, Shanghai Museum and Taiwan Forbidden City.
In 1925, on the site of Taixue in the original Han and Wei dynasties in Luoyang, a large stone was excavated, and a section of "Zhou Yi" was carved on both sides of this stone, which is the opening stone of the "Xiping Stone Classic", which is very precious. After this stone was unearthed, it was split into two. The lower half of it was purchased by Yu Ren. In 1937, he gave this remnant stone to the Forest of Steles in Xi'an. The upper part of the stone is in the Shanghai Museum.
It can be seen how precious the remnants of the Xiping Stone Classics on display are.
The Xiping Stone Classics are the pinnacle of han li's mature period, and they are a huge work in the history of Chinese scholarship and calligraphy. Although what we saw this time was a remnant of the vicissitudes, the dignified and atmospheric font and the peaceful posture of Zhongzheng were still clearly visible!
Feel the majestic Han style of the East two thousand years ago
At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang divided 7 princes with different surnames. Jiangshan was established, and Liu Bang began to eradicate the kings with different surnames and sealed the princely states of Liu. Therefore, in the Han Dynasty, there was a situation of "parallel counties and states", which not only implemented the county system, but also divided the princes. During the 400 years of the Two Han Dynasties, the Shandong region set up 25 princely kingdoms and hundreds of princely states.
Relying on the rich mineral resources in the surrounding area, Shandong has a large number of metallurgical and mint workshops, developing powerful metallurgical technology, especially the bronze manufacturing industry in the two Han Dynasties can be "work to cover the world", second to none.
A piece of "Qi Tie Guan Seal" sealed mud in the Shandong Museum is the best physical evidence that the King of Qi set up his own iron officials to operate the iron smelting industry.
(Stone rubbings of the portrait of the Iron Han.) Tengzhou Han Portrait Stone Collection)
In the middle of the Western Han Dynasty, the government set up 48 "iron officials" throughout the country, and each "iron official" had jurisdiction over some iron smelting workshops, which were the main producers of iron tools.
The State of Qi also set up a bell chief in Linzi to manage the minting of the kingdom. The Tongshan copper smelting site in Shandong, the "half two coins" casting mold excavated by archaeological excavations, and the bronze mirror of various colors confirm Shandong's economic strength in the Han Dynasty.
In the Han Dynasty, there was also a hierarchy of travel, and a person with status often had a car and a horse. In the tombs of the princes of the Han Dynasty in Shandong, a large number of colored gold and silver, intricate craftsmanship, and ornate decorations of carriage and horse ware were found!
(Wrong gold, silver and copper shaft decoration.) Collection of Jinan Changqing District Museum)
Gorgeous carriage as an important tool for the princes and nobles to travel, although the wooden body no longer exists, but these exquisite or gilded or pure gold decorations and accessories on the carriage are enough to show the elegance of the vehicle and the dignity of its owner's status.
【List of key exhibits】
"Seal of Tian Yoko" sealed mud
Western Han Dynasty, length 2.7 cm, width 2.7 cm, thickness 0.8 cm, Collection of Jinan Museum.
Wrong gold and silver cloud pattern copper hammer
Western Han Dynasty, length 23.1 cm, caliber 3.8 cm
In 1977, the Juye Laterite Mountain Han Tomb was excavated, and the Juye County Museum collected it, a first-class cultural relic.
"Qi Zhong Commander" sealed the mud
Western Han Dynasty, length 3 cm, width 2 cm, thickness 0.65 cm, Collection of Jinan Museum.
At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Qi set up a bell chief in Linzi to manage the kingdom's coinage.
Amount of bronze
Western Han Dynasty, length 17.7 cm, width 6.4 cm, height 4.7 cm
In 1999, the burial pit of Zhangqiu Luozhuang Han Tomb was excavated, and it was collected by the Zhangqiu District Museum in Jinan City.
Inscription: Five years of water wheel house Xiping clan hill.
"Dushuichuanfu" is the official signature, and the Western Han Dynasty Shaofu has a dushui official, which is related to the "tax of shanhai chize" in the Shaofu. "Xiping Clan Hill" should be the maker. The inscription reads to the effect that in the fifth year of a certain king, the Xiping Clan Qiu of dushuichuan Province made this measuring instrument.
Wrong gold and silver copper ring
Western Han Dynasty, diameter 3.5 cm, thickness 0.5 cm
In 1996, the Changqing Shuang rushan Han Tomb was excavated, and the Changqing District Museum in Jinan city collected it, a first-class cultural relic.
Copper basins
Western Han Dynasty, caliber 52 cm, height 18 cm
In 1999, the burial pit of Zhangqiu Luozhuang Han Tomb was excavated, and the Shandong Museum collected third-class cultural relics.
Inscription: Qi Daguan Right Worker. "Grand Official" or "Tai Guan", the subordinate of the Nine Qing Dynasty, is in charge of meals.
Jade grip pig
Western Han Dynasty, length 12 cm, width 2.1 cm, height 2.6 cm
Bamboo Jane of sun bingbing (reproduction)
The Yinqueshan Han Tomb was excavated and collected by the Shandong Museum
Han Dynasty Dan Pill
Western Han Dynasty, diameter 0.5-1 cm, excavated in 1997 Juye Laterite Mountain Han Tomb, Juye County Museum collection, first-class cultural relics
【Tips】The exhibition is free and open to the public
"Dominating the Orient - Special Exhibition of Han Dynasty Cultural Relics in Shandong" is hosted by Changsha Municipal Bureau of Culture, Tourism, Radio, Film and Television, and co-organized by Changsha Museum, Shandong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Jinan Municipal Museum, Qingdao Municipal Museum, Linyi Museum, Jinan Changqing District Museum, Jinan Zhangqiu District Museum, Juye County Museum and other cultural and cultural institutions. It is another masterpiece of changsha museum's series of special exhibitions on Chinese civilization, which is free and open to the public from January 28 to May 4 (closed on Mondays, except national holidays).
During the exhibition, in order to let the audience have a deeper understanding of the history and culture of the Han Dynasty, Changsha Museum will successively launch cultural activities such as Han Dynasty game experience, theme guided tours, "Xiangcheng Pulpit" expert lectures, reading salons, "Han Dynasty Stories in Idioms" Children's Reading Club, And Han Dynasty Story Improvisation Workshop.
Citizens and friends need to make an online reservation in advance on the "Changsha Museum" WeChat public account, bring valid documents such as ID cards, wear masks throughout the process, show the reservation code and health code, and cooperate with the staff to take body temperature and enter the museum.