Chairman Mao was a revolutionary, strategist, and theoretician who was recognized by the whole world as a great cause in the historical process of building and building a new China. He was also a great poet who led the way, writing a large number of immortal poems that were popular among the population. The unity of poetry and history is a distinctive feature of Chairman Mao's poetry, Chairman Mao has been writing poetry and lyrics all his life, according to expert research, his creation has three peak periods, namely the Jinggangshan Struggle and the Central Soviet Period, the Long March period, and the late 1950s to mid-1960s. The first two belong to the war years, and he integrates poetry into the war. Chairman Mao's poems are like a road map for the vicissitudes and great changes in modern China, and they are also a true portrayal of Chairman Mao's brilliant and splendid life of struggle and the course of his heart. Reading Chairman Mao's poems, we can perceive the arduous process of the Chinese Communists in saving the country and the people in the ups and downs of the revolutionary journey, and while appreciating the charm of the poems, they can interpret the extraordinary character and firm and persistent revolutionary spirit of a generation of great people in a certain sense, and feel the mission of the CPC and the glory of the past century.
In the autumn of 1910, Mao Zedong was admitted to the Xiangxiang Dongshan Higher Primary School. Before leaving, at the age of 17, he left a poem for his father:
Bao Er is determined to go out of the country, and he will not return the vow not to learn to be famous.
Buried bones why mulberry land, life is everywhere green mountains.
The work expresses the young Mao Zedong's strong desire to rush out of the remote and isolated Shaoshan Mountain, and the good boy is determined to be in all directions and dare to revolutionize. Although Marxism had not yet reached China at this time, the dark reality had made him unable to settle for the status quo, laying the groundwork for future contacts and acceptance of new ideas and the establishment of the Communist Party of China.
On May 7, 1915, Yuan Shikai brazenly accepted the "Twenty-One Articles" of bereavement and humiliation of the country, and the news came out, and the whole country was indignant. The students of the First Division compiled and printed several anti-traitorous treaties in a book entitled "Ming Shame Chapters." Mao Zedong read it and wrote four vows on the cover:
May 7, the Republic of China is a disgrace;
How to take revenge? In my students!
At this time, a classmate who had been close to Mao Zedong died of illness. On May 23, the Alumni Association held a memorial service for him, and Mao Zedong wrote in his elegy:
I was so depressed that I sang and leaned on the mountain.
Lieshan is green and bald, willing to test the sword;
There are islands in the East China Sea, and there are enemies in the North Mountains.
Who's the son, Anderson is buoyant!
Although the previous four-character poem is short, it fully highlights this important historical event, and the poet's feeling of revenge and hatred is overflowing with words. The language is concise and sonorous. The first two sentences point out the seriousness of the incident: "The Republic of China is a strange shame." A "strange" character points out that Yuan Shikai's promise to the "Twenty-one Articles" proposed by Japanese imperialism is a great shame and humiliation of the Republic of China, and it must not be tolerated! "How to take revenge? In my students. "One question and one answer, straight and powerful. How to avenge snow hate? Only let our young students rise up and save the motherland. And this five-word ancient style, together with the cover inscription of "Ming Shame", expresses the young Mao Zedong's heavy worries about the national crisis and the aspirations of the students who take the snow shame to save the dead as their mission.
When he was studying at the Hunan First Normal School, in 1917 Mao Zedong made a life oath in "Struggle and Self-Encouragement":
Struggle with the sky, the fun is endless!
Struggle with the ground, the fun is endless!
Struggle with people, the fun is endless!
The great man was only in his twenties when he wrote this sentence, what a lofty ambition! What a positive spirit of struggle! This is the real regretless youth!
At that time, he often went to swim in the Xiang River in Changsha with Cai Hesen, Zhang Kundi, Luo Xuezhan and others. In the middle of the water, the poet often chanted oh poems, lyrical speech. This "Seven Ancient Fragments" was chanted in the Xiang River at that time:
Confident that in two hundred years of life, it will hit three thousand miles when the water hits.
Chairman Mao's large-character edition of Nineteen Poems of Mao Zedong, published in September of the same year by the Cultural Relics Publishing House on December 21, 1958, commented on the eyebrows: "Hitting the water: swimming." At that time, when I was a beginner, the water rose in the middle of summer, and several people died. A group of people finally persevered until the middle of winter, still in the river. At that time, there was a poem that I forgot, and only remembered two sentences: 'Confident that in two hundred years of life, you will be hit by water for three thousand miles'. ”
These two poems are also widely quoted on a daily basis, and when we want to inspire our own confidence and continue to struggle, we can't help but read these two poems. "Water Strike Three Thousand Miles" is used in "Zhuangzi Getaway" in "Pengzhi Migration in the South Meditation, Water Strike Three Thousand Miles." The poet leaped heroically in the water to meet the wind and waves, how cheerful, with the feeling of "water hitting three thousand miles", and full of infinite confidence in his future future.
On April 14, 1918, he and Cai Hesen and others founded the Xinmin Society, a progressive group, determined to "innovate scholarship, improve character, and improve people's hearts and customs." Member Luo Zhanglong planned to study in Japan, and Mao Zedong wrote "Seven Ancients, Sending Yu Ichiro to the East" for his travels:
Yun Kai Heng Yue accumulated yin and stopped, and the Pegasus Phoenix Spring Tree was in the spring tree.
Young Zheng Rong Qu Jia Cai, the strange qi of mountains and rivers once belled here.
Jun Xingwu sang for the sake of HairHao, and Kunpeng struck the waves from the beginning.
The waters of Dongting Xiang were rising for days, and the giant ship of Jingsheng pointed straight to the east.
For no reason, he let out a day of sorrow, but fortunately was blown by the east wind.
The husband is full of nostalgia for what he wants to see the universe.
The vicissitudes of the sea are at ease, and the world is full of things.
Manage their own body and mind, and the sun and moon in their chest are often new and beautiful.
The name is five hundred years old, and all the princes are left behind.
Pinglang official has many friendships, and Chongming brings water to the horse's clothes.
Dong Ying Mao Sword has a book, and I return to The Cliff King.
Zhongyu Ichiro is a pseudonym of Luo Zhanglong. The poem is based on narrative friendship, integrating narrative, scenery, discussion and lyricism. The poet expressed his pride and ambition through the description of the state of mind when he bid farewell to Yuichiro, expressed the great ambition of the author to explore life and pursue the truth when he was a student, and told his friends these thoughts and wishes, and encouraged him to work hard for the country, for the people, and for the realization of the historical mission entrusted to us by the times, which was full of feelings of farewell and grandeur, which greatly exceeded the farewell poem in the general sense.
He also gave a parting message, and gave a great song for his friend's long journey, and encouraged each other with this:
If you are strong now, if Tao is in Jun, enter the moral cultivation, and the glory is new!
In the winter of 1920, Mao Zedong and Yang Kaihui married, and in the spring and summer of the following year, Mao Zedong went out to investigate. During the trip, Mao Zedong deeply missed his wife. At this time, Mao Zedong's affection was lingering and he could not help himself, so he casually wrote this poem "Yu Meiren Pillow":
Pile up on the pillow, the river and the sea turn over the waves. The night is always dark, and the lonely cloak sits up and counts the cold stars.
All the thoughts of Xiaolai are ashes, and there are shadows left. A remnant of the moon flows westward, and there is no reason not to shed tears.
In the words, it is written that the sorrow is thick and the pain of insomnia, and "the waves of the river and the sea" are somewhat the same as Li Yu's famous "Yu Meiren" "Asking the Jun can have some sorrows, just like a river of spring water flowing eastward". "The night is always dark, and the lonely cloak sits up and counts the cold stars." Just like Bai Juyi's "long night at the beginning of the bell and drum, Geng Geng Galaxy wants to dawn the sky", whether it is Bai Juyi's "Geng Geng Galaxy" or Mao Zedong's "Several Cold Stars", because it involves long-distance lovesickness, it implies a layer of meaning - insomniacs look for two stars in the night sky, separated by the Cowboy Star and Vega Star on both sides of the Milky Way, which is a secret writing. There are also Ming writings, such as Du Mu", "The night of the heavenly steps is cool as water, lying down to see the morning glory Weaver Star". When sleepless people look for cowherds and Vega stars in the night sky, their "loneliness" boredom can be imagined. Shang yan from a "sad" word, extremely write the depth of thoughts; the lower ones end with a "tear" word, even talking about the pain of thoughts. At the time of writing this, the poet was a 28-year-old young man who had just left school, and it was very natural that his children were long-term, and the so-called "ruthlessness may not be really heroic".
"A hook of the moon flows westward, and there is no reason not to shed tears." The two sentences write the clear scenery at dawn and the people in the words cry with great sorrow, which is similar to the artistic conception of Mei Yaochen of the Song Dynasty", "Five More Thousand Miles Dream, A City Chicken in the Broken Moon". The tears here are the tears of Cao Xueqin's "dripping acacia blood tears and throwing red beans", and the tears shed by Wang Changling's "no golden boudoir sorrows", expressing deep understanding and sympathy for his wife at home. The whole word is bright and smooth, straightforward and simple and full of fun. The water-like tenderness of "sitting up in a lonely cloak and counting cold stars" and the masculinity of "counting the characters of the wind and looking at the present dynasty" can coexist in the heart of one person at the same time.
Mao Zedong also wrote a sad and emotional sentence that sounded tear-inducing: "The whistle has been broken at the sound of the intestine, and from then on the end of the world is a lonely journey", from his poem "He Groom , Farewell Friend", and this poem also has a name "He Groom Gift Yang Kaihui". A whistle, a loving couple breakup, a lonely journey at the end of the world, really makes people cut off! This is the artistic conception borrowed from Meng Haoran's sentence "Where the sun is marching sails, and the end of the world looks at the broken intestines". The full word is:
Wave your hand away from zi. Even more poignantly, bitterly complaining. The corners of the eyes and the tips of the eyebrows seemed to be hateful, and the tears were still there. I know that I misunderstood the previous words. Passing through the clouds and fog, counting the confidants of the world and Ru. Man is sick, does God know?
Nowadays, the frost weighs on the East Gate Road, illuminating the Hengtang half-day remnant moon, and it is as miserable as promised. The whistle has been broken, and the end of the world has been alone ever since. By cutting off the thread of sorrow and hatred. It is like Kunlun collapsing on the wall, and it is just like a typhoon sweeping away the world. Heavier than wings, and cloudy.
The poem was written at the end of December 1923, when the poet left Changsha for Shanghai and Guangzhou to prepare for the First National Congress of the Kuomintang. Previously, in 1922, Mao Zedong founded the Hunan Youth Library, and Yang Kaihui presided over the library affairs. In October 1922, Yang Kaihui gave birth to his eldest son, Mao Anying. Yang Kaihui assisted Mao Zedong in his work while taking the child. In April 1923, Mao Zedong went to work in the Shanghai Party Central Committee and was appointed head of the Organization Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. In November 1923, the second son, Mao Anqing, was born in the Itakura family. When the child is just full moon, he leaves his wife and children, and as a husband and father, he is full of poetry. It is not easy for such a loving revolutionary partner to "cut off" the "wisps of sorrow and hatred" that are entangled in affection. In order to realize the great cause, we must have the determination and courage to "collapse the wall in Kunlun" and "sweep the world by typhoons." At the same time, it also flatters the prestige of the future Revolution. The image of "heavy wings, and clouds" is a metaphor for young partners flying into the clouds like birds flying with wings, and the author ends with a dramatic reunion technique, expressing the hope that the husband and wife will be reunited as soon as possible. This word, like gold, not only portrays the expression of the character, but also expresses the inner realm of the character. The determination to dedicate oneself to the motherland is organically integrated with the tender feelings of the entangled children in the world, allegorizing the scenery, the scene blending, the artistic conception is profound, and the realm is lofty.
In the late autumn of 1925, Mao Zedong left his hometown of Shaoshan to preside over a peasant movement seminar in Guangzhou, passing through Changsha and revisiting Orange Island. In the face of the beautiful and moving natural autumn scenery on the Xiang River, remembering that the Great Revolution was in full swing at that time, but there was an undercurrent of turmoil, how the revolution was put into action, he pondered bitterly and wrote this poem "Qinyuan Spring Changsha":
Independent cold autumn, xiangjiang north, orange island head.
Look at the red mountains, the layers of forests are dyed, the rivers are clear, and hundreds of boats are competing for the current.
Eagles strike long skies, fish soar shallow bottoms, and all kinds of frost days compete for freedom.
Ask the vast earth, who is the Lord of the ups and downs?
Bring a hundred couples who have traveled, reminiscing about the past and the thick years.
Qia classmate is a teenager, the style is flourishing, the book business is angry, and the party is wavy.
Pointing out the country and mountains, stirring up the words, dung soil was ten thousand households in the year.
Have you ever remembered that the middle current hits the water, and the waves stop the flying boat?
Through the depiction of the autumn scenery of Changsha and the recollection of the revolutionary struggle life in the youth, the word is lyrical, pointing to the heavens and the earth: "Who is the lord of the ups and downs?" He raised the question of who should be in charge of the vast land, and expressed the feelings of the revolutionary youth about the fate of the country and the heroic ambition of taking the world as their own responsibility, despising the reactionary rulers, and transforming old China. The whole word is between the pieces, blending into the sense, the scene blends, depicting a colorful and vibrant picture of the cold autumn of the Xiangjiang River, and the surrounding maple forest is like a fire to convey the fiery revolutionary feelings of the lyricist. Red symbolizes revolution, symbolizes fire, symbolizes light, and "ten thousand mountains and red everywhere" is exactly the figurative expression of the poet's idea of "sparking fire", and is a vision of the optimism of the revolution and the future of the motherland.
In 1927, Chiang Kai-shek betrayed the revolution, and the vigorous revolution was in vain. At the Fifth National Congress of the Communist Party of China on April 27, 1927, Mao Zedong's proposal to "rapidly strengthen the land struggle" was not discussed. On July 15, Wang Jingwei announced the "cleansing of the party" in Wuhan, and the two parties were completely divided. On the eve of the defeat of the Great Revolution, Mao Zedong passed through Wuhan, climbed the Yellow Crane Tower with desolate and tragic feelings, and wrote "Bodhisattva Man Yellow Crane Tower":
The vast nine schools flow through China, and the sinking line runs through the north and south. Smoke and rain are reckless, and turtles and snakes lock the river.
Where does the Yellow Crane go? There are tourists left. Pour out the wine, and the mood will rise higher and higher!
The song is only 44 words throughout. However, the atmosphere of the times, class struggle, line struggle and surging feelings are as complex as those of a long story. The whole word buckles the landing scene, highlighting the image of the river, the natural philosophy, political struggle and revolutionary passion are blended, and the theme ideas are particularly concentrated, profound and touching. The scene is combined with key portrayal and atmospheric rendering, and the lyricism is combined with allegorical and freehand techniques, and the realm is subtle and lofty.
The words "lock" and "wear" not only write about the scene, but also reflect the height of the author's residence and the breadth of the field of vision. The material situation of smoke and rain and the turtles and snakes locking the river coincided with the author's melancholy state of mind here and now, symbolizing that the vigorous workers' and peasants' movement at that time was violently attacked by the Kuomintang forces and the rough obstruction of right opportunism within the party, and the reality of the changing political situation in Wuhan implied the author's anxiety about the future of the Great Revolution. Pouring wine into the gushing waters of the river, the agitated thoughts in his heart are as high as the churning waves in the Yangtze River, indicating his determination to fight the reactionary forces to the end.
On August 7, 1927, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held an emergency meeting in Hankou, summed up the bitter lessons of the defeat of the Great Revolution, determined the general policy of the agrarian revolution and armed resistance against the Kuomintang reactionaries, and decided to launch an autumn armed insurrection in the four provinces of Xiang'e, Gansu, and Guangdong. After the meeting, Mao Zedong returned to Hunan as a central commissioner, reorganized the Hunan Provincial Party Committee, and prepared and planned the Autumn Harvest Uprising. About 5,000 troops participated in the Autumn Harvest Uprising and were organized as the First Division of the First Army of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army. On September 9, 1927, the Autumn Harvest Uprising broke out. On the evening of the 19th, the rebel army held a meeting of the Committee of Former Enemies in Wenjia City, and decided to switch from attacking large cities to marching into the countryside, establishing the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base Area, opening up a new situation for the Chinese revolution and putting the Chinese revolution on the right track. Thus there is a high-spirited and vigorous "Xijiangyue Autumn Harvest Uprising":
The army called the Workers' and Peasants' Revolution, and the banner was sickle and axe.
The Kuanglu area does not stop, but must go straight to Xiaoxiang.
The landlords were oppressed, and the peasants all hated each other.
During the autumn harvest, the clouds are sad, and the thunderbolts riot.
The poem contains the composition of the Autumn Harvest Uprising and the direction of the rebellion's planned attack. For the first time, the rebel forces used the name "Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army". The background color of the rebel army flag is red symbolizing revolution, and in the center of the flag is a white five-pointed star representing the Communist Party of China, and the five-pointed star is inlaid with a sickle and an axe, representing the peasants and workers, with the meaning of "the axe splits out of the new world, and the sickle cuts off the old Qiankun". On the side of the flag pants is written "The First Division of the First Army of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army." This banner is an important symbol of the independent leadership of the Communist Party of China over the revolutionary armed forces of workers and peasants. The first sentence of the word points out the military name and the flag name, and the historical status of the Autumn Harvest Uprising stems from this. Xia Yan focuses on the causes, momentum and far-reaching effects of the Autumn Harvest Uprising. Autumn is the season of harvest, and the peasants, who should be full of a sense of gain, become worried and gloomy because of the heavy squeezing of the landlords. "Thunderbolt" is a sign before a storm and thunderstorm. With the intensification of class contradictions and the guidance of the Communists, the peasant masses have constantly awakened, and armed insurrections are on the verge of erupting, with arrows on the string. The Autumn Harvest Uprising was like a swift thunderclap that caught the enemy off guard.
Before the Autumn Harvest Uprising, Mao Zedong worked in the workers' movement, the peasant movement, the student movement and the united front, and even served as a soldier in the Hunan New Army after the outbreak of the Xinhai Revolution for half a year, but never did military work. However, the bitter lesson of the defeat of the Great Revolution has completely awakened the Chinese Communists to use "armed revolution" to counter the "armed counter-revolution." Mao Zedong derived his revolutionary theory from revolutionary practice: "Out of the barrel of a gun comes political power." The Autumn Harvest Uprising brought about a major change in Mao's personal role and life path. From then on, Mao Zedong began to analyze the enemy's situation, arrange troops in formation, and lead troops to fight. He studied war in the war and became a revolutionary leader who rewrote Chinese history and made a difference. The Autumn Harvest Uprising was a major turning point in Mao Zedong's revolutionary career and an important starting point for Mao Zedong's horseback poetry, and as far as poetry creation is concerned, "Xijiangyue Autumn Harvest Uprising" has a watershed significance. The previous poems of Mao Zedong were also written with excitement and enthusiasm, and they were also worried and shouting about China's future and destiny. They are more to express a kind of "book business spirit", showing the grand ambition and fierce ambition of a hot-blooded boy, and conveying the profound thinking and active exploration of a revolutionary aspirant for the noble cause. Compared with "horseback poetry", that kind of "bookish atmosphere" is very different in content, theme and style. After "Xijiangyue Autumn Harvest Uprising", Mao Zedong's poetic style turned to documentary, moving toward war, integrating poetry into war and making war full of poetry. The battlefield smoke is no longer an imaginary scene picture, but his living state, Mao Zedong's military poetry, the pen strength is strong, is the true portrayal of the war situation he personally experienced, has become a magnificent epic of the Acura People's War, but also a wonderful chapter in the history of contemporary Chinese poetry.
After the defeat of the Autumn Harvest Uprising, Mao Zedong resolutely abandoned his original plan to attack Changsha, led his troops to Jinggangshan, and embarked on the road of armed division of the countryside. In August 1928, Du Xiujing, commissioner of the Hunan Provincial Party Committee, ordered the Red 28th regiment and the 29th regiment to go down To Jinggangshan to Shonan. The Gan army took advantage of the void to attack Jinggangshan, and the enemy troops of four regiments attacked the Huangyang Boundary. At that time, there were only two companies of troops on the hill, and by the afternoon, the Red Army had very few bullets left, relying on stones to resist the enemy. At the critical moment, the Red Army scared away the enemy with a single shell. Mao Zedong took advantage of the opportunity to fill in this poem "Xijiangyue Jinggangshan":
The flag is in sight at the bottom of the mountain, and the drums and horns at the top of the mountain are heard. The enemy was besieged for thousands of times, and I stood still.
Barriers have long been tightened, and more united in will. The cannons on the Huangyang Boundary roared, reporting that the enemy was at night.
Through the description of the defense war of the Huangyang Boundary, he passionately sang the heroic fighting spirit of the Jinggangshan soldiers who insisted on holding the base area, and expressed the poet's genius-like strategic and tactical thinking of calmly responding to changes with no change, strategizing, and winning thousands of miles away. The poet adopts contrasting techniques, makes good use of ancient sayings and idioms, describes the magnificent scene, the narrative is clear and condensed, and only writes about the important places and results of the battle, so that the military and people in the base area celebrate the victory of the battle, and the enemy escapes overnight, which can be described as unique and extremely infectious.
From February to April 1929, Chiang Kai-shek and the Gui warlords Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi fought the Chiang-Gui War to control the Two Lakes. In April 1929, the Gui clan abandoned Wuhan and lost to Guangxi. In May 1929, Deng Zihui wrote to inform Mao Zedong that due to the Jiang-Gui War, the Kuomintang troops in western Fujian entered Guangdong to attack the Gui clan, and the local area was empty. Zhu De and Mao Zedong led the Red Fourth Army to take advantage of the favorable opportunity to enter western Fujian in late May. The Red Army also carried out armed struggle and mobilized the masses in Gannan to carry out the agrarian revolution, and the revolutionary base areas in western Fujian were initially formed. Seeing that the Red Army was growing stronger, Chiang Kai-shek hurriedly dispatched troops to launch the first "hui suppression" against the Western Fujian Soviet Region and the Red Army, and in September the "hui suppression" failed. In October, the Jiang-Gui War broke out again, the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army entered Fujian for the third time, nearly a million people in the hundreds of miles area were liberated, Soviet power was generally established in the counties of the base area, the agrarian revolution was launched, and the revolutionary forces were developed. Inspired by this victory and encouraged by the prospects of the revolution, Mao Zedong filled out this poem "Qingping Le Jiang Gui War":
The storm suddenly changed, and the warlords resumed war. Sprinkling into the world is a complaint, a pillow of yellow sorghum reappears.
The red flag crossed the Ting River and went straight down to Longyan Shanghang. Packing up a piece of Jin Ou, dividing the fields and dividing the land is really busy.
This poem was first published in the May 1962 issue of People's Literature, with only the word plate "Qing Ping Le" and no writing time. In the "Poems of Chairman Mao" published by the People's Literature Publishing House in December 1963, the title of the poem has been added to the word "Jiang Gui War", indicating that the time of writing is "Autumn 1929".
The narrative, discussion and lyricism of the whole word are mixed and blended, and there are both realistic movements and expressive wonders. It shows the great historical changes in which a generation of leaders have witnessed the prosperity of the people and themselves, and at the same time reflects the great historical changes in the ownership of the poor peasants, which contains very profound historical content.
On the Chongyang Festival in 1929 (October 11), Mao Zedong was recuperating from illness on the Linjiang Tower in Shanghang County, and the Chongyang Festival came, and the yellow flowers in the courtyard bloomed like scattered gold. At this time, Mao Zedong had left the leadership position of the Red Fourth Army, and his dreams and reality once again shifted, so he composed this poem "Picking Mulberry Seeds and Chongyang":
Life is easy to grow old, and the years are heavy. Now it is sunshine again, and the yellow flowers of the battlefield are particularly fragrant.
The annual autumn wind is strong, not like spring light. Like spring light, the frost of the river is as thin as the sky.
This poem sheds the "tragic autumn" of the ancients, sweeps away the decadent and depressed atmosphere, and evokes the heroism and noble sentiment of people fighting for the ideal with a magnificent and splendid poetry and a high and exhilarating pride, and walks alone in the poetry world. The whole poem has feelings and scenes, color and fragrance, and melts poetry, wild interest, and philosophy into one furnace, forming a vibrant poetic realm, which not only praises the agrarian revolutionary war, but also shows the heroic and open feelings of the author, poet and soldier. With magnificent and splendid poetry and high and exhilarating pride, it evokes the heroism and noble sentiments of people who strive for ideals.
In 1929, the main force of the Red Army went on an eastern expedition, established the base area in western Fujian, and conquered Shanghang County in Fujian province in September, but at that time, there were differences of opinion within the Red Fourth Army on issues such as the principles of army building and the establishment of base areas, and Mao Zedong was forced to leave the main leadership position of the Red Fourth Army in June and July. Three months later, the Party Central Committee corrected the mistakes of the former commander-in-chief of the Red Fourth Army, and in November Mao Zedong returned to the Red Fourth Army and resumed as the main leader. In December, the Gutian Conference was held to rectify the Red Army and rectify the different opinions. During the Spring Festival of New Year's Day in 1930, Mao Zedong led a part of the Red Fourth Army from Gutian to the north through Gutian, Ninghua, Qingliu, Naturalization and other places east of Liancheng, and crossed the Wuyi Mountains to Jiangxi. During this march, Mao Zedong described the scene of the march with the title of "New Year's Day" and wrote this little poem "Like a Dream Order: New Year's Day":
Ninghua, clear stream, naturalization, road pass forest deep moss slippery.
Where today is, pointing directly to the bottom of Wuyi Mountain.
Down the hill, the wind shows the red flag like a picture. ”
The six sentences and 33 words of the whole word, using the method of combining detailed description and white painting technique, vividly recorded the route, direction and purpose of the Long March of the Red Army, and praised the revolutionary spirit of the Soldiers of the Red Army who were indestructible and marched forward victoriously.
In January 1930, Peng Dehuai led the Fifth Red Army from Xianggan to Ganxi and surrounded Ji'an with Huang Gongluo's newly formed New Sixth Army. In late January, the second column of the Red Fourth Army led by Mao Zedong arrived in Guangchang County, Jiangxi, met Zhu De's troops, and occupied Ningdu and other counties, and then moved to the Jishui area. From February 6 to 9, the Red Fourth Army, the Fifth Army, the Sixth Army, and the Ganxi Special Committee held a joint meeting in Pitou, Ji'an County, and made a decision to attack Ji'an City. During this period, Mao Zedong filled out this poem "Minus Magnolia Flower Guangchang Road":
The sky was white, and the march in the snow was even more urgent.
Head high mountains, the wind swept the red flag over the mark.
Where is this trip? The Ganjiang River is full of wind and snow.
The order was issued yesterday, and 100,000 workers and peasants went down to Ji'an.
Shang'an depicts the scene of the march in the snow, and the opening chapter is based on snowflakes, setting an unusually broad background for the whole song, and also setting the tone for the whole text, and then turning to writing people, depicting a picture of the marching in the snow. The soldiers of the Red Army braved the severe cold, braved the wind and snow to advance, the military situation was urgent, and the wind and snow were severe, which undoubtedly increased the difficulty of marching, but the determination of the Red Army soldiers to complete the task was even stronger and more urgent. The next film indicates the purpose and direction of the march. The language is extremely easy, but the force has a thousand jun, first suppressed and then raised, the focus is on the back, so that the emotion and atmosphere of the whole article are completely changed. Taken from the revolutionary journey, this short order naturally combines pride with reality, realism and romance, and has both inspiring power and lasting artistic charm.
In June 1930, the First Army of the Red Army (initially known as the First Route Army) marched from Tingzhou (Changting) in Fujian Province into Jiangxi Province. In August, marching from Jiangxi to Hunan, he met with the Third Army of the Red Army led by Peng Dehuai in the northeast of Liuyang and decided to form the First Front of the Red Army. In September, the Red Army attacked Changsha Weike. In the summer of the same year, due to the melee between Jiang, Feng, and Yan in Henan and other places, there were no strong enemies in Jiangxi and Hunan for several months, except for large and medium-sized cities such as Changsha and Nanchang. Therefore, Mao Zedong persuaded the cadres of the Red Army to change the instructions of the Party Central Committee that established the three lines at that time, and divided the troops to capture Chaling, Youxian, Liling, Pingxiang, Ji'an, Xiajiang, Xinyu (present-day Xinyu), and other places, occupying a large area, expanding the troops, and preparing conditions for crushing the enemy's first "encirclement and suppression." "Butterfly Love Flower: From Tingzhou to Changsha" is written about the heroic mood of the Red Army in June and July:
In June, the Heavenly Soldiers conscripted corruption, and the Ten Thousand Elders wanted to tie up the Kunpeng. The red corner of Ganshui is on the other side, and the partial division borrows Huang Gongluo.
Millions of workers and peasants rushed to sweep across Jiangxi and Directly attack Xiang and Hubei. An international lament song, a wild ride for me to fall from the sky.
Many metaphors were used in the words, and the revolutionary storm swept through China rapidly, and the workers and peasants were very enthusiastic in entering the ranks of the Red Army. At the same time, he also praised the bravery and resourcefulness of the general Huang Gongluo. The concept of the "international anthem" of the international lament appears in this poem, showing that the storm of the Chinese revolution is united with the liberation movement of the world proletariat, which further increases the heroic spirit of revolutionary optimism in the poem.
In October 1930, after ending the Central Plains War, Chiang Kai-shek mobilized 100,000 troops, with Lu Diping, chairman of the Kuomintang Jiangxi Province and commander-in-chief of the Ninth Route Army, as commander-in-chief, and Zhang Huizhan, commander of the Eighteenth Division, as the commander-in-chief of the front line, and launched the first "encirclement and suppression" against the central revolutionary base areas. Under the command of Mao Zedong and Zhu De, the Red Army adopted the principle of "enticing the enemy to go deep" and the tactic of "breaking through in the middle" and moved to the central part of the Soviet Zone one by one. On 6 December, the enemy began to attack the central part of the Soviet zone. On December 29, two brigades of the enemy's 18th Division penetrated Longgang alone. On the 30th, the Red Army suddenly launched a siege against the enemy who entered the Longgang ambush circle with superior troops, completely annihilated the enemy and captured Zhang Huizhan alive. At this time, the other enemy troops who penetrated deep into the base area contracted one after another, and the Red Army pursued the victory to the east, and then annihilated half of Tan Daoyuan's division in Dongshao, and the other enemy troops retreated in a hurry. In this way, with the support of the masses of the people, the Red Army fought two victorious battles in five days, annihilated a total of 13,000 enemy troops, captured more than 12,000 weapons of various kinds, and won the first victory against "encirclement and suppression".
Wanmu Frost was red in the sky, and the Heavenly Soldier was angry. The fog was full of Longgang Qianling, and in unison, Zhang Huizhen was caught in front of him.
Two hundred thousand troops re-entered Gansu, and the wind and smoke rolled in for half a day. Arouse millions of workers and peasants, work with one heart, and do not make red flags and chaos under the mountains.
The first half of this word was written in one fell swoop on the night when Mao Zedong was pleased to hear of the great victory in the Battle of Longgang, and the third sentence was originally "to arouse millions of workers and peasants", and then in the spring of the following year, when Mao Zedong heard that the enemy would gather a larger army for the second great "encirclement and suppression", his heart fluctuated, and he was heroic and difficult to reconcile, so he wrote the second half of the whole poem in one go. After finishing the draft, Mao Zedong found that both the upper and lower halves had the sentence "arouse millions of workers and peasants", so he changed the third sentence of the first half of the book to "fog is full of longgang and dark mountains". It can be seen that the first half of this poem is written in victory, but the second half is another male voice to express the determination to face the battle for the second time.
In the last line, the poet uses the story of the ccp foreman not touching the Zhou Mountain in the ancient Chinese myth, in his eyes, the gonggong is the victor, is the hero who dares to revolution, and the gonggong touches the mountain with his head as a metaphor for the Red Army soldiers who will eventually overthrow the Chiang family dynasty. With the capture of Zhang Huizhan, the Kuomintang's first major "encirclement and suppression" of the Central Soviet Region failed.
In April 1931, Chiang Kai-shek launched the second major "encirclement and suppression" of the Soviet zone. Mao Zedong personally commanded the Central Red Army, and in fifteen days (May 16-30), he broke the "encirclement and suppression" with great pain. After the victory of this anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign, in the summer of 1931, the lyricist composed an ode to the victory of the people's war ideology, "Fisherman's Pride, Anti-Second Great 'Encirclement and Suppression'":
The clouds at the head of Baiyun Mountain want to stand, the cry under Baiyun Mountain is urgent, and the dead wood decay plants are working hard together. Gunfired, the flying general threw himself into the air.
On the fifteenth day of the seven-hundred-mile drive, the Ganshui River was vast and the Mountains were blue, sweeping through a thousand armies like a sweep. Some people cry, for the camp step by step!
The first film of this word specifically describes the battle of Baiyun Mountain, and the second film summarizes the victory of the entire battle. Although the whole article is only 62 words, it vividly describes the thrilling battle scenes of the second anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign in which "the voices are urgent" and "guns are pressed"; it recounts the heroic spirit of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army in "working hard together" and "re-entering the army"; it shows the revolutionary momentum of the heroic army and the revolutionary people "sweeping through a thousand armies like a blanket"; and ruthlessly exposes and ridicules the essence of the Kuomintang reactionary paper tiger and its inevitable demise. The song rhymes with a sonorous sound and a great momentum, like the beating of war drums and the blowing of trumpets.
"Qing Ping Le Huichang" was written by Mao Zedong in July 1934 after climbing the mountain in Huichang:
The East wants to know, and Mo Daojun is early. The people who have stepped through the green mountains are not old, and the scenery is unique here.
The peak outside Huichang City, upside down directly to Dongming. The warrior pointed to Nanyue, which was even more lush.
During this period, Mao Zedong had no right to speak in the party and the army, but he was not discouraged, adjusted his mentality, and insisted on his own views. If the upper part is mainly lyrical, then the lower part is mainly a scene. Specifically, it was written about the victory of the Red Twenty-second Division in the southern front. After Mao Zedong wrote this poem, he quickly left Huichang. He received an urgent letter from Ruijin asking him to rush back. On the day he ascended Huichangshan, the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee and the Central Revolutionary Military Commission had already made an important decision, issued the "Instructions for the Sixth Army and the Xianggan Military Region," and dispatched Ren Bishi, Xiao Ke, and Wang Zhen to lead the Red Sixth Army to break through the southwest of Hunan and march west. This indicates that the unprecedented and world-renowned Long March is about to begin.
In October 1934, the main armies of the Central Red Army set out from the areas of Changting and Ninghua in western Fujian and Ruijin and Yandu (renamed Yudu in 1957) in gannan and began a 25,000-mile long march away from the central base area of Jinggangshan. Chiang Kai-shek had repeatedly tried in vain to use the natural dangers of the XiangJiang, Jinsha, dadu and other waters to block and eliminate the Red Army, while Mao Zedong and other leaders of the Red Army always relied on the mountains to open up the road of armed division of the cities surrounded by the countryside, and even used the mountains as a cover when strategically retreating, jokingly calling himself the "king of the mountains." Mountains occupy a strong place in Mao's poetry. In the autumn of 1910, Mao Zedong made a heroic vow of "burying bones and roots, life is everywhere green mountains", from Shaoshan to the outside world. Under the Yuelu Mountains, he "pointed out the rivers and mountains, stirred up the words, and excreted the land of ten thousand households"; pondered bitterly on the revolutionary future after the defeat of the Great Revolution under the Guishan Mountain and the Snake Mountain where "smoke and rain were reckless"; "aroused millions of workers and peasants" in the Areas of Jinggang Mountain and Wuyi Mountain, igniting the spark of armed division; he "swept through a thousand armies like a sweep" in the Longgang, Baiyun Mountains, and Minshan Mountains, smashing the "encirclement and suppression" of the reactionary army again and again; he was worried about the fate of the Red Army at huichang Mountain, which was in danger due to the failure of the fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression"; he led the Red Army over the Wuling Mountains. LouShan, Cangshan, Wumeng, Minshan, Liupanshan, Kunlun and other lofty mountains and mountains are constantly getting rid of the enemy's encirclement, pursuit, blockade and interception. When Mao Zedong issued an order, "Zhongshan is windy and rainy, and a million male teachers have crossed the river", Chinese people have finally overthrown the three mountains and ushered in "the world is turned upside down" and "a singing rooster is white".
Mountains and rivers are repeated in Mao Zedong's poems. The three lyrics of "Xijiangyue Jinggangshan", "Water Tune Song Head, Heavy on Jinggangshan", and "Nian Nujiao Jinggangshan" are a microcosm of Mao Zedong's mountain complex. Jinggang Mountain is the mountain of revolution, the mountain of battle, the mountain of heroes, and the mountain of victory. The red base area is built on the mountain, and the red flag of the Chinese revolution is planted on the top of the mountain, "the flag under the mountain is in sight", "the red flag is in sight under the mountain", "the red flag is picturesque under the mountain", "the red flag under the buzhou mountain is chaotic", "the peak on the Liupan Mountain, the red flag is rolling in the west wind", "the mountain is on the head, and the wind rolls the red flag over the big pass", which can also best embody the true colors of Mao Zedong's poets, politicians, and poets. "The Red Army is not afraid of the difficulties of the expedition, and the thousands of rivers and mountains are only idle" "The mountains are high and the roads are far and deep, and the large army is running in all directions", "Pointing straight to the bottom of wuyi mountain", "The five ridges are soaring and the waves are soaring, and the mud pills are majestic in Wumeng", "It is like Kunlun collapsing on the cliffs", "Piercing the blue sky and the sky is not broken", "The mountain dancing silver snake, the original chi wax elephant, wants to compete with the Tiangong test", "The battle flag on the Miaoxiang Mountain", the image of the revolutionary conqueror jumps on the paper by means of the "mountain".
Mao Zedong's mountains, no matter the season, no matter the shade, become a landscape: Chunshan is "cloud opening hengyue accumulation of yin, tianma phoenix spring tree"; Xiashan is "after the rain to re-tilt the sun, Guanshan bursts of cang"; Qiushan is "see ten thousand mountains red everywhere, layers of forest dyed"; Winter Mountain is "more joyful Minshan thousands of miles of snow". Morning Mountain is "long sky goose called Frost Morning Moon", Twilight Mountain is "Cangshan is like the sea, remnants of the sun like blood". The mountain on a sunny day is "the sky is high and the clouds are light", the mountain on a rainy day is "the rain comes up from the green field", and the mountain on a foggy day is "foggy and dark in Longgang". Mao Zedong was fond of the aesthetic experience of "jumping on the green four hundred spins", convinced that "there is nothing difficult in the world, as long as you can climb it", and know that "infinite scenery is on a dangerous peak".
From 1934 to 1935, during the March of the Long March over the mountains and mountains, Mao Zedong wrote the "Three Songs of the Sixteen-Character Order" with a joyful mood specifically on the theme of mountains:
Mountain, fast horse plus whip without saddle. Looking back in horror, three feet three feet away from the sky.
Mountains, upside down seas turn over rivers and rivers. Rushing and rushing, ten thousand horses are still fighting.
The mountain, pierced the blue sky and was not damaged. Heaven wants to fall, and it depends on it.
The first poem is ostensibly about the height of the mountain, but in essence it is about the spirit of the Red Army when it crossed the mountain, defying difficulties, forging ahead, and being unyielding. Quoting a folk song as the original note, describing the height of the mountain as "people must bow their heads, horses must saddle down", the Red Army in front of such a high mountain, but "fast horse whip has not saddled", the Red Army did not get off the horse, of course, will not bow its head.
On the surface, the second song is extremely big about the size of the mountains and the majesty and steepness of the mountains, but in essence it is about the majesty and heroic spirit of the Red Army fighting heroically in the midst of ten thousand mountains. The poet used the sea and ten thousand horses to compare and describe the mountains, and vividly wrote the momentum of thousands of mountains and mountains.
The third poem is written about the steepness of the mountain, quoting the myth of Nüwa to make up for the heavens: "The Gonggong clan and the Huan clan fought for the emperor, they were invincible and angry, but the head could not touch the landslide, the heavenly pillar was broken, the earth was lacking, the Nüwa clan refined five-colored stones to make up for the lack of heaven, and the broken jaw was enough to erect four poles." "The depiction of the mountain is naturally reminiscent of the Red Army soldiers who stood tall and tall like the mountains." Relying on it" vividly expresses the poet's tenacity and sense of revolutionary mission.
These three poems are written from different angles and with different emphases, but together they are complete group poems, depicting the imposing shape of the Yungui Mountains, which are independent but complement each other, using the creation method of the overall symbol, using the image of the mountain to symbolize the image of the Red Army. The mountain became a grand metaphor and symbol. Through exquisite artistic conception, the symbolist and the symbolized person are intrinsically connected in terms of momentum, spirit, spirit and temperament, forming a unified whole. There is no one in sight, but everywhere. It is not only to write the mountain, but also to write the Red Army, both the Song of Yongshan, but also the music of the praise of the heroic Red Army, through the Yongshan to sing the praises of the Red Army, the artistic conception is magnificent, spectacular, heroic, the use of exaggeration, metaphor, symbolism, allusions, foil, admiration, lyricism, intention and other techniques, the rhythm is compact, extraordinary. Xin Shuyi, the leader of the Southern Song Dynasty' lextics, once wrote: "I see how feminine Qingshan is, and I expect Qingshan to see that I should be like this, and my feelings and appearance are slightly similar." "Write about your personality with the rugged charm of the mountains." This kind of prose culture writing method is already a breakthrough in the traditional original words, and a thousand years later, Mao Zedong more boldly used the technique of figurative imagination and used the magnificent language to write a small order with a new look, which was unprecedented in the history of word creation, and only a great man with such a bold mind could create such a large-scale and atmospheric small order.
After the beginning of the Long March, the cadres and fighters of the Red Army reviewed the defeat of the fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign and gradually realized that this was the result of rejecting Mao Zedong's correct leadership. After the capture of Loushan Pass and the occupation of Zunyi City, the Politburo of the Central Committee held an enlarged meeting in Zunyi, ending the rule of the "Left" dogmatic error in the Central Committee and establishing Mao Zedong's leadership position in the CPC Central Committee and the Red Army. At this time, Mao Zedong was more calm and sophisticated, and his thinking was more meticulous and thoughtful. In the Zunyi Campaign, the Red Army annihilated two divisions and eight regiments of the enemy, capturing more than 3,000 enemy troops, dealing a heavy blow to the arrogance of the Kuomintang army and inspiring the fighting spirit of the Red Army, but Mao Zedong did not blindly optimism, but more calmly pondered the way out of the revolution. After the Zunyi Conference, Mao Zedong composed "Remembrance of Qin'e Loushanguan":
The west wind is fierce, and the long sky geese call frost morning moon. Frost morning moon, horseshoe sound broken, trumpet sound swallowing.
Xiong Guan Man Dao is really like iron, and now he steps forward from the beginning. From the beginning, the mountains are like the sea, and the remnants of the sun are like blood.
The poet depicts the magnificent group of red army generals marching rapidly on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, wearing stars and wearing moons, and still fighting continuously at dusk, and the situation is solemn and depressing. Taking the word "fierce" that originally meant to describe the fierceness of the fire to describe the west wind, vividly and vividly wrote out the vastness and mightiness of the west wind, like a raging fire, successfully setting off the atmosphere and tone of the vast and even a little sad. Because of the cold, I felt that the west wind was fierce, and it was precisely because the road was difficult that I felt frost; it was precisely because of my depressed mood that I could hear the geese crying bitterly, the sound of horses' hooves shattering, and the sound of trumpets. Through the hardness and heaviness of the object of "iron", the "hardship" is artistically concretized and visualized, which makes people have a sense of surreality, so it has been widely recited and become a good sentence. The three words "from the beginning" condensed the feeling of striving to break through in the heart, and showed the strong determination, fearless courage, heroic arrogance and confidence of the revolutionary contingent to cross the xiongguan and overcome the dangers and obstacles. The two scene sentences of "Cangshan mountains are like the sea, and the remnants of the sun are like blood" are written, and the metaphorical sentences with vivid colors not only depict the scenery, but also full of feelings, the blood of the Red Army soldiers stains the lofty mountains of Loushan Pass red, and the flag of the Red Army flutters in the fierce west wind, which looks particularly bright red in the sunset. In the words, the upper part writes the scene and the lower part is lyrical; the upper is depressed, the lower is excited; the upper is cold and the lower is warm, and the strong contrast reflects the optimism spirit of the poet and the courage of Ruoding as a great conductor of a generation.
In June 1935, after the Soldiers of the Red Army crossed the MinShan Mountain, the Long March was about to end in victory, as the leader of the Red Army, Mao Zedong endured countless tests, and now, the dawn is in front, victory is in sight, he is full of excitement and pride, and in late September 1935 he wrote this magnificent poem "Seven Laws • Long March":
The Red Army is not afraid of expeditions and difficulties, and thousands of rivers and mountains are just waiting for idleness.
The five ridges are full of fine waves, and the mud pills are walking in the mud.
The golden sands and waters beat the cloud cliffs warmly, and the Dadu Bridge crossed the iron cable cold.
More happy with the snow of the Min Mountains, the three armies after the end of the face.
This is a revolutionary epic that recounts the historical event of the 25,000-mile Long March, which shocked the world. It not only highly summarizes the course of the Red Army's battle to seize the pass and kill the enemy with a concise pen, but also artistically and vividly expresses the indomitable, heroic and tenacious fearless spirit and revolutionary optimism of the soldiers of the Red Army with revolutionary passion. It has a vast realm, a vast meteorology, a majestic artistic conception, a magnificent momentum, an unrestrained emotion, and a strange conception. It is a shining pearl in the vast sea of poetry, and it is a rare epic poem in the history of Chinese literature that sings about major historical events.
In August 1935, the Communists represented by Mao Zedong crushed Zhang Guotao's line of splitting the Red Army. In mid-September, the Red Army conquered the dangerous Lazikou. On October 7, the Red Army defeated the enemy cavalry regiment that had come to intercept it at Qingshizui at Liupan Mountain in Ningxia. In the afternoon of the same day, with a drum of enthusiasm, he crossed the Liupan Mountain, sent a lyrical view, and wrote "Qingping Le Liupan Mountain":
The sky is high and cloudy, looking at the flying geese in the south. Less than the Great Wall is not a good man, the itinerary is twenty thousand.
The peak of Liupan Mountain, the red flag swept the west wind. Today the long wisp is in hand, when will it tie the dragon?
This poem reviews the journey of the Long March and expresses the iron will of the soldiers of the Red Army to bravely march forward and the firm belief in the victory of the War of Resistance. Shangyi wrote a vast realm of pen, writing standing on the peak of Liupan Mountain and looking up at what he saw. Although it is a scene, it is allegorical in the scene, expressing the strong will and determination of the Communist Party of China and the Red Army to go north to the anti-Japanese front. Xia Yan first picked up the lyrical chant of the last sentence of the poem, turning the place where the pen was written back to the realistic scene of Liupan Mountain, the key is that the flag of the Red Army is flying on the peak, which is the strength of faith and the strength of perseverance! This is a victory song of advancing in battle, an uplifting and fighting manifesto, rich in meaning, with clear layers and catchy layers, which has been widely circulated in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, and during the Liberation War, Yan'an Radio Station also often recited and broadcast it.
In 1935, the Central Red Army completed the last part of the Long March and was about to reach northern Shaanxi. Mao Zedong climbed to the summit of Minshan Mountain, looked at the vast Kunlun Mountains in qinghai and filled in this poem "Nian Nu Jiao Kunlun":
Born out of nowhere, Mang Kunlun, reading the spring colors of the world. Three million jade dragons flew up, stirring up the cold of Zhou Tian. In summer, the rivers are overflowing, and people may be fish turtles. Who has ever commented on the sin of a thousand autumns?
Now I call Kunlun, don't be this high, don't want this snow. Andre leaned on the heavens to draw his sword and cut Ru into three sections? One section of Europe, one cut of the United States, one cut of return to the East. Taiping world, the world with this cool and hot.
Mao Zedong borrowed words to allude to his feelings, firmly believing that the ideals he defended and pursued belonged to the middle of the road and would be universal to all mankind. This ideal is the final victory of the world revolution, the complete burial of imperialism.
When the main force of the Central Red Army arrived at the town of Wuqi in northern Shaanxi, the cavalry of Ma Hongkui and Ma Hongbin of Ningxia followed, and Mao Zedong and Peng Dehuai drafted a telegram advocating a blow to the Majia cavalry in order to prevent the enemy from being brought into the base area. After defeating the pursuing cavalry, on October 21, 1935, Mao Zedong wrote this poem "Six Words poem to Comrade Peng Dehuai":
The mountain is high and the road is far and deep, and the army is running in all directions.
Who dares to cross the knife? Only I Am General Peng!
The first sentence was an electric text sentence, but changed the "ditch depth" to "pit deep" and gave it to Peng Dehuai, who after receiving the poem, changed the last sentence to "The Heroic Red Army Only Me" and returned it to Mao Zedong. The poem was first published in the Newspaper of Comrades-in-Arms on August 1, 1947. This is a format of the old style poem, each sentence is six words, the occasional sentence rhymes, the first sentence can be pledged or not, and the number of sentences and the number of sentences are not as strict as the law poems.
In February 1936, Mao Zedong and Peng Dehuai led the Red Army's Long March troops to a victorious victory in Yuanjiagou, Qingjian County, northern Shaanxi, preparing to cross the river and march to the anti-Japanese front. In order to inspect the terrain, Mao Zedong climbed on the snow-covered mound at an altitude of 1,000 meters, and when the great rivers and mountains of "a thousand miles of ice" and this snow-capped land were displayed in front of his eyes, he could not help but feel a thousand emotions, and his poetry was greatly excited, and he gladly raised his pen and wrote this magnificent poem "Qinyuan Spring Snow":
The scenery of the northern country, thousands of miles of ice, thousands of miles of snow. Looking at the inside and outside of the Great Wall, only the rest is reckless; the great river is up and down, and it is suddenly lost. Mountain dancing silver snake, the original chi wax elephant, wants to be higher than the Tiangong test. On a sunny day, look at the red dress, especially charming.
There are so many delicate rivers and mountains, causing countless heroes to bend their waists. Emperor Han Wu of Qin lost his literary style slightly; Emperor Songzu of Tang was slightly inferior. A generation of heavenly pride, Genghis Khan, only knows how to bend the bow to shoot large eagles. Count the popular characters, and look at the present dynasty.
The film on this word describes the magnificent snow scenery of the northern country, spanning thousands of miles, expressing the lyricist's love for the magnificent rivers and mountains of the motherland. The next film discusses lyricism, focuses on commenting on historical figures, praises contemporary heroes, and expresses the heroic ambition of the proletariat to be the true master of the world. It integrates scenery, discussion and lyricism, "than" and "endowment" appropriately, good at integrating the statement method of "endowment" into "ratio", thus forming a relatively majestic style of words and a broad and profound realm, with a broad and far-reaching weather, a heroic mind, unrestrained feelings, a strange conception, a magnificent artistic conception, and a magnificent momentum. It is a shining pearl in the vast sea of poetry, a rare epic poem in the history of Chinese literature that sings about major historical events, has always been the favorite of everyone, and every time it is read, it seems to be back to that war-torn era, and I have seen the great man who pointed out the country and the mountains, becoming a poem with a very high popularity rate.
On August 28, 1945, Mao Zedong flew from Yan'an to Chongqing and negotiated with the Kuomintang for 43 days. On October 7, Mao Zedong wrote to Mr. Liu Yazi in a letter to Mr. Liu Yazi: "When I first came to northern Shaanxi and saw heavy snow, I filled in a poem. And this word was given back, praised by Liu Yazi as a song for eternity, and immediately published in Chongqing's "Xinhua Daily", which was a sensation. However, from the day of its publication, the poem has been subjected to many malicious attacks, sparking a protracted debate. Some people say that it has imperial thoughts and monarchical atmosphere; some people say that it exaggerates and boasts and digresses; some people say that it is improperly compared and lacks twists; some people say that its words are sparse and bland; and even some people say that it is imitation, ghostwritten by others... Taken out of context and on the surface, they regard gold and jade as masonry.
The pursuit of art is implicit, and there is no hole in the word. This song is derived from snow and named after snow, but it is not written for snow, but it is borrowed from snow. Each sentence means something, a true expression of what the poet thinks and thinks, and the poet's answer to many major questions. The sincerity of his emotions, the far-reaching meaning, and the incisive philosophy are amazing.
The Qingming Festival in 1937 was a very special day for the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum in Qiaoshan, Huangling County, Shaanxi Province. After a decade of civil war, the Communist Party of China and the Chinese Nationalist Party simultaneously sent representatives here to pay tribute to the Yellow Emperor, the ----, the ancestor of Chinese humanities. The Communist Party of China paid tribute in the name of Mao Zedong, chairman of the Chinese Soviet Government, and Zhu De, commander-in-chief of the People's Anti-Japanese Red Army, and the tribute was written by Mao Zedong:
Hehe Ancestor, Wuhua Zhaozao, Yin Yan Qimian, Yue'e Hehao. Wise and wise, the light is desolate, build this great cause, and stand majestically in the East. The vicissitudes of the world, the more the fall, the more thousands of years, the stronger the neighbor contempt. Liutai is not guarded, the three Koreas are ruins, the Liaohai Yanji, the Han traitors are many! I am a slave to the enemy of the earth, and the enemy is full of desires, and the man is holding a flogging rope. Yi Wei my ancestors, the Ying of the Fate, Zhuo Lu fought, Ou Yu Yining. His Miao descendants, not as martial as The People of China, and the great power of Yangyang, let it degenerate. The east is not talented, the swords are all fighting, the miles are rugged, and they serve the country. Years of bitter fighting, prepared for adventures, the Xiongnu have not been destroyed, why should they be home. All parties and all walks of life are united and strong, regardless of military or civilian, rich or poor. The National Front, the remedy for saving the country, forty thousand people, resolutely resisted. Democracy and republicanism, reform of internal affairs, one trillion trillion, the war will be won. Return my rivers and mountains, defend the mainland power, this thing and this aspiration, never be slandered. After the army was reorganized by Wu, the ancestors were informed, and the truth was realized, and the emperor was the queen of the heavens. ShangYi. ”
There are 56 sentences in total, 8 of which summarize the great cause of the Yellow Emperor, and the rest write about the actual experience of the Chinese nation and the views of the Chinese Communist Party on the current situation. The whole article clearly states that everything is based on the fate of the country and the nation, and the feelings of "thousands of miles are rugged and serve the country" are overflowing with words. At the same time, we call on all parties and all walks of life to seek common ground while reserving differences, to share the same hatred and hatred, and to jointly defend foreign insults, so that the great cause of the great ancestors will be like the rebirth of the phoenix. Mao Zedong's tribute text, full of literary brilliance and passion, makes people feel proud of the nation, and their blood is boiling, which can be called the "Table of Renunciation" in which the descendants of Yan Huang's descendants resisted foreign insults at the moment of national peril in modern times! According to Hong Kong's Ta Kung Pao, Mao Zedong sent his "Tribute to The Yellow Tomb" to Fan Changjiang, who had traveled to Yan'an as a reporter for the Ta Kung Pao, hoping that he would "pray for release when possible," but due to political reasons at the time, the article could not be published in newspapers and periodicals in the Kuomintang region.
During the Chongqing negotiations in August 1945, Mao Zedong met with Soong Ching-ling, Feng Yuxiang, Liu Yazi and other democrats, well-known figures in the women's circles, national industrial and commercial circles, and foreign friendly figures.
Where there is land and land, we are our lords, and lawlessness is for the people.
Chongqing has officials and officials, and Yan'an has no land and no gold.
Blowing up bridges and digging roads is unity, and fighting for land and fighting for the city is a struggle.
The city was full of blood, and there was nothing more than a thought to save the lives of the people.
The poet borrowed poetry to say: Struggle will shed blood, and the land of China is full of mourning and blood, but all this is nothing more than to finally save the Chinese people and save them from the fiery old China. We are fighting for land and fighting for the city in order to struggle against the reactionaries and to build a brand-new socialist China, and this is the conviction and conscience of the Communists.
At the beginning of the Kuomintang civil war in 1947, the Chinese People's Liberation Army was in a passive state, and the enemy was strong and weak. However, in more than half a year, the war situation in the whole country has been reversed, and the people's liberation army cameras in major battlefields have entered the stage of strategic counter-offensive. On the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival, Mao Zedong strolled along the Yellow River near Shenquan Fort, recalled the major changes in the war situation over the past year and more, and could not help but think of many thoughts, so he composed this poem "Happy News and Good News":
Autumn breeze on the river, Ohno into the sky. Jia Ling goes with everyone, and the bright moon is born in the clouds.
The hometown is full of sounds, and the wife and children have not been informed. Man Yu frequently looked forward, and the triumphant song played the border city.
These five laws are lyrically restrained, joyful and colorful, and can best reflect the generosity, elegance and confidence of a commander-in-chief. The whole poem is clearly marked in the beginning and end of the poem, the first link in the autumn is high and refreshing, it is up; the jaw is linked to the mid-autumn moon, it is the inheritance; the neck is said to have regrets, it is turned; the tail link is deeply happy, it is a combination. The whole poem is popular and fresh, the lyricism of the scene is staggered, undulating, and the majesty is seen in the plain, and the boldness is seen in the gentleness.
In 1949, the land of China underwent earth-shaking changes. The People's Liberation Army won the three major battles of Liaoshen, Huaihai, and Pingjin. A million heroic divisions forcibly crossed the Yangtze River with the force of destruction and decay, and occupied Nanjing, the seat of the Kuomintang central government. The liberation of Nanjing marked the complete collapse of the Kuomintang regime's rule on the mainland. In April, the poet wrote this poem "Seven Laws: The People's Liberation Army Occupies Nanjing":
Zhongshan was windy and rainy, and millions of heroes crossed the river.
The tiger is better than the past, and the world is turned upside down.
It is advisable to chase the poor and the poor, and not to become the overlord of the famous school.
If the heavens are full of love and the heavens are old, the right way in the world is vicissitudes.
The whole poem not only describes the great historical event of the People's Liberation Army's occupation of Nanjing, reveals its great significance, shows its excitement, and not only exhausts reason, events, and feelings; it also shows the poet's far-sightedness, innovation, freedom, and vigor, showing the poet's talent, courage, knowledge, and strength.
October 1, 1950, the first National Day of the People's Republic of China, was jubilant throughout the country. On October 3, a grand celebration party was held at Huairen Hall in Zhongnanhai, Beijing, where representatives of various ethnic minorities gleefully presented flags to Chairman Mao Zedong and other leaders to express their joy and reverence. After that, various ethnic minority cultural and labor troupes performed programs, singing and dancing. Liu Yazi was sitting in front of Mao Zedong, and Mao Zedong said happily: "Such a grand situation, why doesn't Mr. Yazi fill in the words to Zhisheng?" I'll come and go. "Liu Yazi's impromptu chant "Huan Xi Sha": The fire tree and honeysuckle never sleep, the brothers and sisters dance, and the song is sung through the moon. Not one person can lead, then allow the hundred tribes to join Khotan? The good night event is unprecedented!
The next day, Mao Zedong gladly agreed with the words "Mr. Huan Xi Sha and Liu Yazi":
The long night is difficult to mingchi county, the hundred-year-old devil dance is staggering, and the people are not reunited with half a billion.
A singing rooster is white, the music of all sides is in Khotan, and the poet will be even more forward.
"Huan Xi Sha and Mr. Liu Yazi" is a song and harmony work, from a high point of view, from a large place to write, touching the present and looking back at the past, exquisitely conceived. The Shang Dynasty exposed and criticized the dark rule of old China, and wrote in a few words about the suffering and pain of the Chinese nation. Xia Yan depicts the gratifying scene of the people of all ethnic groups turning around and liberating. "A singing rooster is white in the world", quoting Li He's "To the wine line" "the rooster is white in the world", is a metaphor for the birth of new China like a rooster singing, driving away the long night and ushering in infinite light. Mao Zedong's association with the historical stage of "the past is more than a thousand years" from the literary and artistic stage of the National Day gala not only praises the tremendous changes that have taken place after the founding of New China, but also shows that the long-standing Chinese civilization is full of vitality.
The War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea was a very severe test faced after the founding of New China. As early as three months before the first anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China, Mao Zedong and other Chinese party and government leaders had a grand plan in mind: to send troops to aid the DPRK in resisting the United States. From October 25 to November 5, the first battle of the Volunteer Army into korea won a huge victory, annihilating more than 15,000 enemy troops in the area of Myoheungsan in northwestern Korea, initially stabilizing the Korean war situation. When the good news reached China, Mao Zedong was overjoyed. At this time, I just got a poem filled in by Liu Yazi after watching the "Peace Dove" dance drama: "Before the white dove even dances." The masses of workers and peasants are boundless. Overturn the atom more golden circle. The war peddler clique hates the US imperialists, and the fortress of peace embraces the Soviet Union. Ten thousand red yan on Tiananmen! So he took advantage of the rhyme and a poem "Huan Xi Sha and Mr. Liu Yazi":
Before the kings of Yan Qi were killed, the contradictions were boundless for many years, and now they have swept away the new era.
The most popular poet sings to, is in line with the frontline Jieyin, Myoka Mountain Battle Banner Yan.
There is a saying in the poetry world: words of pleasure are difficult to be good, and words of mourning are easy to work. As a poet, Mao Zedong used 42-character harmony words, not only Taoism and ancient and modern China and foreign countries, but also wrote very happy feelings, and he was a master of poetry. Mao Zedong wrote "Before the Death of The King of Yan Qi", using an allusion, that is, the plot of the "Yan Chu Says the King of Qi" in "Warring States Policy And Qi Ce IV", showing that the establishment of people's power that Mao Zedong was committed to advocating was able and good at handling relations with quiet and upright scribes such as Liu Yazi, and created a new era of respect and love for talent.
The words enthusiastically praised the founding of the People's Republic of China as a new era that ushered in China's history; by praising Mr. Liu Yazi's patriotism in resisting US aggression and aiding Korea and his revolutionary spirit of opposing US imperialism, he vividly displayed the atmosphere of unity and harmony between the CPC and the people of various democratic parties, and expressed Mao Zedong's joy in celebrating the victory of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army in the initial battle of the Korean battlefield. This harmony song shows Mao Zedong's broad mind in natural and easy language, with a major theme and a lofty realm.
The historical story taught Mao Zedong that in old China, the ruling Kuomintang regime wanted other political parties to obey its political ideas, while the Chinese Communist Party and the democratic parties jointly insisted on opposing dictatorship, and the struggle against the Kuomintang continued for many years. Only in New China was the state of antagonism between Yan Yu and King Qi swept away. What pleased Mao Zedong even more was the democrat Liu Yazi's denunciation of the US military, the enthusiastic praise of the strength of the Chinese people and the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party. It coincided with the joint issuance of a "Joint Declaration" by the various democratic parties in the country, solemnly declaring: Resolutely support the struggle of the volunteer army against the American aggressors. It was precisely because of the great enemy at present and the unity of the Chinese people that the democratic parties of New China and the Communist Party of China showed solidarity and solidarity with each other that they won the great victory of Miaoxiangshan and opened up a new era in history.
A small word, in the midst of simplicity, conveys a long and profound meaning, expressing lofty and prosperous meetings, which is really thought-provoking. He is good at looking at things from the perspective, weaving through the contours of time and space, writing a sense of history, giving a sharp contrasting evaluation of positive and negative black and white, praising the victory of the revolution and praising the new birth of democracy. The soaring of the peace dove, the good music of Miaoxiang Mountain, and the singing of Huan Xisha seem to play a symphony of joy in Mao Zedong's chest. In the midst of singing, it is not only the elegance of singing, but in fact, in the understatement, the big theme of the fate of the country and the future of mankind is sung.
In June 1955, Mao Zedong returned to Changsha, Hunan Province, to inspect the work. Revisited, full of pride. On June 20, he jumped into the Xiang River in the southern suburbs of Monkey Rock, swam for a long time, and landed at the archway mouth under Yuelu Mountain. Then accompanied by Zhou Shizhao, ascend Yuelu Mountain. Subsequently, Zhou Shizhao wrote the poem "Seven Laws from Mao Zedong's Climbing Yuelu Mountain to Yunlu Palace": "The sound of the rolling river walks around the white sand, and the fluttering flag shadow rolls the red xia." Straight up to the cloud foothills of three thousand zhang, to see Changsha millions of homes. The homeland has been empty for several years, and the east wind is full of green mulberry. The southern tour has seen Sheng Pingle, and he uses the book to praise Wuhua. He sent this and several other poems to Mao. On October 4, Mao Zedong replied: "I am very interested in reading the masterpieces, and I will make peace with them; I still pray for correction." In return for this poem "Seven Laws - And Comrade Zhou Shizhao":
The mighty Spring River wandered for a while, and then stepped on the peak to look at the eyes.
The wind blew the waves from the oasis, and the rain came up the mountain from the green field.
ZunQian talked about laughing people still, and the chicken worms outside the territory were sad.
Mo sighed that Shaohua was easy to pass away, and thirty years were still in Hexitai.
It is a beautiful and moving political lyric poem. Through the review and recounting of the scene of the spring tour to Changsha, it not only vividly depicts the magnificent rivers and mountains of the motherland, but also shows the poet's broad mind of looking at the world and looking forward to the future. The first half of the poem focuses on writing scenes, with magnificent scenery and vast realms; the second half focuses on lyricism, sincerity and open-mindedness. From scene to lyricism, from Changsha to the international community, reflects the broad mind and deep thinking of a leader.
1956 was the year of great victory in China's socialist revolution and socialist construction. Everywhere is a busy construction scene of "summoning up all the energy and striving for the upstream", and the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge is entering an intense construction stage. Chairman Mao, on the other hand, spent two and a half months from the beginning of the year to investigate the comrades of 34 economic departments. Then he held enlarged meetings of the Politburo of the Central Committee on April 25 and May 2, and twice made important reports entitled "On the Relations of the Ten Congresses," proposing to mobilize all positive factors at home and abroad to jointly serve socialism. After that, Chairman Mao set off for the south to inspect the work, from Guangzhou to Changsha to Wuhan. During his stay in Wuhan, he inspected the construction site of the Yangtze River Bridge, and on June 1, 3 and 4, he swam the Yangtze River three times to express his pride, and won the poem "Water Tune Song Head Swimming":
Only to drink Changsha water, but also eat Wuchang fish. Thousands of miles of the Yangtze River crossed, extremely eye Chu Tianshu. No matter the wind and waves, it is better to walk idly, and today it is more than enough. Son in Kawakami: The deceased is like a sif!
The wind is moving, the turtle and snake are quiet, and the grand plan is raised. A bridge flys north and south, and the graben changes its path. More erect the stone wall of the West River, cut off the clouds and rain of Wushan Mountain, and the high gorge comes out of Ping Lake. The goddess should be unharmed, and be amazed by the world.
Chairman Mao loved swimming all his life, and he had a unique love for the landscape and water of the motherland and his own experience. When he was young, he wrote heroic poems such as "Confident life for two hundred years, when the water hits three thousand miles" and "to the middle of the current to hit the water, the waves to curb the flying boat" and other heroic poems. Chairman Mao was 63 years old when he wrote the poem "Water Tune Song Head: Swimming", but he still had great ambitions. From the comfortable feeling of swimming in the previous film and the sense of the passage of time and the sense of light passing, he wrote to the free association of the blueprint for socialist construction in the chest in the next film, which can be said to be undulating and the atmosphere swirling.
On February 27, 1956, Mao Zedong stressed at the Supreme State Council that "the whole party should be mobilized and the whole people should be mobilized to eliminate schistosomiasis." In the end, it took only two years to eradicate schistosomiasis. On June 30, 1958, the People's Daily reported the news with a front-page headline. Mao Zedong was so pleased after reading them that he wrote these two poems the next morning, and described the joy of composing the poems in a beautiful passage under the title: Reading the People's Daily on June 30, Yujiang County eliminated schistosomiasis. Imagination, can't sleep at night. The breeze is dawning, the rising sun is near the window, looking at the southern sky, gladly ordering the pen.
"Seven Laws and Two Songs: Sending the Plague God":
One:
Green water and green mountains are self-defeating, Hua Tuo helpless little worm He!
Thousands of villages are left behind, and thousands of xiaoshu ghosts sing.
Sit on the ground and travel eighty thousand miles a day, survey the sky and look at a thousand rivers.
Niu Lang wanted to ask about the plague god, just as sad and happy as the waves of death.
Second:
There are thousands of spring wind willows, and 600 million Shenzhou is shunyao.
The red rain turns into waves at will, and the green mountains turn into bridges.
Tianlian Wuling silver hoe fell, and the earth moved the three rivers iron arm to shake.
Asking the plague king where he wanted to go, the paper boat burned brightly in the sky.
This poem is not only profound in thought, but also bold in spirit. This is not only due to the far-sightedness and broad-mindedness of the poet as the leader of the people, showing the infinite universe and long history in the poem, but more importantly, the poet has a strong love for the motherland and the people, and a fierce feeling for the cause of socialism. Therefore, once he learned of the ancient good news that "Yujiang County has eliminated schistosomiasis", he was very excited, and the poetry surged up, so that the poem was filled with wind-inspired spirit and outstanding pride. Poetry is like a man. This poem is the embodiment of Comrade Mao Zedong's great personality and boldness, and only Comrade Mao Zedong can compose such a magnificent poem.
In 1957, Mao Zedong wrote "Butterfly Love Flower Answer Li Shuyi", which was given to Li Shuyi, a Chinese teacher at Changsha Middle School in Hunan Province at that time:
I lost pride in Yang Jun and lost willow, and Yang Liu flew straight up to the heavy Xiao Jiu. Asking Wu Ganghe everything, Wu Gang held out osmanthus wine.
Lonely Chang'e Shu wide sleeves, long miles in the sky and dance for loyal souls. Suddenly reported that the human world had ambushed the tiger, and the tears flew down as a downpour.
The word "Liu" refers to Li Shuyi's husband, Liu Zhixun, a martyr from Changsha, Hunan Province, and a comrade-in-arms of Mao Zedong in his early years, who was mistakenly killed in September 1932 in Jianli, Hubei Province, at the age of 34. In February 1957, Li Shuyi sent Mao Zedong a poem she wrote in honor of Liu Zhixun, "Bodhisattva Man", so there was this "Butterfly Love Flower".
In this poem, it is written in the film that the loyal souls of Yang Kaihui and Liu Zhixun, two martyrs, went to the Moon Palace and were warmly entertained by the immortal Wu Gang. The next film depicts the immortal Chang'e performing songs and dances for the loyal souls of the two martyrs to welcome them. When the souls of the two martyrs heard the news of the victory of the revolution, they shed tears of joy. This poem expresses the author's feelings of infinite reverence for the two martyrs, and also writes about the revolutionary spirit of the two martyrs. Word by word, we can appreciate the majestic and vast scene, and infect the fearless and optimistic spirit of Lotte Daguan and laughing at the wind and clouds. Enter the enchanting and beautiful mood!
In 1959, Mao Zedong returned to his hometown for the third time after leaving his hometown, and after 32 years of separation, the appearance of his hometown changed completely. Looking back on the past and feeling the poem "Seven Laws to Shaoshan":
Don't dream of faintly cursing the passing river, the old garden thirty-two years ago.
The red flag rolled up the serf's halberd, and the black hand hung high over the overlord whip.
In order to have the courage to sacrifice more, dare to call the sun and the moon for a new day.
Happy to see the rice and the thousand heavy waves, heroes everywhere under the sunset smoke.
Through the review of the history of the Shaoshan people's revolution and the depiction of the people's commune members who have won a bumper harvest through enthusiastic labor, they praise the arduous fighting spirit of the revolutionary people and praise the style of the Chinese people fighting in heaven and earth.
Shaoshan was mao zedong's hometown. In January 1925, Mao Zedong returned to his hometown from Shanghai to establish the Shaoshan branch of the Communist Party of China and organize the People's Association. In January 1927, when Mao Zedong inspected the peasant movement in Hunan, he returned to Shaoshan to give lectures to the masses, organize forums on the work of the peasant movement, and listen to reports from party branches. In particular, he pointed out the need to build a peasant revolutionary armed forces and to be ready to smash the counter-revolutionary conspiracy to sabotage the peasant movement. The Kuomintang reactionaries launched the "April 12" counter-revolutionary coup and the "Ma-Ri Incident," which aroused the anger of the broad masses of workers and peasants, and Shaoshan set up the Xiangning Border Region Headquarters of the Peasants' Self-Defense Army to prepare to cooperate with friendly forces in seizing Changsha, but chen Duxiu's erroneous leadership of right opportunism did not succeed. The opposition army attacked Shaoshan, and the peasant self-defense army finally failed due to the disparity in the crowd.
Although in 1959, the young republic was in trouble due to natural and man-made disasters at home and abroad, and Mao Zedong was worried at this time, as a romantic poet, he found a spiritual strength in his hometown and in history. Chinese people were able to defeat all enemies without fear of sacrifice in the years of the revolutionary war, and what terrible is there in the temporary difficulties now? This gives the poet great comfort and fills the poet's heart with passion. Although it is written about Shaoshan, it actually summarizes China, in fact, the situation in all parts of China is the same as that of Shaoshan, and the Chinese people have experienced the test of blood and fire, and finally ushered in the founding of New China.
This poem is freehand with scenery, the combination of virtual and real, and the corresponding movement and stillness, not only writing about the scenery of ascending high and looking far away, but also writing about the feelings of extremely far-reaching. The majesty of Lushan Mountain and the grandeur of the Yangtze River, through the poet's rich feelings and majestic penmanship, appear majestic and full of spirit.
On the eve of the Lushan Conference in 1959, Mao Zedong ascended Lushan Mountain, and he looked at the mountains and rivers from afar. Faced with the vast and distant scenery and the sea of clouds, the poet's heart surged with heroic feelings for the cause of socialist construction, so he wrote this hymn of the poem "Seven Laws and Climbing Lushan Mountain":
A mountain flew over the river, jumping on the verdant four hundred swirls.
Cold eyes to the ocean to see the world, hot wind and rain sprinkled on the river sky.
The cloud crossed the nine sects of floating yellow cranes, and white smoke rose under the waves.
Tao Ling did not know where to go, peach blossom source can be cultivated?
Lushan is a place where literati gather, and the poems of the landing song are endless, among which the best works are repeated, which discourages future generations, how dare you chant again, try your hand. But Mao Zedong, a generation of great poets, will use his life, experience, talent, and arrogance to sing a song.
On October 1, 1959, after the National Day parade militia was inspected, militiaman Li Yuanhui took a photo with full armed force and treasured the photo in his leather bag. In the winter of 1960, Mao Zedong went to Zhejiang, Guangdong and other places to investigate and study, and Li Yuanhui and others accompanied him as a staff member. This photograph happened to be seen by Mao Zedong, and Li Yuanhui gave it to Mao Zedong, who made a seven-piece poem for the photo. In the spring of 1961, Mao Zedong wrote this seven-piece poem "Inscriptions for Female Militiamen" on rice paper at the Juxiang Bookstore in Zhongnanhai, Beijing, and gave it to Li Yuanhui:
A five-foot gun in a heroic posture, the dawn of the first light of the military field.
The sons and daughters of China do not love red clothes and love arms.
Li Yuanhui treasured this handwriting as a treasure. Mao Zedong's handwriting has seen a total of five pieces, one of which was published in December 1960 and revised and finalized in February 1961. The poem was later published in the 1963 issue of Mao Zedong's Poems by the People's Literature Publishing House, entitled "Portraits for Female Militiamen." The "makeup" words for "red makeup" and "martial makeup" in the poem have been changed to "dress", and "soaring" has also been changed to "sassy". Since then, Mao Zedong's "Inscription for female militia" has spread throughout the country through major media, and as a lyric, it has been sung all over the country.
The author uses the pen of imagination to describe, uses rational thinking to discuss, so that image thinking and rational thinking are organically combined and complement each other. From the historical height of the great victory of the Chinese revolution, he was far-sighted and enthusiastically praised the heroic ambitions of the sons and daughters of China, and then expressed his feelings and elevated the beauty of the image of the female militia into the beauty of the spirit, entering a new realm.
September 9, 1961, was the thirty-fourth anniversary of mao zedong's proud autumn harvest uprising. In the face of the domestic and foreign situations of internal and external troubles, although he had a desolation component in his heart at this time, it was more of a tenacious and confident person in the author's personality and the spirit of struggle that was not afraid of pressure.
The twilight sky looks strong and loose, and the chaotic clouds are still calm.
Born a fairy cave, unlimited scenery in the dangerous peak.
Li Jin is Jiang Qing. Xianren Cave, under the bergamot rock of Lushan Mountain, west of the Muling Mountains, is about two zhang in height and three or four zhang in depth and width, and is said to be the residence of the Tang Dynasty immortal Lü Dongbin. According to the content of the photographs and the actual situation of life, Mao Zedong first created two main images: "Jinsong" and "Immortal Cave". Then create secondary images such as "twilight", "chaotic clouds" and "dangerous peaks", which appear in the poem as a background, thus constituting the artistic realm of the "infinite scenery" of Lushan Immortal Cave. It is not only vivid, magnificent, and deeply infected, but also contains a profound philosophy between the lines, so that people can get inspiration: for each of us, whether it is doing business or learning, in order to achieve the ideal to unremittingly pursue, struggle; or when we are frustrated in the journey of life, in adversity, we should be full of confidence in victory, unremitting efforts, dare to climb dangerous peaks, to win the final victory.
In December 1961, Mao Zedong was in Guangzhou, preparing for the upcoming enlarged work conference of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. He read Lu You's "Bu Operator Yong Mei" and felt that the words were good, but the will was depressed, and he could only borrow its form, not its meaning, so he continued a song with a different style of Words from Lu You's words, the main purpose was to encourage everyone to despise difficulties and dare to overcome difficulties, so there was this "Bu Operator Wing Mei":
Wind and rain send spring home, flying snow welcomes spring arrival. It is already a cliff full of ice, and there are still flowers and branches.
Pretty also do not compete for spring, only the spring to report. When the mountain flowers were full of flowers, she laughed in the bushes.
This chant is a model of using reverse thinking to write, using the techniques of comparison and rejuvenation, organically integrating the natural beauty of plum blossoms with the virtue and beauty of people, reaching the highest realm of "the unity of heaven and man". The clever use of symbolism, anthropomorphism, foil, metaphor, exaggeration, confrontation, thimble and other rhetorical techniques in the words writes out the challenging personality and humble and selfless high wind and bright festival of the plum blossom, creates the beautiful and tenacious image of the plum blossom, encourages people to have the optimistic spirit of being mighty and indomitable and revolutionary to the end, and perfectly realizes the purpose of the tosay. Shangxia mainly writes about the beautiful posture of plum blossoms proud and open, depicting the beauty, positivity and firmness of plum blossoms; The lower part mainly writes about the spiritual outlook of plum blossoms, showing the style of plum blossoms that are strong and unyielding, not afraid of the cold, full of confidence and modesty in spring. As it is said in the preface to the word, "Read the words of Lu You YongMei and use them in the opposite sense." "Because at that time, the situation at home and abroad was relatively grim. Western countries led by the United States have been blocking China's economy. In June 1960, a meeting of representatives of the Communist and Workers' Parties was held in Bucharest, Romania, and a heated debate broke out among the Chinese and Soviet delegations. After the meeting, the Soviet Union withdrew its experts, tore up agreements and contracts, and cut off China's normal channels for obtaining advanced technology and equipment from abroad. At the same time, China is in a difficult period of three years and is experiencing an unprecedented severe test. In the face of serious difficulties, Mao Zedong always maintained the fearless spirit of the Chinese nation to withstand the pressure of great power chauvinism. Chinese people's spirit of independence and self-reliance has won universal praise.
In the winter of 1962, China experienced a three-year catastrophe and famine, and foreign countries were clamoring against China, but the real revolutionaries were more spirited and highly motivated. Winter is here, will spring be far away? Mao Zedong wrote the poem "Seven Laws of Winter Clouds" on his birthday in 1962:
Snow pressed winter clouds white flying, thousands of flowers are rare for a while.
The sky is high and the cold is rushing, and the earth is slightly warmed and blowing.
There are unique heroes who drive tigers and leopards, and there is no Haojie who is afraid of bears.
Plum blossoms rejoice in the snow, and it is not surprising that flies freeze to death.
"Snow presses winter clouds flying white, and flowers are scattered for a while" refers to the grim situation facing China in those years: three years of natural disasters, the deterioration of Sino-Soviet relations, the Chiang Kai-shek clique clamored to counterattack the mainland, and India invaded a large area of the mainland. But things must be reversed, which is the dialectical law of the change and development of all things. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, Chinese people overcame natural disasters, and by the second half of 1962, the economy began to emerge from its trough. At the same time, the attacks of the CPSU and other communist parties were publicly defended and their true colors were exposed; counterattacks in self-defense crushed the aggression of the Indian army; and other reactionaries were also vigorously countered. The fighting spirit of the righteous master continues to be high, no matter what situation occurs and what difficulties are encountered, it will forge ahead and fight to the end. This is fearless heroism, a noble heroic character, belonging not only to the Chinese people, but also to the poet himself.
This poem successfully uses the artistic techniques of metaphor, symbolism, and contrast, alternating and complementing each other, and powerfully expressing the emotional will of the author. Poets symbolize the sinister international environment with "winter clouds," flying snow, and withered "thousands of flowers," "heroes" and "haojie" symbolize the Chinese people represented by fearless poets, "tigers, leopards, and bears" symbolize powerful international anti-China forces, "plum blossoms" symbolize the Chinese nation, which has endured hardships and hardships and become stronger and indomitable, and "flies" symbolize countries and political parties that have succumbed to power. At the same time, the sinister environment is contrasted with the strong will of the lyrical protagonist, and the weak and small "fly" is contrasted with the "plum blossom" that stands tall in the snow, one is anti-positive, one ugly and one beautiful, with anti-writing positive, ugly highlighting beauty, effectively strengthening the expression effect.
In the winter of 1962, the Soviet Union published a series of articles in its newspapers attacking the Chinese Communist Party. At the end of the same year, Guo Moruo filled in the term "Manjiang Hong" to express the belief that the Chinese people would win the struggle in the face of anti-China forces, and also praised the strong Chinese people under the leadership of Mao Zedong and Mao Zedong Thought. After reading it, Mao Zedong wrote this and lyrics on January 9, 1963, "Comrade Man Jiang Hong and Guo Moruo":
A small globe, with a few flies hitting a wall. Buzzing, a few mournful, a few sobs. The ant edge is exaggerated, and the grasshopper shakes the tree. The westerly wind is falling under the leaves of Chang'an, flying and singing.
How many things, never urgent; the heavens and the earth turn, time is pressing. Ten thousand years is too long, only to fight for the day. The four seas churned with clouds and water, and the five continents shook and thundered. Sweep away all pests and be invincible.
From beginning to end, this poem runs through the ideological will to oppose imperialism and hegemony and defend Marxism-Leninism and proletarian internationalism. The film uses many allusions to ridicule, expose, and lash out at the hegemonists' anti-China behavior, and the tone is cold and humorous. The next film is "high chanting and thunder", integrating scenery, lyricism, and discussion in one furnace, enthusiastically praising the surging world revolution, and the style is majestic and magnificent. The upper and lower pieces are seamlessly integrated, forming the artistic characteristics of opening and closing, showing a kind of beauty of the greatest to the strongest.
"Good Eight Companies on Nanjing Road" is famous at home and abroad along with Chairman Mao's "Miscellaneous Poems and Eight Consecutive Odes" composed on the Founding Day of the Army in 1963. In May 1949, the eighth company of a certain unit of the Chinese People's Liberation Army was stationed in Nanjing Road, the most prosperous area in Shanghai. Shanghai is not only a place where Chinese industrial workers are concentrated, but also a place where imperialist and comprador capitalist forces are concentrated, and the influence of bourgeois ideology and style is relatively large. After the founding of New China, the imperialists predicted that the Chinese Communist Party would mold, blacken and rot in Shanghai. However, after 14 spring and autumn seasons, groups of cadres and soldiers of this company lived in the downtown area, were spotlessly spotless, struggled hard, were diligent and thrifty, abstained from self-denial, helped others for pleasure, served the people wholeheartedly, withstood the attack of "sugar-coated shells," and won praise from society. On April 25, 1963, the Ministry of National Defense issued an order awarding this company the honorary title of "Good Eighth Company on Nanjing Road". Subsequently, major newspapers published articles introducing the deeds and experiences of the "Good Eight Companies." Mao Zedong was greatly encouraged to see the deeds of the "Good Eighth Company," and on the occasion of the "August 1st" Founding Day, in order to commend this heroic company and call on the military and people of the whole country to learn from the Good Eighth Company, he wrote "Miscellaneous Poems and Odes to the Eight Companies" with a stroke of his pen:
Good eight consecutive, the world's legend. Why? Strong will. For the people, for decades. Resist corrosion, never stick. Hence the name, good eight consecutive.
The People's Liberation Army must learn. The whole army and the people must stand on their own feet. Not afraid of pressure, not afraid of pressing. Not afraid of knives, not afraid of halberds. Not afraid of ghosts, not afraid of charms. Not afraid of the emperor, not afraid of thieves.
Odd children, such as pine cypress. On the sky, proud of frost and snow. Discipline is good, like a strong wall. Military good, like thunderbolts. Politics is good, called first. Good thinking and analytical. Good analysis, great benefit. What's the benefit? Solidarity. The military and the people are united as one, and we must see who can be the enemy of the world.
This is a new style poem that Mao Zedong tried to write according to his idea of "developing new poetry on the basis of folk songs and classical poetry", and it is a precious historical document, which was first published in the "People's Liberation Army Daily" on December 26, 1982. The good Eighth Company is indeed worthy of study by the whole Party, the whole army, and the people of the whole country, and according to Comrade Mao Zedong's teachings, it is necessary to deal with both the enemy with guns and the enemy who does not hold guns. In some special cases, the enemy who does not hold a gun is even worse than the enemy who holds a gun. And the good eighth company has set a good example for the people of the whole country in dealing with the enemy who does not hold a gun. Because of this, the deeds of the Good Eight Company have been popularized nationwide, and an upsurge of studying the Good Eight Company has been formed throughout the country. Comrade Mao Zedong's miscellaneous poem, or new poem, really played a great role.
In 1963, China had basically overcome three consecutive years of economic difficulties, a new scene of prosperity appeared in national construction, and the new China, in which the people were the masters of their own affairs, showed great vitality.
The apes bid farewell to each other. Only a few stones have been ground, in childhood. Turn the flames in the copper and iron furnace, to ask when to guess? But a few thousand cold and hot. It is rare for the world to open their mouths and laugh, and the upper battlefield bends each other's bow moon. It was flowing all over, and the suburban blood was raw.
A reading of the head of the flying snow, but remember the speckled, a few lines of old traces. The Five Emperors and Three Emperors did something sacred, and deceived the Endless Passerby. How many merry characters are there? After the reputation of the thief Zhuang, King Chen rose up and waved the yellow cymbal. The song is unfinished, the East is white.
This word style is bold, the weather is majestic, more solemn and not plate, harmonious and not humorous, "man and ape farewell" five words, used to write human beings from scratch, the wind tone is particularly commensurate, is the poet's proud pen. The entire Stone Age, which is about two or three million years long, is included in the six words of "several stones have been ground", which greatly expands the capacity of words and phrases. Its historical span, which runs through ancient and modern times, summarizes and describes the entire historical development process of human society and profoundly comments on it, and writes it in a broad and grand way, but it seems to be in the midst of witty talk and laughter, implying the wisdom of the wise, the righteous indignation of the benevolent, and the faith of the brave. The metaphor of "Oriental White" refers to the victory of the Chinese revolution and has written a new chapter in history, just like the rising sun in the east, which is bound to be glorious.
From May 22 to 29, 1965, Chairman Mao re-ascended Jinggang Mountain while inspecting the north and south of the great river. He reminisced about the past and wrote two poems with the title of "Jinggangshan" in one breath, one was "Water Tune Song Head, Heavy on Jinggangshan", and the other was "Nian Nu Jiao Jinggangshan".
"Water Tune Song Head, Heavy on Jinggangshan":
For a long time, Ling Yunzhi re-ascended Jinggang Mountain. Thousands of miles to find the old place, the old look has become a new look. Everywhere there are songs and swallows dancing, there are more babbling water, and the high road into the clouds. After crossing the Yellow Ocean Boundary, the danger does not need to be seen.
The wind and thunder, the flag is fierce, it is a human world. Thirty-eight years have passed, and it is a matter of time. You can go up to the moon for nine days, you can catch turtles in the five oceans, and talk and laugh about triumph. There is nothing difficult in the world, as long as you can climb it.
Shangkong describes the poet's journey through Jinggangshan, and the narrative, scene writing, and lyricism are integrated, expressing the poet's cheerful mood and heroic spirit. The poets of xiaxia touched the scenery and looked back on the thirty-eight years of revolutionary history; they were reasonable and summed up the poems with thought-provoking and profound philosophies. The tone is bright, relaxed, and free, the rhythm is beautiful and cheerful, and the proverbs and ancient poems are skillfully used. Narrative, scene writing, lyricism, and discussion are organically integrated, the artistic conception is broad and lofty, and the artistry and ideology are highly unified, which is not only a nostalgia for the past and an exclamation of the years, but also a political climate of "mountain rain is about to come and the wind is full of buildings".
"Nian Nu Jiao Jinggangshan":
Towering trees, thousands of miles, flying up to the South Heavenly Qiyue. The old place came back to see how to see, more buildings and pavilions. In front of the Five Wells Monument, on the Huangyang Boundary, the car flew like a leap. The country and mountains are picturesque, and the clouds and seas were green in ancient times.
Thirty-eight years later, the human world has changed, as if the abyss has been turned upside down. Remember that in the flames at that time, nine deaths were like yesterday. Unique pride, the sky is hanging bright moon, the wind and thunder are majestic. A chicken sings, and all kinds of strange things disappear.
The poem begins with a magnificent overall landscape of Jinggangshan. The word "Qiyue" refers to Jinggangshan, which also shows the poet's deep feelings for Jinggangshan, there are famous "three mountains and five mountains" in the rivers and mountains of the motherland, and only Jinggangshan is the cradle of the Chinese revolution, and the poet will naturally have a special fondness for this. Revisiting the old land, things follow the heart, and the poet sighs in the face of such vicissitudes and great changes. In the next sentence, the poet takes over the above text, and the exclamation is further introduced, which also evokes the poet's recollection of the extraordinary years of the past. On the one hand, the scene is described in white and the lyric is used metaphorically; on the other hand, the classical verses are cast in the works, which have both magnificent revolutionary content and fascinating artistic charm, giving people ideological enlightenment and beauty.
On December 24, 1965, two days before his 73rd birthday, Mao Zedong came from Hangzhou to Nanchang and stayed in a hotel on the ganjiang river. Nanchang city has the famous Tengwang Pavilion, which is also the birthplace of the revolution. Mao Zedong felt lyrical and lyrical in this sense, and wrote this poem "Seven Laws and Hongdu":
In another year in dehong, Zusheng's strike has been passed down to this day. Smelling the chicken for a long time to listen to the rain in the south, he immediately waved the northern whip.
Sideburns flew into scrap, and the clouds grew in a new day. After the year, the waves push forward the waves, and the flowers of the river grass and rivers are fresh everywhere.
Hongdu is the old name of Nanchang. The poet carried out the proud tour of Jinggangshan, Nanchang is the birthplace of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, and naturally recalls the historical history of Zu Ti's Northern Expedition and zu Ti and Liu Kun's allusions to the dance of chickens, and the past of vowing to serve the country, and made an artistic summary of his revolutionary career for most of his life. The poet expresses his ambition to serve the motherland and transform society, while singing praises for the great cause of new China's thriving and thriving, and pinning his ardent expectations on the future of the motherland -- the revolution has its own descendants, and each generation is stronger than the next.
Chairman Mao's life was to write the life of the great revolution in poetry; whether in good times or in bad times, he never forgot the original mission of "daring to teach the sun and the moon to change for a new heaven," embraced the grand ambition of "a peaceful world, and the whole world is cool and hot," carried forward the enterprising spirit of "not being a good man if he did not reach the Great Wall," maintained the strategic determination of "flying through chaotic clouds and still calmly," was full of full self-confidence that "the scenery is unique here," and "the military and the people are united as one, and we can see who can be the enemy in the world." "Closely relying on the people, we have composed a beautiful chapter of the people's war, and are committed to creating "the four seas churning clouds and waters, and the five continents shaking and thundering." To sweep away all pests and be invincible", a new world of "Chinese people have stood up!" ”
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