The Battle of the Sayo River was an important part of the Mongol army's western expedition and one of the classic battles in history in which few victories were won!
Causes of war
In 1215, Khwarazm sent envoys to see Genghis Khan to inquire about the Mongol attitude towards Khwarazm! Genghis Khan gladly received the envoy and held a grand banquet to welcome the guest from afar!
During the banquet, Genghis Khan told the emissaries of Khwarazm his thoughts, hoping that the two countries could live in harmony forever and open up business exchanges between the two countries!
Returning to the messenger of Khwarazm, he relayed genghis Khan's meaning to king Khwarazm! Both sides agreed to sign a peace agreement to ensure permanent peace between the two countries!
In 1218, Genghis Khan sent a delegation to Khwarazm and formally signed a peace treaty! However, soon after the signing of this treaty, it was ended by accident!
In late 1218, shortly after Genghis Khan's mission left, a group of Mongol merchants was intercepted and killed by the locals in the city of Khwarazm!
When Genghis Khan learned of this, he immediately sent emissaries to Khwarazm to urge king Khwarazm to punish the officials who had committed crimes and recover the looted goods! However, this request was immediately rejected by king Khwarazm, and the Mongol emissary was killed on the spot!
Soon, the news spread back to Mongolia, and Genghis Khan felt humiliated and humiliated, so he decided to march west to Huarazimo! To his ignorance, but also to color!
In April 1221, after three years of war, Hua lazimo was destroyed, and the capital of Huarazimo, Jade Dragon Jiechi, and other cities were officially assigned to the Mongolian territory!
Affected Eastern Europe
After the Mongol army swept away the Khwarazm, the Mongol sphere of influence reached the Ural River region at the junction of Eurasia! At this time, the area east of the Ural River was occupied by the Mongols, but the west of the Ural River had not yet been pacified! Therefore, soon, the Mongol army began the second western expedition! Conquer Eastern Europe!
In 1236 AD, Genghis Khan's son Wo Kuotai personally arranged a four-way army, a total of 150,000 soldiers and horses, and began to approach the first stop in Eastern Europe, the Grand Duchy of Moss! At this time, although the moscow cities all made some resistance, because Eastern Europe was at that time, all countries were the government, and each city was the main government, so when the Mongol army attacked every city in Eastern Europe, they did not receive support, so soon the Mongol army pacified the Grand Duchy of Moscow!
The Battle of the Sayo River broke out
After pacifying the Grand Duchy of Moscow, the Mongol army pacified Poland, which was second only to the Grand Duchy of Moscow in Eastern Europe! Then the Mongol Three-Way Army will be under the city of Mazar! (Hungary)
The capital of the Mazar state is divided into two cities, one is the capital Buda and the other is Pest! Although Pest is not the seat of the capital, the palace of the Magyar Kingdom is in Pest! Thus King Bella IV of the Kingdom of Mazar resided in Pest!
In 1240 AD, the Mongol army left 30,000 horses to defend Poland, and the remaining 120,000 troops set out for the Mazar kingdom in three ways! Among them, the vanguard is the 60,000-strong army led by Batu and Subutai!
In 1241 AD, the 60,000 horses led by Battus officially arrived at the city of Buda, at this time, the King of Magyar, Bella IV, was still asleep, believing that his city was dependent on the Danube River and could prevent the Mongols from crossing the river! Unexpectedly, the Mongols crossed the Danube So Quickly and threatened their capital!
Shortly after the Mongol army arrived at the city, the awakened Bella IV realized that things were not good, and he immediately arranged 100,000 people to immediately resist the enemy in the city! to stop the Mongol army from occupying Buda! And ordered everyone not to go out of the city!
At this time, Battus saw that Bella IV was holding out in the city, and how could he not come out! I was in a bit of a hurry! But there is a plan for speed! It is to lure the enemy out of the city and then surround and annihilate it, only in this way can we occupy Buda in a short period of time!
The next day, Subutai lured Bella IV to the vicinity of the River Ninh, and then Batu led his army to retreat to the vicinity of the Sayo River, in order to create the illusion of defeat! Sure enough, Bella IV also led his men and horses to the vicinity of the Sayo River and camped in the west of the river! At night, Beira IV sent more than 1,000 people to guard the bridge deck of the Saiyo River to block it and prevent the Mongol army from sneaking attacks! At this time, the Mongol army did not attack from the front, but sent some people to sneak from the raft of the Sayo River to the back of Bella IV to reach the purpose of encircling Bella IV!
On the third day, when the Mongol army formed a huge encirclement of Bella IV, Subutai immediately ordered that all the Mongol armies immediately launch a fierce attack on the army of the Mazar State, and at this time, Bella IV, who was still sleeping, saw that things were not good, and hurriedly led his army to meet the battle! It's too late! Under the pursuit of the Mongol army cavalry, the soldiers of the Mazar kingdom died and fled! It's like a piece of loose sand!
Then Subutai took advantage of the victory to pursue, breaking bella IV's breakthrough again and again, and finally annihilating all 70,000 horses in the mazar kingdom! However, more than a thousand Janissaries escorted Bella IV out! Of course, it wasn't long before Buda and Pest were captured by the Mongol army!
This is where the famous Battle of the Sayo River begins and ends!
Many people, after seeing the truth of this battle, wondered why Bella IV was defeated so quickly! Because, logically speaking, Bella IV had many advantages, such as more troops than the Mongol army! It's waiting to be done again! The Mongol army, on the other hand, was the opposite, and was all at a disadvantage, but it was such an unequal war! Why did Bella IV lose?
First, blind arrogance
When the Mongol army conquered Russia, Bella IV should immediately organize an army to prevent it! And when the Mongol army began to attack Poland, Bella IV either allied with it and provided support, or rushed to prepare for the battle, so that the Mongol army could also be attacked head-on after the arrival of the Mongol army!
But how did Bella IV do it! When the Mongol army attacked Russia, Bella IV only watched the fire from across the shore! When the Mongol army attacked his neighboring Poland, Bella IV not only did not give him effective support, but closed the country! Let itself perish! What is even more ridiculous is that after the Mongol army occupied Poland, Bella IV was still there to do the dream that the Mongol army could not cross the Danube River and passively skipped the battle!
All kinds of blind arrogance, all kinds of self-righteousness finally gave Bella IV a taste of the evil consequences!
Second, they do not understand the art of war
Sun Tzu's Art of War, The Thirty-Six Counts, etc. are all lessons that all the great masters in the land of China must learn! Even Genghis Khan and the commander-in-chief of this campaign, Su Butai, are no exception! But did Bella IV read these martial arts? Naturally, he is not familiar with reading, one is not, and the other is that he does not know how to think of danger in peace!
Therefore, when using the trick of luring the enemy to go deeper, Bella IV was not defensive or alert! As a result, when he was attacked by The Speedy Platform, he seemed helpless! Disorderly!
The most important thing is that he can completely rely on the city, soldiers, horses, grain and grass, and close the city! Drag the Mongol army to its knees! Or when going out of the city to fight the Mongol army, rely on the familiar terrain and negotiate with the Mongol army! All kinds of favorable factors, but they were not played by Bella IV! This proves that Bella IV was a man who did not know the art of war! And there is no actual combat experience!
Third, the strength of the army is not good
The armies of Eastern Europe were all armed to the teeth, and their armor was much heavier than that of the Mongol army! And their weapons are not sabers used by the Mongols, but heavy weapons similar to spears! In particular, their bodies are bigger and more resistant than the Mongols!
But with such hard power, why did it still lose!
The main reason is still in themselves! It's like giving you a gun that you won't make, and that gun can only be an iron lump! Give you a wooden stick, you won't throw it, it can only be a burning stick! Therefore, the army of Bella IV, when facing the Mongol army, is more of its own strength, and the objective strength of weapons and stature cannot be compared at all!
Also, their soft power is not good! For example, morale, the courage to dare to fight, these are the withdrawal of their own strength! But let's see how Bella IV's army behaved when it encountered the oncoming Mongol army.
Flee in a hurry, throw away their armor, and the funniest thing is that many of them were trampled to death by their own people! This shows that in the panic of escape, there was a stampede phenomenon! Therefore, an army without a soul, his strength, can only be a thought! As long as he broke through this defensive line, he would basically fall and scatter! Therefore, the weakness of Bella IV's army was also one of the main reasons for his defeat!