Life goes on and on, and I start dying again, and this is a topic of death, because it's too big and complicated, it's tiring to write, and it doesn't necessarily have people who like to watch it.
Death is no nonsense, the beginning of the main chapter.
The old rule, still write the reason first, why Mongolia wants to go west, the answer is very simple, Hua Lazi Model, it can be said that the three Western Expeditions are related to Hua Lazi Mou.
Khwarazm is a country on the east coast of the Caspian Sea, initially subordinate to the Seljuk Turks, after the Defeat of the Seljuk Turks in 1141 by the Western Liao established by the Yelü Dashi, Khwarazm took the opportunity to become independent and seized a large area of Seljuk Turkic territory, becoming one of the top two powers in Central Asia.
Around 1200, king Mahmud of Khwarazm reigned, and he even sparked ambitions to conquer the East. You don't think it's funny, but in the eyes of others, it is really like this, Mahama beat all over Central Asia invincible, which gave him the illusion that the world is as black as a crow, and all countries are the same dish.
Khwarazm started off on trade, and the ancient Silk Road had two routes, one along Afghanistan to Baghdad and then to the Mediterranean Sea, and the other along the five Central Asian countries to the Black Sea Caspian Sea. Khwarazm itself occupies one, and controlling Afghanistan is equivalent to monopolizing the east-west passage.
The countless exquisite goods in the East made Hua Lazimo rich, but also made them greedy, and they could make so much money by trade alone, what would happen if they occupied it?
In 1215, Temujin captured the capital of the Jin Dynasty (Beijing), and when Mahabharata heard the news, he sent emissaries to congratulate him and express his desire for trade. The Mongols were a very trade-oriented people, the nomads did not produce, and the method of obtaining supplies was only to grab it was trade, so Temujin quickly sent a caravan of 450 people to the past.
Mahamad congratulated whether it was false, and listening to the truth was true, but I did not expect that the Mongols were very honest, and as soon as a few words were said, the caravan came, and it was full of gold and silver treasures. As soon as the caravan arrived in Khwarazm, Mahabharata captured all the people and killed them, and confiscated the treasure.
This matter is very outrageous, it is simply outrageous, and no matter how much treasure the caravan has, it is also insignificant for a country, especially this is Genghis Khan's ironwood real money.
The Khitan was destroyed by Jin, the Jin were destroyed by the Mongols (the situation was almost extinguished at the time), and the Khitan remnants of Yelü Dashi ran to Central Asia and killed the Seljuk Turks, the boss of Khwarazm. That is to say, your eldest brother can't even defeat the defeated generals under the Mongols, how many heads do you have that dare to mess with Temujin?
This matter was so outrageous that Temujin did not dare to believe it, he thought it was a misunderstanding, 80% of it was an official who saw the money and killed people. So Temujin sent emissaries demanding that the murderer be severely punished and that it would not affect relations between the two countries.
As a result, Mahabharata killed the emissary who headed the group, and the remaining two emissaries shaved off their beards and were expelled.
This could blow up Temujin' true qi, and no one had dared to do so since he unified the Mongol tribes. Even at the critical juncture of the conquest of the Jin Dynasty, Temujin still decided to go to war, and he entrusted the matter of conquest to the general Mu Huali, and personally led his sons on the western expedition.
In the autumn of 1219, the Mongol army was dispatched, and in March 1220, it captured Samarkand, the capital of Khwarazm. Temujin brought an army of 110,000, while Mahmud had 400,000 men, but after the battle, the Mongols still had 110,000 men, and there was not a single soldier left.
It is not vulnerable at all, so how important it is to study history, Mahamad, if he has a history teacher, he will not do such a stupid thing.
After the fall of the capital, Mahabharata fled to a small island in the Caspian Sea, and Temujin sent men to chase him, one of whom was led by Tetsubetsu and Subutai. These two big brothers did not know whether they were lost, or looking for someone to be angry, the Mongols no matter how cattle, they could not carry the boat out to fight, in short, these two big brothers took 30,000 people, a head into the south of Russia, that is, the Chincha department.
Therefore, Brother Mao Zi is pure bad luck, and a disaster star fell from the sky. At that time, Russia had not yet formed a state, it was all a grand duchy, a big duke on the left and a big duke on the right, you can also understand it as countless small tribes, even if these tribes join hands, they are not opponents of Zhebeisutai.
What Mao Zige couldn't stand the most was that this was not a main line task at all, it was just a side line, Zhebei they were just looking for someone, and 80% of them had misunderstood because of the language barrier.
Tetsubetsu: Let's find a man whose name is Mahabharata.
Chincha Ministries: Didn't drink much? TMD, you dare to satirize Lao Tzu's alcohol intake, come on, brothers shoulder to shoulder.
The language barrier, the geographical environment is not familiar, coupled with the heavy pressure of the task of Zhebei Suotai, it is normal to make contradictions, in short, Mao Zige was beaten in vain, and in the Battle of the Kalanka River in 1223, the elite army of the Grand Dukes of Rus was lost, and Tetsubetsu and Subutai Youzha yuya returned to the division.
Why go back? For Mahabharata had news. At the end of 1220, Mahabharata died of illness and passed the throne to his son Zalandin, who collected the remnants of his army and fought with the Mongol soldiers, but still failed miserably, Zalandin swam across the Indus River and fled to India alone.
The Mongol soldiers originally wanted to continue to chase, but found that the climate here could not stand it, not to mention people, the horses were about to lie down, so Temujin issued an edict: "There are sacred beasts in the river, we can't cross the river." ”
The internal explanation said that Zalandin did not have great talent, not enough to be afraid, the actual reason is one, India is too hot.
Since he knew where the true lord was, of course he had to summon Zhebei to come back, until 1225, when the Mongol army returned home, and the blue-nosed and swollen Mao Zi brother was still confused, did not understand where the gang came from, and did not understand why he was beaten, so he spread the word of God's punishment.
O stupid people, because you do not believe in God, punishment has been sent down.
Although the first western expedition was a branch line, the Mongols understood two truths, the first was that in order to maintain the security of the Great Mongol Empire, it was necessary to establish foreign domains; the second was that the West was better to fight, and there were soft persimmons.
This judgment was reinforced by a subsequent incident, and in 1225, as soon as the Mongols withdrew, Zalandin returned to Central Asia and re-established the Khwarazm. In 1228, the new Mongol Khan Wokoutai had to personally lead a large army to conquer Central Asia again, and it took three years, Zalandin died in the rebellion, and Huarazimo perished again.
This incident taught the Mongols a deep lesson that conquest alone was not enough, it was necessary to establish a rule, that is, a foreign domain. If the biggest difference between the first western expedition and the second is that the first is for conquest, the second is for domination.
So the Battus Expedition of 1235 had a clear purpose from the beginning, and for the Europeans, God's punishment came again.
The first stop of the Western Expedition was still Mao Zige, who was completely frightened and surrendered as soon as he saw the Chincha troops. In the spring of 1237 the Mongol army arrived in the Chincha provinces, and by the end of 1240, the Mongol army had captured Kiev.
The western expedition also had no goal, and no one was too big to establish a foreign domain, so if it was so smooth, it would continue to the west. In the spring of 1241, the Mongol army divided into two routes, attacking Poland to the north and Hungary to the south.
The Northern Route Army defeated the combined Forces of the European Lords at Rignitz, but encountered a hard bone, the city of Oremouc (present-day Orlmuts, Czech Republic), the Mongol army besieged for two months, did not take it, so as planned, turned south and joined the Southern Route Army.
Because the Southern Route Army was the main force, under the personal command of Battus, it arrived at the Hungarian capital of Pest in March 1241 (the Hungarian capital was originally divided into two cities, Buda and Pest, and later merged into one), defeated the Hungarian army of 60,000 troops in April, captured the city of Pest, and then chased the Hungarian king Bessin II all the way, and at the end of the year again captured the old Hungarian capital Ofgran.
It is worth noting that Hungary was one of the top two powers in Europe at that time, so this road was a pro-Batu army. Hungary was descended from the Huns and Jorans who had earlier moved west to Europe, which was equivalent to the Second Mongol Expedition to the West, and was the descendants of the Nomads of the East and the Nomads of the East.
Battus was chasing After Betsu II when he suddenly heard the news that Wokoutai was dead. So he led his army back to the east, and in 1243 he went to the city of Sarai on the Volga River, where he established the Khanate of Chincha (also known as the Golden Horde), which was also the first foreign domain of the Mongol Empire.
Why didn't Battus continue west? The backyard is on fire and how to fight. Some people always feel that the Mongol soldiers do not need supplies, they are leading horses to drive sheep in battle, and they do not worry about food and clothing, so there is no logistical transport team.
This is a misunderstanding, the Mongols can not afford to consume no matter how many livestock they bring, how many livestock can they bring? From Mongolia to Western Europe, it takes two years to walk. And horses and sheep are strategic materials, easy to eat, eat all the Mongol cavalry into infantry? Can't drink goat milk?
The Mongols were able to carry out unprecedented expeditions because of perseverance.
In 1245, Gabini, who had been assigned by the Holy See to Mongolia, wrote a book of "Missions to Mongolia", in which he said that the Mongols were in difficulty in supply and worried about supplies, but they could eat everything they could find, and even like monkeys, stuffed caught lice into their mouths.
The secret of the Mongol army was not that they did not need supplies, but that they could tolerate extreme conditions. The nomadic people of northern China generally have three major characteristics, the first does not wash clothes, the second does not wash dishes, and the third eats all food.
Although the details of the three customs are slightly different, they are fundamentally the same. For example, Rouran people wash dishes by licking, "Northern History" says that Rouran people finish eating, the women's dishes and chopsticks at home are cleaned up, and even if they are washed one by one, the Mongolian method is to cook a pot of soup, use the soup to make the bowl chopsticks before eating, and then drink the soup.
The grassland is very water-scarce, although the name is called grassland, but in fact, there is only a thin layer of soil, casually dig a pit, in addition to the upper layer of soil, the bottom is full of sand.
Lack of water is the lack of everything, there is always a misunderstanding, that the steppe people eat mutton and drink mare's milk, high protein intake, so the physique is strong.
The truth is that the nomadic people of northern China have never been known for their physical fitness, because they cannot afford meat. The limited number of livestock needed to be exchanged for all necessities, salt, iron, tea, cloth, etc., and even corn for grain so that there was enough to eat.
Chicken farmers can't afford eggs, and salt sellers eat light rice, which is not uncommon.
Judging from the unearthed "Juyan Han Jian", the Han Dynasty Shuguan soldiers ate a hundred times better than the nomads, and a random Han soldier ate a few chickens a month and slaughtered a sheep without pressure, while the Xiongnu did not necessarily eat a bite of mutton for two or three months.
This is a common misconception, I read an article that the biggest reason why the Huns were not Huns was that Westerners described the Huns as short, while mainland history books described the Huns as tall.
The Xiongnu did have a small number of tribes with no worries, such as the royal court, but more yellow-skinned and thin, thin in stature, and because they rode horses for many years, their legs were very serious, and they stood on the ground and appeared weaker.
Why are the peoples of the north so strong, they can even endure this kind of life, and what is there to be afraid of?
The secret of the invincibility of the Mongol army is very simple, behind the strong combat strength is the strongest will, if the achievements of the Mongol army are attributed to the command ability of a few famous generals, it is the lowest level of the most superficial understanding of the war.
This is one of the reasons why the Mongols were able to launch incredible expeditions, and even the harshest conditions were common for them. In contrast to the expedition of Alexander the Great in Western mythology, almost all infantry (Macedonian phalanx), no supplies and no cattle, all the way from Greece to Samarkand (Uzbekistan).
I dare say that they must have listened to the Mongol Expedition to the West and thought that the expedition was very easy, so they made up a mythical story full of flaws and four differentities.
Even so, the Mongol army did not need supplies, grain and grass can be solved, but what about weapons?
There are also a few misunderstandings here, about cavalry, mainly riding and shooting.
The first trouble with riding and shooting lies in riding, and if you want to train a cavalryman, it is not the concept of three years and two years, and you may not be able to get out of the division for ten years. It's not about letting you ride a horse for a lap, it's about killing the enemy.
Nomadic people ride sheep at the age of three, and at the age of five or six they begin to ride ponies, and they have been on horses all their lives, even more skilled in riding horses than walking. The ancient Hun Mongols, they really walked like a shake, like drunkenness.
For example, in the Northern Song Dynasty, where everyone thinks that the armed forces are weakest, the horses raised by the horse herders exceed 200,000 all year round, although more than half of them cannot be used as war horses, they can only send letters and pull a carriage, but it is not difficult for the Song Dynasty to organize tens of thousands of cavalry.
But why not? The biggest dilemma in losing the northern border is not the lack of horses, but the lack of people. The Han people on the northern border have similar living habits to those of nomads, riding horses every day, and why they recruit soldiers to find northerners is because people can ride horses.
If you recruit cavalry from the south, the cost is high, not to mention, after 10 years and 8 years of training, it is difficult to learn, and the age is also old, and you can retire from the army.
The role of cavalry is not what many people imagine to charge the front, hard to fight there is a sentence that can be described, killing a thousand enemies and losing eight hundred, cavalry is an extremely valuable war resource, if you use it like this, the first time your head is gone, the leader must be mad.
TMD, you are taking cabbage to feed pigs, doing a total loss business.
Even in the era of cold weapons, there was still very little hand-to-hand combat, and hand-to-hand combat was usually forced. The same was true of the Mongol cavalry, who charged in only one case, the battle was decided, charged when the enemy lost morale, and then pursued.
Therefore, the second magic weapon of the Mongol cavalry is shooting, which refers to shooting on a horse.
It has been said that the Mongol soldiers demanded rifle firing. This is called a half-understanding, Mongolian military science does have a dismount to shoot arrows, but that is to lure the enemy, and when you chase out, you will find these archers, and they have become rangers in an instant.
Riding shooting and rifle shooting is not a reason at all, find a horse to try to understand, immediately open the bow to make no strength, to see how good a person rides and shoots, not only to see the accuracy, but also to see how strong the bow can be opened.
This is a skill that needs to be practiced for many years, but what about the skills of the Mongols? They ride their horses farther than you can stand on the ground and shoot.
How important mobility is, I don't think it needs to be explained, and if you understand the above two points, you can imagine that the other party shoots farther than you and runs faster than you, what can you do? You can only be beaten.
Shoot a few arrows and go back, shoot a few more arrows and then go back, and when you can't hold on and you want to retreat, the Mongol cavalry will rush up.
In the era of cold weapons, there was only one place suitable for fighting with the Mongols, defending the city. Only when attacking the city, the Mongol soldiers had to climb the city wall and rush forward with large knives.
If it is changed to field combat, there is no solution.
The European nobles foolishly rushed out to fight with the Mongol soldiers, that is not how many deaths, all as arrow targets.
To digress, from this point we can imagine how difficult it was for Emperor Wu of Han to fight the Xiongnu, Wei Qinghuo went to illness and fought all standard field battles, and I still can't understand what tactics the Han army relied on to defeat the Xiongnu who rode and shot the world first. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the conditions were much better, the western region was occupied, some people wanted horses and horses, and science and technology were a long way ahead.
A few more words about cavalry, there are many misunderstandings here.
One is armor, in ancient warfare, metal armor is very rare, usually leather armor, why? No practical value.
A set of iron armor, often seventy or eighty pounds, you tell me, wear this set out, can not run, what can you do?
We can understand from another angle, why is the body armor not made of steel plates?
If the mobility is zero and the strategic value is zero, since the pestle can only remain in place, why don't I build a bunker?
If you don't believe it, you wear a steel plate to find someone to fight, looking very imposing, the other party only needs to walk you twice, to ensure that you are even difficult to stand, as long as he keeps it away, you can starve you to death if you are tired.
Like the heavy cavalry, the steel armor and iron armor are purely self-seeking, the horses can't rush a few steps and their legs are weak, and the cavalry that can't run is nothing but a target, what use do you tell me?
The cavalry is not a tank, it is not used for hard steel, and considering protection is purely superfluous.
But it doesn't mean that you don't want any protection at all, because there are bows and arrows. I read an article saying that Genghis Khan invented a rattan armor that could prevent bows and arrows, and made Temujin become the second disciple of Meng, the King of Mulu.
The truth is that the Mongol soldiers did use tree rattan, but it was a shield, and the rattan shield was very light and could be hung around the waist or left arm, so as not to affect the rider's movements.
The Mongol armor was also made of leather, but the purpose was not to protect, but to keep warm, and at their temperature, the ironclad corps came back from a fight, and the ears and nose were frozen.
The real protection is silk armor, a special silk, woven with raw silk, very strong, the arrow is difficult to penetrate, will be shot into the body with the cloth with arrows, the doctor is very convenient when healing, a pull out, do not have to worry about barbs and poisoning.
Silk armor is not a remarkable invention, the Central Plains Dynasty has long had, not to mention silk armor, cotton armor and even armor made of paper.
Don't underestimate their defensive power, anything stacked dozens of layers, not to mention bows and arrows, fire bolts can not penetrate.
Those bells and whistles of heavy armor really serve two purposes, one is the honor guard, and the other is the exclusive use of two fools. For example, the Iron Floating Tu of the Golden Wushu, what exactly is the Iron Floating Tu, no one has been able to explain clearly until now, and its role is also one, the background board of the Yue Family Army.
The horse also said two sentences, saying that the Mongolian horse is a very good war horse, with the same characteristics as the Mongol soldiers, and it is resistant to maneuvering.
It is said that the domestic horse farm, because the Mongolian horse is not valuable, often ignore them, find a place to throw away, after a few years, people are still alive and jumping.
In a word, it is hard-working, good physique, and no illness.
But this does not mean that the Mongolian horse is unparalleled in the world, in fact, there are not many purebred Mongolian horses now, they are engaged in hybrid improvement, why, too small.
The Mongolian horse is indeed very useful for long-distance raids, but it does not mean that the world is invincible. A war often takes only an hour, or even tens of minutes, to win or lose, no need to run a marathon, only a sprint of five kilometers.
Face to face, do you say you pick a tall horse, or a short Mongolian horse?
Therefore, the Mongol cavalry is not good at hand-to-hand combat, and the human ponies are also small, how can they be good at it. I read a book written abroad that described 40% of the Mongol cavalry as heavy cavalry, tall war horses, riders with heavy armor, and even war horses covered with a layer of iron armor.
In battle, the light cavalry was responsible for luring the enemy, and when the enemy was lured together, the Mongol heavy cavalry came out and won with superb hand-to-hand combat techniques.
To be honest, this is simply the imagination of mentally ill people, but this book has become an important reference for the study of Mongolian military science.
Mongol cavalry? But this criterion is very vague, because the weapons of each cavalry are almost exactly the same, a bow, three bags full of arrows, a spear, and a machete.
Speaking of machetes, it should also be mentioned that the knife is curved, what is the advantage of bending the blade? Not easy to break.
Because of resonance and other reasons, the straight sword is cut on the opponent's shield, or other hard objects, it is easy to break, and the machete does not have this worry.
Every time I watch Western history or war movies and there are tall and mighty knights, carrying a long, straight and long sword and waving them on their horses, I sweat in my head.
Therefore, they are really unjust at the level of village chiefs, and if they have fought several battles in a serious manner, they should have understood that the straight sword does not apply this truth.
Anyway, it is very magical, the ancient wars in the West are almost the opposite of ours, rarely bows and arrows, fully armed, a knight with steel plate armor showing only two eyes, wielding a long and straight sword...
If placed in the ancient Battlefield of China, it must be thought that they are here to perform acrobatics.
Mongol arrows are also different, at least two kinds, one light, one heavy, heavy arrows for close shooting, light arrows for long-range attack, the foregoing said that the Mongol soldiers on horseback are far more than you is this truth. People not only have good bows, skilled riding and shooting skills, but also pay more attention to bows and arrows than you, and they are very finely divided.
So the problem comes, silk armor, machetes, bows and arrows, these are things that Europe does not have, food is easy to solve, what about weapons consumption? The Mongols needed supplies as well, but their convoys were much easier and they didn't have to push truckloads of grain around.
Therefore, when Battu heard that Wokoutai was dead, he could only retreat, and it was a rapid retreat, and the territory that had been beaten down was not wanted, and he ran until the Volga River to stop.
The loss of the rear, the lack of supplies, was a fatal blow to everyone, and the Mongol soldiers were no different.
There are many articles saying that the Mongol soldiers could not defeat the European allies, and there are also saying that the European castles stopped the Mongols, so Europe later overhauled the castles.
The Hungarian capital has been captured, can the castle be stopped? The Mongol soldiers just didn't want to waste their time. Starting from Khwarazm, how many fortified cities did the Mongols capture along the way?
Speaking of sieges, we must also interject, the biggest secret of the Mongol siege is not a catapult, Kublai Khan's era only built a return cannon, the first time applied to the battlefield, that is the Battle of Xiangyang, when the Batu Western Expedition had this thing?
Even if there were, the Mongols with hundreds of cannons, pulled all the way from the Mongolian steppes to Hungary?
The biggest secret of the Mongol siege is a sentence of Sun Tzu's art of war, "The siege of the city must be que". Leave a small opening when besieging the city, westerners do not understand at all, see a gap and desperately run from here, and then the Mongol cavalry chased all the way, simply not too easy.
The Mongol army often attacked a big city in a month, what do you think it depends on?
Therefore, when looking at Western history, they often cry and laugh, and the art of war is really too bad, day by day, they do not even understand the most basic principles of war, and they are often self-righteous, fabricated or forcibly explained, and finally make everyone stunned.
Battus had heard that the most likely successor to the throne was Guiyu, who had a bad relationship with him, so he went to the Chincha ministries and did not leave. It's not interesting to go back, just stay, anyway, the purpose of this expedition is to establish a foreign domain.
Why was it chosen here, because the Chincha tribes were surrendered, and Batu thought it was easiest to rule.
Brother Mao Zi wanted to cry without tears, the short sentence was extended to indefinite, and Brother Mao Zi made two choices to the wrong heel.
The Chincha Khanate was thus established, and Batu never returned to Mongolia, and Guiyu was very angry about this matter, and even planned to march in person, in fact, Guiyu fell ill and died on the road to the Western Expedition, and the Mongol Empire almost broke out of civil unrest.
The Third Expedition is still related to the Khwarazm, which perished decades earlier and Zalandin died, but its legacy was not eliminated.
After hua lazi mold, another country emerged in Central Asia to take the initiative to die, and muzhiyi, that is, the assassination country established by the old man in the mountain in Jin Yong's novel "The Book of the Dragon Slaughtering in the Heavens".
The conquest of Muzhiyi was just an excuse, and the reason for the third western expedition was the same as the second, the establishment of a powerful foreign domain, in other words, the Persian empire was not very obedient, and since conquest did not work, it was directly ruled.
Temujin had personally conquered, and Wokoutai had also been there, but as soon as the Mongols left, the Persian states were in chaos, and unlike the Chincha tribes, Persia was Muslim, and it was difficult for them to recognize infidels.
The Persian position was very important, related to the foreign trade of the Mongol Empire, so as soon as Möngke Khan succeeded to the throne, he set a third expedition to the west, led by the emperor Hulagu, to continue to the west.
Why use the wooden thorn as an excuse, it is said that the king of the wooden thorn yi tried to assassinate Möngke. I don't even believe this, don't say if he has that heart, even if he has that bold hand, it's not that long, Mongolia is nearly ten thousand miles away from the wooden thorn, sending a few assassins can get the emperor of the Great Mongol Empire, I really thought you would be a holy fire to order martial arts.
But in any case, the Mongol army set out on the pretext of conquest of Mujingyi, this road is all old acquaintances, so Hulagu is not in a hurry, walking is not in a hurry, in 1252 the army was dispatched, and in 1255 Hulagu came to Samarkand.
After making good preparations, in the winter of 1256 Hulagu began to attack Muzhiyi, which destroyed the country and almost slaughtered the whole country.
The conquest of the wood thorn is itself an excuse, not so much punishment as li wei, the drunken man's intention is not to drink, and the purpose of killing the wood thorn is to show the Abbasids and other countries.
If you don't obey my rule, mu thorn yi is the end.
The Abbasids were also tough and refused to surrender, and Hulagu then spent a year sweeping the Abbas and began his march into Syria in September 1259. In January 1260, Aleppo was captured, and in April Damascus was captured.
Just when the Western Expedition army was sailing smoothly, the Mongols had another accident, and the Great Khan Möngke died in The Diaoyu City in Sichuan.
Möngke died suddenly, and there was no time to appoint an heir, Hulagu was his own brother and qualified to compete for the throne, so Hulagu quickly retreated as soon as he heard the news.
If you don't understand, explain more, Kublai Khan, who later ascended to the throne, was also Möngke's younger brother. At that time, there were three competitors, the second Kublai Khan, the third Hulegu, and the fourth Ali Bu brother.
Hulagu suffered from the fact that the people were not in Mongolia, so the Mongolian part became two factions, one supporting Kublai Khan and the other supporting Ali Bu brother. Both Kublai Khan tried to win Hulagu over, but Kublai Khan's emissaries arrived a step early and entrusted him with all the land of Hulagu's western expedition.
Hulagu did not leave when he went to Persia, and since there was no drama in the struggle for the emperor, it would be good to emulate Battus as a king. After 5 years of civil war, Kublai Khan defeated Ali Buge and ascended to the throne, and then decreed that Hulegu was the lord of the Ilkhanate, and the second Mongol foreign domain was established.
Except for the first Mongol expedition to the west to eliminate the Huaraz mold and open up trade routes, the remaining two times had the obvious purpose of establishing a foreign domain, that is, the outer barrier of the Great Mongol Empire.
Why not continue the western expedition, the foreign domains have been established, of course, there is no need to work hard to mobilize the masses.
The four great Mongol khanates were the product of internal divisions and had many contradictions, such as the Golden Horde and the Ilkhanate for decades. Before the split, they were all their own people, and after the split, they became enemies, and in this case, no one dared to rush on an expedition.
For the Yuan Empire, the center of gravity was never placed on the west, and the Mongol focus was always on the southern invasion, that is, on the Central Plains.
In short, the Mongol Expedition to the West was an accidental product, if it were not for the escape of king Mahama of Khwarazm, if it were not for the accidental intrusion into the Chincha provinces during the pursuit of Jebetsu, if it were not for the fights that found the special dishes of the people here...
The Mongols did not think of the western expedition at all, the first western expedition was in a fierce fight with the Jin Dynasty, Genghis Khan said that he could not imagine that the West still had such a vast world, and the key was that it was easy to conquer.
From Mongolia and Lin to Hungary and Syria, this is an expedition that no one can imagine, and no one with the richest imagination can plan such a long supply line in advance.
As for how to blow the European coalition army, I will say a word, you calculate how far Mongolia has traveled to Europe, the expedition and the fight at the doorstep are completely two difficulties, not to mention mongolia's almost cross-earth expedition.
You let the Europeans go on an expedition to the Southern Song Dynasty, and I guarantee that they will not even be able to pass the Chincha departments. Whether it was the Batu Western Expedition or the Hulagu Western Expedition, it was all partial divisions, and the Mongol Great Khan Yulin's personal army had always been in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Accidents, all accidents.