The Tokyo Olympics have just ended, and Chinese athletes have won 38 gold medals, equaling the number of gold medals in the London Olympic Games, bringing the Olympic Games to a successful conclusion.
In 2008, China also successfully hosted the Beijing Olympic Games on its own, and Chinese athletes sweated hard to win glory for the country and won the first place in the number of gold medals, which fully proved China's current powerful sports strength.
Recalling the past, China sent athletes to participate in the 10th Olympic Games held in Los Angeles in the United States in 1932, and he was also the first Chinese athlete to participate in the Olympic Games, his name was Liu Changchun.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="18" > growing hard</h1>
Since the Opium War, Western culture has gradually been introduced to modern China, and the word movement has begun to appear in the traditional country of China, and has slowly been conceived, rooted and sprouted.
As a Western way of life, sports have gradually entered the vision of modern Chinese people.
At first, China's sports development was basically in a laissez-faire state, and Dong Shouyi, a famous physical educator in China, once said that china's modern sports were gradually mobilized under the impetus of church schools and youth associations.
Church schools not only have physical education courses, but also often organize extracurricular sports activities, and there are often sports meetings and sports competitions between schools and districts. Although the real purpose of the Western forces promoting sports at this time, which is mainly Christian, is not necessarily to strengthen the body of the Chinese nation, it has provided an experience and basic platform for the development of China's sports industry.
In the late Qing Dynasty society under the great changes, although some enlightened intellectuals put forward the doctrine of "morality, wisdom and body" and three educations, sports still only stayed in a game for school students to relax, not to mention how much the education department in the government could attach importance to it.
Even in the early days of warlord warfare and national government rule, sports were still considered a group activity or school game for the people, but the development of sports gave folk sports enthusiasts an opportunity. Through efforts, many sports organizations have emerged in China, which has also laid a good foundation for the development of Chinese sports in the future.
In the 1820s, sports in China began to take shape, and sports events of all sizes became very common and were no longer dominated by church schools. There are five sports activity regions in the country, namely North China, South China, West China, East China, and Central China, and each has its own organizational structure.
In 1921, the chinese amateur games federation was jointly established by all major regions.
In 1924, national sports organizations began to grow. The Third National Games held in this year is a national games of real significance in China's modern history, and the representatives of the five regional sports federations took advantage of this grand meeting to jointly call for the establishment of a regular national sports organization.
Therefore, in August of that year, the first national congress was held in Nanjing, the All-China Sports Association was formally established, Zhang Boling and Wang Zhengting served as the president, and no foreigners in the management agency participated, which also meant that Chinese had a real sports organization of its own and finally embarked on China's own sports road. This organization also opened the way for Chinese sports to go global.
Sports activities and organizations across the country grew stronger and stronger, the Nationalist government soon realized the value that might be generated behind this, and sports activities in modern China began to have official involvement.
After the 1830s, official sports began to appear. Originally, the All-China Sports Association planned to hold the Fourth National Games in Guangzhou, but the National Government ordered the suspension of all preparations for the Sports Association, and the government came forward to prepare for the Games in Hangzhou.
However, the government at that time did not have the experience of hosting such a national sports event, and as a result, the games were held in a mess, and there was even a physical conflict between athletes and referees.
In the women's 200-meter relay run, the championship dispute appeared on the rostrum openly, because of this farce, the conference was forced to suspend for half a day, Zhang Jingjiang, Dai Jitao and other members of the Kuomintang government were helpless, and finally had to announce two firsts, each won a trophy, and this farce was over.
The Nationalist government's interference in sports events was only to make them serve politics, but because of the lack of professional talents, they had to give up, and the figures in the sports association also had complex relations with various factions within the Kuomintang, so that there were all kinds of open and secret struggles in the Chinese sports circles before liberation.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="33" > passive national government</h1>
In 1931, the Chinese Sports Association was recognized by the International Olympic Committee as the National Olympic Committee of China, which created an opportunity for Chinese athletes to participate in such an international event as the Olympic Games. When the news that the 10th Olympic Games would be held in Los Angeles, USA, reached China, the Chinese Sports Association strongly requested the National Government to send athletes to participate, but the Ministry of Education of the National Government refused after a long delay, on the grounds that the time was short and could not make sufficient preparations.
This is obviously just an excuse, the Olympic Organizing Committee usually set aside sufficient time to notify countries before the official start of the Olympic Games, so that countries can have sufficient time to prepare, and it is impossible for china as a participating country to know in advance. The National Government deliberately delayed, shortening the preparation time, and finally could only indicate that there was not enough time to participate.
So why doesn't the Nationalist government want to participate in the Olympics?
The National Government's negative attitude toward the Olympic Games was first of all because the domestic and international situations facing China at that time were very severe, not only China, but also the world powers such as Europe and the United States also reduced the number of people attending the Olympic Games because of the economic crisis at that time. Aphrodite, who was chairman of the International Sports Committee at the time, revealed that even the United States could not send enough athletes to participate in the Olympic Games.
Secondly, after the "918 Incident" in the same year, Japan invaded and occupied the three eastern provinces of our country, Shanghai was also invaded by Japan, and two domestic games were forced to be suspended, and the government pressure was huge, and there was no time to take care of international sports events. Moreover, the plutocrats of the National Government are rampant, the four major families are corrupt, resulting in the national treasury being in deficit for many years, and the problem of people's livelihood has become an important problem for the whole society; coupled with the tightness of foreign wars, military expenditure has made the government's finances even worse.
Third, China's sports industry has just started, compared with European and American athletes, Chinese athletes lack experience in participating in international competitions, daily training also lacks scientific guidance, not to mention the venue, equipment and other hardware conditions, under such conditions, the National Government can not give high hopes to the results of Chinese athletes.
And for the general public, sports have not really been popularized, only in school education has a certain degree of popularity, but when students go out of the school, the word "sports" is mostly left behind.
For whatever reason, the people were very dissatisfied with the negative attitude of the National Government, and the domestic newspapers at that time were full of regrets about the government's refusal to participate:
"The government has a deep regret for the sloppiness of international events, and it would be more glorious to be able to transfer the funds for the national sports conference held by the Ministry of Education to help send players to the United States."
According to calculations, the cost of sending more than a dozen representative teams to participate in the competition was about one hundred thousand silver dollars, and at that time, the games held in China alone were more than one million in private donations, and it was reasonable to say that the funds of more than one hundred thousand yuan were not difficult.
This is not unrelated to the National Government's historical disregard for sporting events. Because the Nationalist government believed that participating in the Olympic Games could not gain any political benefits, the Nationalist government later sent people to participate in the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games on the occasion of the national disaster, and it was precisely because after Hitler came to power, the Kuomintang authorities wanted to collude with the Nazis and gain political benefits, so they actively participated.
At this time, the "puppet Manchukuo" wanted to send two athletes to participate in the competition, which was undoubtedly a provocation to China's sovereignty, but Chiang Kai-shek pursued a policy of non-resistance and turned a blind eye to the provocations of Japan and the puppet Manchu regime, but instead adopted the "Report on the Suppression of Bandits", stepped up the crackdown on the Red Army, and only published in the "Declaration" the news that "the participation of the puppet Manchu regime still needs the approval of the Swiss Federation" to appease the national sentiment.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="48" > supported by all parties</h1>
In fact, before it was reported that the puppet Manchukuo regime would send athletes to participate in the tenth Olympic Games, all sectors of Chinese society did not show much enthusiasm for the Olympic Games, and public opinion also reported very little about the Olympic Games, and there were no reports of the National Government and the Sports Association sending athletes to participate.
In the 1932 Sports Weekly, there were only some forward-looking reports of the Tenth Games, as well as the evaluation of the Olympic Games by the famous physical educator Yuan Dunli, and they were full of criticism.
Yuan Dunli believes that the original intention of the Olympic Games is good, but the process of holding the Olympic Games will bring about the adverse effects of victory and vanity on Chinese athletes. He also believes that the good or bad of the Olympic Games should be explored and analyzed in combination with the actual situation, and the level of international status cannot be improved through competitive sports, and sports must also have educational significance, otherwise it is hypocritical and not worth advocating. On the whole, he has a negative attitude towards the Olympics.
However, after the news of the resolution to allow puppet Manchukuo to participate in the Olympic Games and require it to submit the "national flag and national anthem" was reported at the 29th staff meeting of the Olympic Preparatory Committee held on May 28, the Shengjing Times under the control of puppet Manchukuo and Japan's Tokyo Asahi Shimbun began to be trumpeted.
It was like a bomb dropped into the calm bottom of the lake, public opinion across the country boiled over, national sentiment was ignited again, and reports of the Olympic Games came out overnight.
On May 30, the Shanghai Times was the first to issue a challenge, directly pointing out the absurdity of the actions of the Japanese and puppet Manchukuo regimes. On June 12, the tenth edition of the third sheet of shanghai's "Declaration" directly typed 24 big characters: "Amazing news - the World Games are allowed to send puppet players to participate, how do the Chinese people feel", which profoundly revealed the illegality of puppet Manchukuo and protested that the current government and the sports association disregarded sovereignty and were indifferent to this move.
Japan's move is undoubtedly an attempt to make more countries in the world recognize the legitimacy of the puppet state of Manchukuo through the Olympic Games, which is a complete political fraud.
Under the propaganda efforts of Chinese newspapers and public opinion, the Chinese people quickly realized the insidiousness and hypocrisy of puppet Manchukuo and Japan, so in order to break the Japanese conspiracy, it was necessary to send athletes of the Republic of China to participate, which was the only way to expose the conspiracy of puppet Manchukuo, so the call for liu changchun and Yu Xiwei to participate in the competition became louder and louder.
In addition to smashing the conspiracy of Japan and the puppet Manchu regime, this practice also has the purpose of using this international platform to publicize the truth about Japan's occupation of Northeast China.
In an interview with the Sports Times, Liu Changchun once said: "This participation in the World Games is the first pioneering act of our country, and at the same time it can be said that it is a fact forced by the puppet state of Manchukuo, and it may not be a fact that the non-puppet state of Manchukuo has tried its best to propagate the brothers and Yu Xiwei to participate." This mission, purely on behalf of the Republic of China, I hope that if I have the opportunity, I intend to announce the past situation in Northeast China to the youth of the world and overseas Chinese. ”
This is also a great significance of Liu Changchun's participation in the Olympic Games.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="60" > across the ocean</h1>
In addition, Zhang Xueliang also generously donated to Liu Changchun, who was born in the northeast, to participate in the Olympic Games.
As explained above, the Sports Association does not have enough strength to organize athletes to cross the ocean to compete in the United States, and the National Government is even more reluctant to spend money on this matter that has no political gain, coupled with national turmoil and economic recession, the financial problem of participating in the Olympic Games has become the key to the success of the trip.
When Zhang Xueliang was in charge of northeast China, he once proposed that sports is an important force for rejuvenating the nation, and clearly linked "sports" with "saving the country".
In 1928, Zhang Xueliang also concurrently served as the president of Northeastern University, vigorously developing sports, which made a qualitative leap in the sports industry in Northeast China. For the cause of sports, Zhang Xueliang has always been very supportive, whether it is china's first modern stadium built in Shenyang or holding various sports games, he has contributed money and efforts, this time Liu Changchun represented the country to participate in this sports event, Zhang Xueliang can sit idly by.
Zhang Xueliang's funding of Liu Changchun was not reported in public reports, but in 1932, the "Sports Weekly" published that all the funds for Liu Changchun's trip to the United States were donated, and the donors did not want to announce their names to show their sincerity, and according to Dong Shouyi's recollection, Zhang Xueliang did fund Liu Changchun with a lot of money, and later added more.
Liu Changchun is a native of Dalian, in 1929, at the age of 19, he was admitted to the physical education department of Northeastern University, and later broke the domestic sprint records of 100 meters, 200 meters and 400 meters in succession, and was a well-known sprinter in the country. After the establishment of the puppet Manchukuo regime, in order to gain world recognition, the puppet Manchu regime shamelessly tried to send Liu Changchun to participate in the Olympic Games in order to package itself as its own achievement.
In order to snare Liu Changchun, the Japanese twice went to the door to threaten and induce Liu Changchun, but neither of them wavered Liu Changchun, and Liu Changchun also published patriotic declarations in major newspapers as a counterattack against Japan and the puppet Manchu regime.
In order to clarify the rumor that he would represent the pseudo-Manchu competition, Liu Changchun once submitted an article to tianjin 'Sports Weekly' newspaper, publicly stating that he would not be a puppet cow and horse, and would win glory for Chinese.
Liu Changchun's participation in the competition has been determined, and the funds have also been settled, and the Sports Association hastily generated electricity for the Los Angeles Conference, registering Liu Changchun for the 100 meters, 200 meters and 400 meters, and Registering 800 meters, 1,500 meters and 3,000 meters for Yu Xiwei. However, the registration deadline for the conference has long passed, but fortunately, the Sports Association quickly received a reply, and the Olympic Committee agreed to the Chinese request.
However, due to the tight time constraints, the next trip is also very tight.
At that time, the first class of the American mail ship from Shanghai to Los Angeles cost four hundred dollars, and the second-class Japanese steamship also cost two hundred dollars, in order to save the already small amount of money, after consultation with the American Max Steamship Company, there was a steamship to the United States on July 8, and the fare was also very cheap, so it booked two seats at the group price of one hundred and sixty yuan.
After some twists and turns, Liu Changchun finally arrived in Los Angeles, realizing the first Olympic trip of a Chinese athlete, and his name will forever go down in history.
Unfortunately, due to the backwardness of the training method and the calculation of the schedule, coupled with the three weeks of labor at sea, Liu Changchun only participated in the 100-meter and 200-meter sprint events and failed to qualify.
However, the diary essay written by Liu Changchun during the United States competition was sorted out by reporters and appeared in major newspapers across the country, which made all sectors of Chinese society feel the charm of the Olympic Games and laid the foundation for China to send athletes to participate in the Olympic Games.
Liu Changchun's visit also brought back the training experience of athletes from Europe and the United States to China, promoted the reform of the sports system in primary and secondary schools and the promotion of physical education teaching content, and promoted the public's attention to the domestic sports industry.
The National Government saw that the response was so good, and also began to hold sports research conferences, issue sports books and periodicals, report more sports news, the Ministry of Education also carried out standardized verification of primary and secondary school sports performance tests, in addition, China has since grown a number of female athletes, for the development of military sports and the setting of China's physiological anatomy, have played an important role in promoting.
In addition, at the Tenth Olympic Games and the World Youth Debate Congress, as planned before leaving, Liu Changchun and his party exposed the heinous crimes committed by Japanese imperialism in China, winning the solidarity and sympathy of the representatives of various countries.
As the first person in China's Olympic Games, after the founding of New China, Liu Changchun served as a member of the Standing Committee of the All-China Sports Federation, vice chairman of the Chinese Olympic Committee, and vice chairman of the Liaoning Provincial Sports Association, and continued to make his own contributions to the sports cause of New China.