Wine utensils refer to drinking utensils, in the Shang Dynasty, with the development of the winemaking industry, at that time there were also people who specialized in winemaking and people who specialized in making wine utensils, with the development of the bronze industry, wine utensils also became more colorful.
Wine vessels are divided into yao, 觯, horns, knights, cups, boats five kinds, each class uses utensils are different, through the use of wine utensils we can also know the size of its class, wine vessels have since become a symbol of identity.
Bronze products began to form in the Longshan era, which is what we know as the Yao Shunyu era, but the bronze products at that time were not very mature, and people could only make irregular forms of utensils.
It was not until the Xia Shang period that the bronze manufacturing industry began to improve, and even reached its peak, and people began to use bronze to make the utensils, weapons, musical instruments and so on needed in life.
Among them, the role of musical instruments is not only for the imperial relatives and nobles to appreciate, musical instruments are also an indispensable member of the ritual sacrifice at that time, the utensils used in the sacrifice, we all call the ceremonial instruments, these ritual instruments can not be used at will, only in the main sacrifice can be taken out and used.
We can find in archaeology that of all the bronze vessels unearthed, the ceremonial vessels are the most numerous, so we can understand that bronzes were one of the sacrifices of people at that time.
The sacrifices were so numerous and exquisite, which also reflected the importance that people attached to the traditional religious spirit of the Shang Dynasty, and the importance attached to the traditional sacrifice rituals at that time laid the foundation for the traditional filial piety culture of the Chinese nation.
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The development of wine culture in the Shang Dynasty and the rise of wine vessels
The development of Shang Dynasty wine culture and bronze wine vessel is the performance of the development of shang dynasty handicraft industry, the circulation of wine culture, so that people began to take wine as one of the drinks that can not be or lacked in life festivals, people began to study wine specifically, created new varieties, wineries began to rise, and the category of wine became rich.
Bronze wine vessel and wine culture is a symbiotic relationship, with the spread of wine culture, people's requirements for wine glasses are more high, the reform and innovation of wine vessels to the wine culture has brought unlimited fun.
In the Shang Dynasty, where science and technology were not developed, people could only design and create exquisite wine vessels through their hands, and every detail of them could be completed through the painstaking efforts of craftsmen, which also showed how skilled the craftsmen were at that time, so that wine vessels also became a symbol of class at that time.
In the Shang Dynasty ceremonial vessels, in addition to the shaping of the shape of the vessels, people also continued to integrate other elements, including gluttonous patterns, cloud thunder patterns, hammer patterns and scales, etc. The craftsmen integrated the animals and plants around them into the traditional ceremonial vessels through the observation of the things around them.
The influence of feudal rituals on bronze wine vessels
Bronze is the earliest alloy in the history of metal smelting and casting, and its principle is to add lead to the copper to become an alloy, which is characterized by low melting point, high hardness and high plasticity. The Shang Dynasty was the period when bronze ware developed to its peak, and people used bronze technology to make the utensils, weapons, agricultural equipment and so on needed around them.
China's Shang Dynasty is the most rigorous period of feudal etiquette, people for the food sacrifice equipment, to distinguish, bronze also with the change of the times, continuous evolution and updating, the emergence of craftsmen, giving bronze a new life, people put animals, characters of the image in the vessel, just like we know from the textbook Ding, is from that period of development, with the development of technology, people can even set the bronze with gems and jade pendants.
The feudal ritual system's bondage to people is also presented in people's attention to ceremonial utensils, and the ritual utensils of sacrifice must be exquisite and exquisite, and the craftsmanship is superb, so as to show people's emphasis on sacrifice and people's status.
The development of the bronze industry manufacturing industry in the Shang Dynasty also reflects the development of the social productive forces of the Shang Dynasty, the complex patterns and craftsmanship, showing people's emphasis on religious belief, and the craftsmen use their works to express their respect for the etiquette system and their belief in God.
The development and change of bronze wine vessels in the Shang Dynasty is a concentrated embodiment of the production technology and artistic expression forms of the people of the Shang Dynasty. Among them, the vicious pattern on the bronze reflects the phenomenon of feudal slavery at that time, allowing us to have a deeper understanding of the historical changes of the Shang Dynasty and the social life phenomenon at that time.
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Source of the article: China Liquor Industry Association Weibo, copyright belongs to the original author.