Mainland snake resources are very rich, there are some highly venomous snakes in this, we need to understand the venomous snakes, in the wild encounter must avoid these poisonous snakes, at the end there are some poisonous snake bites after the treatment of sharing, welcome to comment on the message. Without further ado, let's take a look.
(1) Silver ring snake, which is recognized as the first place in the mainland poisonous snake, in fact, not only in the mainland, in addition to Oceania, the silver ring snake in Eurasia is basically a rare hand, are the number one of the poisonous snakes list. Generally, we use LD50 as an indicator to measure the virulence of venomous snakes, and the silver ring snake LD50 is about 0.09-0.19mg/Kg, because LD50 is also related to the injection method, so there are differences in values. In the mainland, every year, people are fatal because of silver ring snake bites, and the fatality rate due to failure to inject antivenom serum in time is 70-80%, which is very frightening data.
Silver ring snake
The venom of the silver ring snake is mainly neurotoxin, which is a toxin specifically for the nerves of our brain, and we look at the lethality of the silver ring snake bite through the following bite case:
1. In October 2018, Xiaoming (pseudonym), a 25-year-old teenager working in Hangzhou, had the idea of buying a silver ring snake to commit suicide due to investment failure. He soon developed symptoms such as breathing difficulties after being bitten, at which time he suddenly woke up and had the desire to survive, and immediately called his friend to ask his friend to take him to the hospital. When I was sent to the hospital that night, I had difficulty breathing, and I began to have cognitive impairments, etc., and as soon as I arrived at the hospital, I began to tell the doctor: The doctor saved me, I have money. But in fact, he only had a few hundred dollars in his body, all the cards were either in arrears or had no balance, and the hospital decided to pay for treatment first that night, and immediately arranged for admission to the ICU and injected with antivenom. After more than ten days of rescue, Xiaoming turned the crisis into safety.
Silver ring snake purchased online
2. In May 2017, a 24-year-old Hangzhou boy caught a silver ring snake on the top of his family's contracted mountain, and under the temptation of curiosity, he wanted to open the mouth of the silver ring snake to see its poisonous fangs, and as a result, his right index finger was bitten. Next, the guy did the same thing, using his mouth to suck on the bitten index finger. As a result, the snake venom attacked in less than half an hour, and he was dizzy and unable to lift his entire arm. After he was rushed to the hospital by his family, his whole body was numb, breathing difficulties, eyelid drooping and other symptoms, after using the ventilator, the hospital immediately transferred antivenom, and finally turned the crisis after a few days of treatment in the ICU.
Caught silver ring snake
3. In October 2021, Mr. Lu, a man in Sanshui, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, was bitten by a silver ring snake at the edge of his own fish pond, and after being urgently sent to the hospital, he continuously contacted several local hospitals without anti-silver ring snake venom, and finally the police contacted a hospital in Guangzhou, and it took 70 minutes to open a green channel to send Mr. Lu to the hospital in Guangzhou for treatment, and finally turned the crisis into safety. According to Mr. Lu's recollection, at that time, he was bitten and did not feel painful, but he had symptoms such as poor breathing in the back.
Bite the leg
4. In July 2021, a 21-year-old woman in Weinan City, Shaanxi Province, was bitten during the feeding process after purchasing a silver ring snake online, and although she was sent to the hospital in time, she was still declared brain dead after 4 days of treatment. Because this incident received widespread attention at the time, many e-commerce companies removed live snakes.
5. In November 2021, Ms. Wang (pseudonym) was bitten by a silver ring snake raised at her home in Shanghai, and after more than 40 minutes, she was sent to the hospital for cardiac arrest, because there was no anti-silver ring snake serum in the local hospital, and her family obtained the antivenom from Hangzhou when she was a child, which was only 2 hours left from the 12-hour rescue validity period. After more than a week of hospitalization, he was finally discharged after injecting antivenom.
The bite wound is small and there is no obvious redness or bleeding
From the above bite case, it is not difficult to see that the silver ring snake bite will not have a sharp pain performance, generally you only feel a little itch, and the wound will not be red and swollen or bleed immediately. But within an hour you will have breathing difficulties, drowsiness and other symptoms, the best time for treatment is within 1 hour, the damage to the body is the lowest. Within 1-4 hours, the symptoms will be aggravated, you will have limb numbness, difficulty opening the mouth, cardiac arrest, pupil reduction, teeth closed and other symptoms, if you have not been admitted to the hospital in time at this time, this time period of time people are easy to die due to respiratory paralysis. Hospitals generally believe that the injection of anti-silver ring snake venom serum within 12 hours is an opportunity to treat the bitten patient, but the more it is dragged behind, the greater the damage to the human body, and even if it is rescued, it may leave sequelae.
In addition, because of the high manufacturing cost of antivenom (the mainland is sold at a limited price, antivenom is generally sold within 500, and it is thousands of dollars abroad. ), low profits, less frequency of use, many manufacturers are not producing or less production of antivenom. For example, the anti-snake venom of bamboo leaf green, basically the hospital has not, because the manufacturer basically has not produced, are replaced by anti-abdominal snake serum or other anti-snake venom serum. Therefore, if you are bitten by a silver ring snake, it is possible that the hospital does not have an antivenom and causes a delay in treatment. For this reason, for the silver ring snake, we must have enough cognition, do not breed, do not catch, do not curious!
(2) Five-step snake (barramundi), which is a well-known poisonous snake in the mainland, because of its large detoxification volume and strong toxicity, in the actual bite case, the damage caused is the greatest. Although the LD50 data of the five-step snake is not gorgeous, LD50 = 2.94mg/kg, but if you combine it, the amount of each detox can reach 200-400mg, an average of 210mg, which is 50 times that of the silver ring snake and 5 times that of the Zhoushan cobra.
Five-step snake
People who are bitten by a five-step snake, without exception, have endured unimaginable pain. Because the five-step snake is one of the snakes with the longest poisoned teeth of the Chinese venomous snake, the longest poisonous fangs of adults can reach 2.5 cm, which is more terrifying than the king cobra, so the bite of the five-step snake will penetrate deep into our tissues and inject a large amount of venom containing blood circulation toxins. Its venom has hemolytic toxins, which will cause bleeding in our wounds, and will also make our wounds continue to deteriorate, including decay, suppuration, etc., and if not treated in time, it will lead to internal organ bleeding or kidney failure and death. Overall, the five-step snake will not die in a short period of time after biting, and the general patient will die painfully after 1-4 days, so the five-step snake is really notorious in China for toxin China.
Because the five-step snake detoxification volume is large, so there are now many five-step snake farms, they will collect the venom of the five-step snake at a specific time, and the general five-step snake venom can reach more than 25 yuan and 1g, and the income is good. But now the market is basically saturated, because the general snake venom is sent to make anti-snake venom, snake venom needs to be injected into the horse body to make anti-snake venom, and the general biopharmaceutical factory has long-term partners, so it is difficult to enter this market. And the five-step snake breeding difficulty is not small, the general snake keeper will only pick up the poison at a specific time, otherwise it will lead to the five-step snake unwilling to eat, need artificial feeding, some five-step snakes will also appear after taking the poison after the mouth ulceration.
The five-step snake takes snake venom
(3) King Cobra: Hearing this name can make some readers feel dangerous snakes, the king cobra of the mainland is still more powerful, at least in the LD50 test than the king cobra in other places, there are data showing that the king cobra in the mainland subcutaneous injection LD50 = 0.34-0.60mg / kg, the average data of the king cobra in other regions is LD50 = 1.8mg / kg. Of course, under this data, the king cobra of the mainland is only in the top of the cobra ranking, like the Philippine cobra and the Egyptian cobra are also more poisonous than the king cobra of the mainland. And the heavens are fair, the king cobra in the mainland is the smallest, with an average body length of about 3m, while the average body length of the king cobra in other regions can reach 4m.
king cobra
What impressed us most about the king cobra was probably its size and the way it stood up and opened its neck when frightened. Of course, it should also be known that the king cobra will spew snake venom, the general spray range can be more than 3m, let's look at a few examples of being bitten by the king cobra, in order to understand the power of the king cobra.
1. In December 2020, a 47-year-old man in Datian County, Sanming City, Fujian Province, was bitten by a king cobra on his right hand while working in the field, and his family immediately sent him to the local hospital for treatment, when he was sent to the hospital, he could not breathe on his own, the doctor immediately injected antivenom, and after 56 hours of treatment, the man was out of danger of life.
Rescue the scene
2. In June 2016, Zhang Mou in Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, accidentally stepped on the king cobra while weeding in the grapefruit garden, and was bitten by the king cobra on his left hand at that time, because his family was poor, Zhang rushed home, tied his left hand near the heart with a bandage, and then used the local snake catcher's homemade herbs to apply to the wound, and wanted to continue to work. I didn't expect to faint on the ground just after half an hour and couldn't move. When his family took him to the hospital, his entire arm was already black and swollen due to poor blood circulation. The hospital surgeon immediately operated on him and helped him release poisonous blood. But because of the delay for too long, he suffered multiple organ injuries, respiratory paralysis, and finally took a long time to recover with the financial support of well-wishers in society.
The arm is still swollen
From the above, we can know that because the venom of the king cobra has neurotoxins, cytotoxins, and blood circulation toxins, of which neurotoxins are the main components, the effect of the venom plays a fast role, and normally there are serious poisoning symptoms in about 1-2 hours, (some allergies will appear in about half an hour). The basic process of general disease development from very tired, drowsy> chest discomfort, feeling chest tightness> appearing breathlessness> breathing is very difficult> breathing paralysis, unable to breathe> lack of oxygen in the body> the heart stops working > death. At present, the fatality rate of king cobra bites in the wild can reach more than 90%, and there are also cases of death caused by bites within 5 minutes abroad. However, because of the high demand for king cobras in the black market in recent years, king cobras in the wild have been relatively rare because of human illegal capture, and we have little chance of meeting them.
In addition, there are some small knowledge to share with you (1) In general, the older the king cobra, the more toxic it will be, and the king cobra within 2 years of age is the most lethal. (2) In addition, the king cobra is not only biting people without injecting venom as some sources say, more than the average king cobra bites the prey, it will inject a sufficient amount of venom at one time. (3) There is no introduction of king cobra anti-venom in China (Thailand and India have special anti-venom), generally using anti-silver ring snake plus anti-cobra venom to treat. Mainly because king cobra bites are relatively rare in the mainland, they are not imported or produced. (4) The king cobra fatality rate is indeed very high, can reach more than 90%, the average patient will lose spontaneous breathing for half an hour to 2 hours, but this is not death, as long as the timely to the hospital to take ventilator treatment, is to continue life to continue treatment, of course, neurotoxin caused by a lot of body damage is irreversible, so to the hospital as soon as possible to inject antivenom.
(4) Proto-spearhead viper: A more common venomous snake south of the Yangtze River in the mainland, including Hainan and Taiwan. The original spearhead pit viper fasting injection LD50 = 0.8-2.58mg / Kg, the amount of detoxification is not large, the average of about 26mg (adults can discharge 108mg of venom at a time), compared with the five-step snake, the difference is nearly 10 times, but the death of people generally only needs about 48mg. But because the original spearhead viper venom is mainly a blood circulation toxin, it is also known for its rotten flesh like the five-step snake.
Original spearhead viper
The original spearhead pit viper has a similar damage effect to the five-step snake, and after the bite, the toxin frantically destroys our blood clotting function, causing the bleeding at the wound to flow continuously, and ordinary compressions do not work to stop bleeding. The wound will then begin to swell, slowly flowing out a yellow viscous fluid, slowly the wound will appear blood bubbles, and finally the tissue will die, requiring amputation or partial removal of the wound. In addition, after 1-6 hours of being bitten, the bite will have symptoms of dyspnea and eventually die of kidney failure or respiratory failure.
In the mainland, if bitten by the original spearhead pit viper, the anti-pit viper serum is generally used first, but if the patient has a more serious coagulation disorder, it is necessary to use the five-step snake antivenom serum for treatment, at which time the anti-pit viper serum may not necessarily work. In July 2019, Sister Chen of Luzhou City was bitten by the original spearhead pit viper during a weeding operation in the orchard, and the pain was unbearable, and she immediately notified her family to send her to the hospital. After being sent to the hospital, the doctor injected her with anti-pit viper serum for the first time, but after the injection, the condition continued to worsen, and the hospital immediately transferred 6 anti-five-step snake serum from Chengdu urgently, and more than 5 hours passed at that time. Fortunately, after injecting the anti-five-step snake venom serum, Sister Chen slowly recovered.
His right hand was still bleeding after reaching the hospital
(5) Zhoushan cobra: also known as the Chinese cobra, it is distributed in most parts of the mainland, and it is also distributed in Laos and Vietnam, because it was first found in China, also called the Chinese cobra. According to the records, because of the Opium War, it was first discovered by the British in Zhoushan and named the Zhoushan Cobra. Juvenile Zhoushan cobras have obvious glasses or circular patterns on the back of the neck (the pattern will slowly fade and even invisible when adults) and there are two obvious small black spots in front of the abdomen, which are characteristic of the Zhoushan cobra.
Distinctive features
Compared with the big brother king cobra, the Zhoushan cobra is smaller, generally 1.5-2m, and will also erect the upper part of the body after being frightened, open the neck for an attacking posture, and will also spew out venom, generally spraying a range of about 2m. Zhoushan cobra in the toxic running score, not lost to the big brother king cobra, the limit running score LD50 = 0.28mg / Kg, the toxicity is still very strong. In addition, Zhoushan cobra venom is a mixed venom, there are cytotoxins and neurotoxins, which are very harmful to the human body, and scholars have found that in the mainland, the toxicity of Zhoushan cobras varies significantly due to regional differences. In addition, Zhoushan cobra is very characteristic, it is very good in the defense of biting detoxification, the general defense state bite detoxification is relatively low, so most of the Zhoushan cobra bite cases will not appear serious neurotoxin poisoning symptoms, generally are cytotoxins caused by local pain or tissue necrosis, Zhoushan cobra bite fatality rate is not high, there are data records about 2%, but we still do not try to challenge Zhoushan cobra, after all, is a highly venomous snake, the cost of being bitten is still very heavy.
(6) Alxa pit viper: mainly distributed in the desert areas inland of the mainland, such as western Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Ningxia, Gansu and other places. Because the skin color is extremely close to the desert environment, it is more lethal to herders and livestock. Alxa pit viper bites are frequent in desert areas.
Alxa Pit viper
Alxa pit viper subcutaneous injection LD50 = 1.1mg / Kg, more toxic, and in the venomous snake belongs to the temperament type, often take the initiative to attack into its field of humans or livestock, to the desert rats, lizards, frogs as the main food, most of the hunting at night.
The snake venom of the Alxa pit viper is also a mixture of venoms, with neurotoxins and anticoagulant toxins.
At present, there are few records of Alxa pit viper bites, the most recent is in August 2021, wildlife conservation master Mr. Jiang was bitten by an Alxa pit viper, according to his description that he was bitten by an Alxa pit viper that night when he was pulling out a grass pile, he knew that the current location is more than 40 minutes away from the nearest city, and he also realized that the hospital is likely to have no anti-pit viper venom serum, so he chose to save himself. He cut the epidermis of the wound with the knife he carried with him, squeezed as hard as possible to drain the snake venom, then rinsed the wound with mineral water and tied his fingers tightly with a rope that could be tightened, loosening every fifteen minutes. Finally, after he arrived at the hospital, there was indeed no anti-pit viper serum, and finally the doctor injected antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, anticoagulants, and he was discharged from the hospital after taking 7 days in the ICU.
The place where the bite was injured
His self-help is not entirely worth learning, first of all, cutting the wound with a knife has a certain probability of contracting tetanus, and everyone must deal with it rationally.
(7) Round Spot Viper: We have introduced this poisonous snake in the previous article, the Round Spot Viper native to Thailand is relatively slow to move, and when frightened, it will shrink into a circle and make a rustling sound. It is mainly distributed in South China, Taiwan, and South Asia and Southeast Asia.
Round spot viper
Before launching an attack, the round spot viper will first bend its head back and then launch an attack, while the round spot viper has the habit of biting its prey and holding on. Round spot viper snake venom is also a mixed venom, rich in blood circulation toxins and neurotoxins, of which blood circulation toxins to anticoagulant, hemolytic effects, resulting in red and swollen wounds, blood flow is not stopped, with the role of neurotoxins, early symptoms and stroke symptoms are quite similar, resulting in some bitten patients being misdiagnosed or delay the best treatment time. The case of the round spot viper is the Asian snake champion in Thailand, so Thailand has specially produced the anti-round spotted viper snake venom serum, named "Lu's Viper Serum".
In September 2020, Xiao Zheng, who lives in Huizhou, was working in his own farmland when he found a round spotted viper, when he and his mother tried to drive away the round spot viper with a tool, but the round spot viper crouched in place. In no way, Xiao Zheng beat the round spot viper to death with a hoe, but he did not expect that the snake was not completely dead, and Xiao Zheng's index finger was cut by the snake's poisonous fangs. Xiao Zheng quickly went home to treat it with the snake medicine bought locally, but his condition did not improve after taking the medicine, and he had symptoms such as general weakness and vomiting.
Bitten finger
When his family took him to the central hospital, after a delay of 12 hours, the doctor found that Xiao Zheng had begun to develop hematuria, and his mouth had begun to bleed, and his condition was already very serious. The attending physician immediately used 5 anti-pit vipers and 5 anti-five-step snake serums for treatment, and finally pulled Xiao Zheng back from the brink of death.
The round spot viper is powerful, the patient will first appear coagulation disorders, swollen wounds, accompanied by symptoms such as fatigue of limbs, dizziness, etc., and then develop into kidney failure injury, hematuria, hemolysis, systemic bleeding and other symptoms, and finally die of pulmonary hemorrhage or cerebral hemorrhage, with a high mortality rate. At present, there is no anti-snake venom of this snake introduced in China!
(8) Golden ring snake: As a member of the Chinese venomous snake family, the subcutaneous injection of LD50 = 1.2-2.4mg / Kg by the golden ring snake is actually not weak. However, the golden ring snake usually takes the initiative to attack large animals, and only enters a violent state during the extreme anger and spawning period, and will chase the target and bite. A few statements about the golden ring snake should be treated rationally: 1. The golden ring snake said on the Internet is timid and docile, please do not easily agree, as a highly venomous snake, it is certainly not random for us to get it. 2. The internet said that the golden ring snake is very poisonous, and it is also absurd to say that it does not kill people at all. 3. It is also said that the golden ring snake is small and not aggressive, in fact, the adult body of the golden ring snake can reach 2m, and the body size is larger than the silver ring snake!
Golden Ring Snake
Golden ring snake venom is much stronger than some ordinary pit vipers on the mainland, and the golden ring snake detoxification is not low, the average 27mg, the maximum can reach 108mg, the golden ring snake venom according to the toxicity calculation, do not consider other factors, 5g of venom can kill an adult, so do not underestimate our golden ring snake!
The bite of the golden ring snake is similar to the bite of the silver ring snake, the wound is very small, generally only two small red dots, most of the cases only a little itching pain, many bite patients do not find the bite at the first time, resulting in delays in treatment opportunities. At present, there are data showing that the fatality rate of the golden ring snake is about 18%, basically dying of respiratory paralysis. Generally within 1 hour, drowsiness, blurred vision, throat feeling of foreign body, etc., within 1-4 hours, it will evolve into chest tightness, shortness of breath, numbness of limbs and other symptoms, respiratory paralysis or general paralysis in 4-6 hours, and eventually lead to death.
(9) Short-tailed viper: also known as grass flying, it is widely distributed on the mainland, including Beijing, Liaoning, Tianjin, and most provinces south of the Yangtze River. The body length is generally 60-80cm, which belongs to the small highly venomous snake class, but it is precisely because of its small size that it is not easy to detect, and the short-tailed pit viper bite is at the top of the mainland venomous snake bite cases.
Short-tailed viper
The short-tailed viper mostly hides in the grass and becomes active at dusk, including in the summer rainy days. The short-tailed viper is also a mixed snake venom snake, mainly blood circulation venom, supplemented by neurotoxin, so the lethality is larger, and the current fatality rate in the mainland is about 7-9%. In addition, the detoxification volume of short-tailed viper is closely related to the body type, generally 30-40cm, the detoxification amount is about 6.3mg, the detoxification volume of 40-50cm is 17.5mg, and the detoxification amount of more than 50cm is 31.98mg.
Bitten by a short-tailed viper, first of all the wound will slowly swell, because of the role of neurotoxins, some patients slowly appear dazzled, blurred vision symptoms, if the patient is not treated in time, the condition continues to worse eventually lead to high swelling of the limbs, lymphatic system damage, kidney failure and death. Of course, the death of the short-tailed pit viper generally takes a few days to two weeks or so, during which it can be healed and recovered as long as it is combined with treatment.
(10) White-lipped bamboo leaf green: the body surface is dark green, the abdomen is yellow-white, the venom is mainly circulating toxins, the average detoxification amount is about 28mg, and the subcutaneous injection LD50 = 3.3mg/Kg, the toxicity is stronger than that of the general venomous snake! After the bite, the wound will immediately swell and harden, and the skin of the wound will become purple-black, with symptoms such as bleeding and severe pain. Generally 6-8 hours without timely and effective treatment will cause breathing difficulties, blood in the urine, and eventually death from heart failure or shock.
White-lipped bamboo leaves are green
The fatality rate of white-lipped bamboo leaf green in the mainland is not high, but the probability of causing limb amputation or permanent damage is very high, so do not have a contemptuous view of white-lipped bamboo leaf green!
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