This is the 3598th article of Da Medical Care
Diabetes, cliché, a class of diseases that are not unfamiliar to everyone, but we can often encounter in the outpatient clinic with a physical examination report to interpret, the results of a look at fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin has almost been able to diagnose diabetes, you repeatedly tell patients must pay attention to, because considering the first diabetes patients, it is recommended to admit to the hospital system diagnosis and treatment to clarify the classification of diabetes and the evaluation of complications, elderly patients may be relatively more receptive to the doctor's advice, and we know that diabetes is gradually becoming younger, Often those young patients, they will first appear as: doctor, are you making a fuss! Doctor, don't I just have a high blood sugar, as for you to scare me! At this time, no matter how much you spend on your tongue is often ineffective, the patient may leave with the report, and may also let you prescribe some hypoglycemic drugs to take home, and as for whether you will take the medicine regularly on time in the later stage, whether you will control your mouth and open your legs, there is no way to manage, and even some patients think: Anyway, I am taking medicine, I will be assured to eat and drink boldly. Speaking of this, I can only describe it in one sentence - the ignorant are fearless, and as a doctor, at this time, the heart is often full of emotions, indicating that our scientific popularization is still insufficient, and the people's understanding of the harm caused by such a common disease and chronic disease as diabetes is far from enough.
What is diabetes?
In short, blood sugar rises, so how much is blood sugar called diabetes? As non-medical professionals, we only need to know these two values, fasting blood glucose ≥ 7.0mmol/L, postprandial 2 hours blood glucose or random blood glucose ≥ 11.1mmol/L. Then there is another category that we call prediabetes, that is, blood glucose has exceeded the upper limit of normal, but has not yet reached the diagnostic criteria for diabetes, we can also understand, that is, fasting blood glucose is between 6.1-7.0mmol/L, 2 hours after meal blood glucose is between 7.8-11.1mmol/L, in this case, you need to pay attention to it, and you can no longer eat and drink.
What are the dangers of diabetes?
The harm of diabetes mainly lies in its complications, acute complications are mostly induced by infection, irregular medication and sudden discontinuation of drugs, etc., mainly manifested as metabolic acidosis, hypertonic coma, hypoglycemic coma, etc., and the mortality rate is also quite high; and diabetes is more common and more harmful is its chronic complications, more common in diabetic patients with a course of more than 5-10 years, mainly cardiovascular and cerebral kidneys, peripheral nerves, peripheral vascular complications, long-term poor blood glucose control can accelerate the occurrence and development of complications, manifested as coronary heart disease Cerebrovascular accidents, numbness and pain at the ends of limbs, blurred vision, renal insufficiency and even uremia, foot ulcers that cannot be cured for a long time or even amputations, etc., seriously affect the quality of life of patients and increase social medical expenditure. So to some extent, we in the industry often joke that we would rather have high blood pressure than diabetes, because its complications can affect all organs and systems in the body.
What should I do if I have diabetes?
First of all, there are different types of diabetes, for patients with new-onset diabetes, we recommend hospitalization, through the improvement of relevant tests, to clarify the diagnosis and classification of diabetes, while systematically assessing various complications, and finally giving the best hypoglycemic regimen (including lifestyle education, drug selection, etc.). Secondly, all diabetics need lifestyle interventions, keeping their mouths shut, opening their legs, controlling their diet reasonably, and exercising appropriately. Patients and their families should go to the appropriate understanding of how to carry out lifestyle interventions in order to help and urge patients to better self-manage their blood sugar. Secondly, we advocate regular medication, regular monitoring of fasting blood glucose, postprandial 2 hours of blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin, according to these indicators to decide whether to adjust the medication, must not rush to stop or change the drug, and we recommend at least once a year to carry out complication-related assessments, including liver and kidney function, blood lipids, blood pressure, fundus, heart, kidneys, nervous system and other related tests.
Then the blood sugar is high, please don't be afraid, but you must pay attention to it, the General Medical Department of Tongren Hospital gives you professional guidance and treatment on sugar control, so that our doctors and patients can help you do a good job in the comprehensive management of blood sugar. Your health, our pursuit, Shanghai Tongren Hospital General Medicine Department to protect you.
Author: Department of General Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital
Jingjing Ding, Master of Medicine, Attending Physician