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Fold the flowers and send them to the Longtou people.
Gangnam has nothing, talk about giving a branch of spring.
The wind god rolled up the sand, and the river boy stopped the waves. The Gobi was a lonely smoke, and in the blink of an eye, it was outside Dunhuang City.
Trekking northeast of the ancient city of Shun, it is not long before it is a brown mountain covered with rocks, which is the famous Three Dangers Mountain.
Among them, the branches are like flames burning, and the grass and trees are not left behind, and the locals also call it "Flame Mountain".
The mountains are steep and difficult to climb, and go deep along the valley. Turn a corner and your eyes will suddenly open up.
Who would have thought that between these desert mountains, there would be a paradise of great splendor:
Poplar leaves are within reach, grass and velvet are laid on the ground, the air is humid and the sound of water echoes in the ears.
Yes, only a few springs, tenaciously drilling out of the crevices, although there is no nine-day waterfall magnificent, but quietly nourishing all things, giving birth to a small oasis.
Hanging springs, hanging water
It is precisely for this reason that this sweet spring is called "hanging water" by the locals, and time is moving forward, and there have been several strokes in the history books of the Tang Dynasty, which record that this place is called "hanging spring".
The lonely sandbar is cold, and countless times are like the moon, enveloping this small spring.
Until the late 1980s, locals often found broken pottery pieces and rags nearby that looked like antiquities.
Soon the archaeological team moved in to excavate. A piece of Han Dynasty wood was excavated from the silt, and the ink was still clearly recognizable: the hanging spring was placed in a pavilion.
Further excavations shocked the world: a border pass of the Han Dynasty more than 2,000 years ago reappeared in the world.
When archaeologists dig through the ground floor, they see people going to the empty rooms, fragmented wall skins, which are mixed with ancient jane, shredded paper, wood, leather shoes...
Everything is quiet, but people can't wait to know:
What is the place where the hanging spring at the desert border is located? What mysterious discoveries will emerge? And what kind of story has happened?
01 Hanging Spring: Dahan Border Pass, a world heritage site that has been sealed for thousands of years
In Doha, Qatar in 2014, an eight-year-long road to apply for heritage was settled.
After unesco review, China, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan jointly declared the "Silk Road: Chang'an - Road Network of the Tianshan Corridor", which was officially inscribed on the World Heritage List!
Behind the excitement, look at the 5 heritage sites in China of the "Silk Road Heritage Application", including the Yumenguan Ruins, the Maijishan Grottoes, etc., which have long been familiar to everyone, but there is a heritage site that has been lost for more than 2,000 years in the past and has not been known for a long time.
This is the site of the Hanging Spring.
In fact, the same is true of the archaeologists who excavated that year. For example, the ancient Jane "hanging spring place" that opens the mystery, what does this "place" mean?
Flipping through the history books, it turned out that the "placement" was the establishment of the station at that time.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was called "Chuanshe", and in the 4th year of his son Emperor Zhao's reign (84 BC), it was called "Place", and it was renamed "Yi" when it was used in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Hanging Spring, as the name suggests, is a border pass station named after Hanging Spring.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was a man of great talent, and during his reign, he chiseled through the western region, and since then, in the vein of the Silk Road, there have been more than 80 stations dotted around, and the hanging spring is one of them.
Hanging Springs is geographically located
How long has it been here?
With doubts, the archaeological team uncovered layer by layer. The entire ruins of the station amount to more than 20,000 square meters. To the southwest of the site are several beacons, in addition to a Han Dynasty architectural complex, including the office office, stables, inns and other base sites.
Discover pictures
At a glance of a thousand years, through time, it is as if you see the bustling and busy scene of that year.
There are 6 cultural layers buried underground, the deepest of which is 1.3 meters, spanning about 200 years from the Western Han Dynasty to the Eastern Han Dynasty. It began as early as the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and was the most brilliant during the reign of Emperor Xuan of Han, and gradually declined after entering the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Although these 400 years are lonely and silent, fortunately, the evidence that people have lived is sealed in the dry sand of the northwest.
The entire hanging spring site has unearthed more than 70,000 cultural relics. These include Han Jian, Shu Shu, Paper, Bronze, Iron, Silk, Horse Bone... It is as if people have traveled back to the border life of the Han Dynasty two thousand years ago.
Standing in a desolate ruin, the cold wind whistling through, archaeologists have a question in their hearts: What kind of glory has there been here?
Hanging spring restoration map
According to the restoration, the Hanging Spring is a complex dock fort building:
In the center is a vast square courtyard, which was originally more than 8 meters high, and the courtyard is surrounded by towering corner towers overlooking the ancient road under the Flame Mountain.
The courtyard is built against the wall, and 27 rooms have been cleared, these houses are either single rooms or suites, and the suites are also equipped with toilets, and the remains of the excrement trough outside the house are still left.
According to excavated data, the western row should be a guest room, the so-called caravanserai, two rows of soldiers and civil servants living on the north wall, while the southeast is the kitchen, and a row of huge stables has been built outside the south wall, accumulating a thick layer of air-dried horse dung and ash.
Unveiling these historical strata, the hanging spring has been desolate for more than two thousand years, as if gradually opening the dusty gate.
Site
To the west of the site, archaeologists excavated a "gray area," the area where waste was discarded at the time.
It is here that the past of chai rice oil and salt and jingo iron horses is completely sealed in the dirt.
What "treasures" are hidden inside?
The first is the horizontal and vertical animal skeletons, which faithfully record the food of the soldiers in that year.
Chickens, cattle and sheep can be identified in the bones, as well as barley, corn grains and alfalfa seeds, peach cores, and apricot cores.
In addition, a large number of lacquerware cutlery was found, such as chopsticks, plates and spoons, as well as wine ear cups, which were simple but not crude.
It seems that the Han Dynasty in the hanging spring area was well managed, and people not only ate grain fruits and vegetables every day, but also opened meat and drank some wine from time to time.
At the same time, the ash pit excavated fragments of various silk fabrics, leather and wool fabrics, while other preserved items are even more emotional:
For example, a few large hemp shoes, as well as mini small leather shoes, or from a father and son, wearing more than 30 sizes of dad dragging a size 12 small doll.
Excavated artifacts
A wooden cake engraved with "loyalty" on both sides should come from the soldier's seal, I don't know if the love story is staged at the station?
The word "love" is wooden cake, and the reverse is loyalty
Clusters of copper arrows piled up in the corners, what kind of war has erupted here?
In addition, the five-baht copper coins of the Han Dynasty scattered in the ash pit can't help but make people wonder, is there a rich man who has thrown thousands of dollars?
The reverse side is "love", and the hanging spring is placed in the unearthed wooden cake
Of course, in addition to these, let the hanging spring really leave a name for Chinese archaeology, there are several amazing discoveries, such as electric light piercing the historical night sky:
Ancient paper, hanging spring site excavated
The first is more than 500 sheets of hemp paper. Made from plant fibers such as ramie and hemp, from packaging wrapped in herbs, to documents with handwritten handwriting... Most of the paper is relatively thick and uneven, and should be made for the early "pouring paper method", thanks to the dry climate, fortunately survived to this day, shocking the eyes of archaeologists.
The so-called "pouring paper method" is to use hemp to peel, immerse in lime milk and cook, precipitate the white fibers, pound the fibers with a wooden hammer, wait until the fibers become shorter, and brush them on the curtain to dry.
What is exciting is that after identification, some of these papers are from the Time of Emperor Xuan of the Western Han Dynasty!
This discovery rewrote history: you know, it has always been believed that papermaking was invented by Cai Lun of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The suspension of hemp paper, combined with the discovery of FangmaTan and Baqiao, proves that as early as 2,000 years ago in the Western Han Dynasty, Chinese invented papermaking and spread it on the silk roadside pass.
In addition, more important is the Han Dynasty Jane, many of which are wooden Janes: the total number of nearly 30,000 pieces is staggering, of which more than 20,000 have text left, spanning more than 200 years of the Han Dynasty.
The earliest date of this batch of ancient Janes is the 6th year of Emperor Yuanding of the Han Dynasty (111 BC), and the latest is the first year of the Eastern Han Dynasty Emperor Yongchu (107 AD), including edicts, laws, spells, calendars, mathematics, medical techniques, soma and so on.
Unearthed Han Jane
It records a lot of cold knowledge, such as the people who were most afraid of sandstorms at that time, that is, "black wind". One day, a dark wind swept through the heavens and the earth, breaking the trees, injuring a man named Zhao Ding, and an emissary surnamed Huang, and the mounts were scared to death.
As the identification was cleared, some fragments of text caught the attention of experts.
They are like mirrors sinking into the ground, and in the mirror are the joys and sorrows of two thousand years ago, reflecting the ripples of the Bright Moon and Han Shiguan in the Qin Dynasty.
02 Hanging Fountain Ancient Jane: Under the torrent of the times, those forgotten little people
Back more than 2,000 years ago, from Yangguan to the west, the Silk Road was like a silver dragon.
Along the way, the business travel is busy, and nearly 10 "places" are distributed in the Dunhuang area alone. The Han Dynasty deployed a large number of troops here, and officials and soldiers "cultivated without any trouble, and fought when there was something", guarding this hard-won strategic road.
The curtain of the great Han dynasty slowly rises, they are like carriages walking in the morning sun, and the sea is full of visitors from all directions.
Judging from the excavated data, like other stations in the Hexi Corridor, the hanging springs are full of people:
There were emissaries and caravans from various countries in the Western Regions, as well as armies and missions on the frontiers of the Western Han Dynasty, in addition to many Hu people who had submitted to the surrounding areas, criminals issued by the imperial court, and non-commissioned officers and slaves who followed the envoys...
The vast majority of them were drowned by the torrent of time, and there is no record in history.
But their life of Baiwei, sealed in the ancient Jane unearthed around Dunhuang, the warmth of two thousand years ago shines brightly.
Sick, wild far away as an official, life and death may not see each other...
A letter from the shoulder water Jinguan, the letter writer far away from home to the border pass, and the brothers in the family for many years, now infected with wind and cold and sick, can only sigh in the letter, I am afraid that I will never see each other again in this life.
Han Dynasty Ancient Jane: "There is an emergency"
Open prostration, Zi Hui Rong waited in front of him, counted, Yuan did not dare to speak, but he was dead. Will open up the meta-drawbacks... May the son Huixing mourn and pity, and fortunately through the son Huiwei one or two days ear, do not dare to stay for a long time. Only the money is not in a hurry, and he prostrates his head white
"Zi Hui, my pants are torn, I want to send them home for sewing, I wanted to borrow from you before, but there were too many people at that time, and I didn't have the good sense to mention it." Now there is really no way, I can only tell you with a thick face, I hope you pity me, borrow my pants for a few days, and return them to you as soon as they are repaired. ”
Xiao Bing's name is Yuan Chang, and his family is in a difficult situation, because he has no pants to wear, he can only borrow one from his friend Zi Hui with a red face. The frontier is bitter and cold, full of paper and sad, but I don't know if I borrowed it in the end?
Between the lines, the sentient beings float and sink, the carriages of the Han Empire drive like the wind, and the sound of sparkling horses' hooves spreads to the depths of history.
In addition to the above, a Han Jian unearthed by a hanging spring: let a small person who does not see any history books, the "Shi Xi (sound and color) fu" Hong, who is placed in the hanging spring, stand tall and push open the door of two thousand years ago.
What is "Shifu"? This is a title for grassroots personnel below the county level in the Qin and Han Dynasties.
Unearthed ancient records show that in the small hanging spring, the "Zhi ShiFu" was in charge of overall affairs, and there was a "Zhi Zuo" to cooperate with him. In addition, there are also the "passer-off" who manages the accommodation, the "kitchen man" who manages the catering, and the "warehouse man" who manages the materials.
It can be said that more than two thousand years ago, the skeleton of the Great Han Border Pass was supported by these unknown soldiers in addition to the soldiers wrapped in the corpses of Ma Ge.
According to the records of Gu Jian, in the more than two hundred years of hanging springs, Hongquan was the longest-serving fu. He worked diligently for 19 years from the 3rd year of the Western Han Dynasty (63 BC) to the 4th year of the First Yuan Dynasty (45 BC).
Hong's hometown is in the nearby Xiaogu County, according to the Western Han Tradition, the family should have some land property, have studied for several years, can read and hyphenate, so about 25 years old to become a hanging spring shifu, did nearly 20 years of retirement.
The coaching inn is bustling, and the hanging spring is like a small sail of the imperial giant ship, hunting and dancing at the border pass of the undercurrent.
The rafters of the times, in addition to painting the Silk Road that stretched for thousands of miles, also sprinkled the life of ShiFuhong dazzlingly.
In fact, although such a grassroots official did not leave a name in the history books at all, many major national events that occurred on the Silk Road in the middle of the Western Han Dynasty were directly or indirectly related to him.
If you don't believe me, please see this Hanging Spring Ancient Jane: "Changluo Hou Over the Hanging Spring Expense Book".
Chang LuoHou over the hanging spring to place the fee book
The name alone is confusing. Dismantling it is clear: Chang Luohou's reception expenditure at the hanging spring is recorded.
The recorded time is the 5th year of the Western Han Dynasty Yuan Kang (61 BC). The elderly Luo Hou and his party went on an envoy to the Western Regions, and when they passed through the Hanging Spring, Hongcao organized this table of wine and vegetables to wash the wind and dust, and wrote down in detail the food and the number of people procured.
What did they eat?
Judging from the records, Hiroshi prepared beef, mutton, chicken, fish and the like, with corn staples, and some drinks, meat and vegetables, rice and wine, which can be said to be quite rich.
writing
Trekking hard in the desolate Gobi and eating such a steaming meal, this feast must be a pleasure for guests and hosts.
At this point, I believe you must be curious: there are so many missions in and out of the hanging spring, who is this Chang Luohou? Is it worth hanging on to the fountain to put Fu Hong's hospitality like this?
Under the stars of Su Wu and Zhang Qian, there is also a character: Changluo Hou Changhui.
Although few people know about it today, at that time, he was also a well-known diplomat, no less famous than all of the above.
According to the Book of Han, Chang Hui's legend began in the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
In 100 BC, the struggle between the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu was in full swing, and Emperor Wu sent an envoy Su Wu to the Xiongnu, and Chang Hui was a member of this regiment.
The group arrived with great difficulty, but the trip was really dangerous. Not long after the Xiongnu infighting, the Xiongnu Detained the Mission, and Chang Hui and Su Wu were scattered and imprisoned for 19 years.
In this darkest moment, Su Wu Beihai shepherded sheep, and his heart was sad and did not forget the Han Dynasty. Chang Hui, on the other hand, was silently looking for an opportunity, and finally in 81 BC, exactly 19 years later, during the reign of Emperor Zhao of Han, he returned to Chang'an after nine deaths.
Seeing Chang Hui's return, the Han Dynasty was concerned about Su Wu, who was in captivity. Seeing the Xiongnu emissary asking about his whereabouts, he got a cold answer: Su Wu, died early.
Su Wu shepherd theme painting
Chang Hui knew that the Xiongnu were cunning, and calculated his heart to let the Han envoy reply: My Great Han Tianzi clearly shot a big goose in Shanglin Garden, and tied Su Wu's handwritten book, how can you say that Su Wu is dead?
The idiom "Book of Hongyan" comes from this.
The Xiongnu were single-handed, and not long after, they returned Su Wu, who was shepherding sheep in the North Sea.
After this incident, Chang Hui's prestige in the imperial court increased sharply, and Emperor Zhao "praised his diligence and worshipped him as the Grand Master of Guanglu", and then he embarked on a silk road journey and became an important staff officer of the Han Dynasty to manage the western region.
According to historical records, Changhui the Marquis of Changluo visited the Western Regions six times in his lifetime. And he came to the feast of Shifuhiro, which was the 5th mission.
Hanging Spring gathered all kinds of news, and Hong knew in his heart that Chang luohou's mission was arduous, and the destination was the Wusun Kingdom, one of the Thirty-Six Kingdoms in the Western Regions.
Compared with the Han Dynasty, Wusun was a small country, but it guarded the main road to Central Asia and was a buffer for the Han Dynasty to compete with the Xiongnu. Because of this, the Western Han court was always alert to Wusun, and Emperor Wu of han once used the imperial woman Princess Xiaojun and his relatives.
"Ju Chang Tu Si Xi is sad in his heart, and he is willing to return to his hometown for Huang Huxi!" After Princess Xiaojun came to Wusun, she was depressed for a few years, leaving behind a "Song of Sorrow". A Han Dynasty noblewoman who succeeded her was married again, and this was the Princess of Jieyou.
No one could have imagined that, unlike the sad and fragile Xiao Jun, Princess Jieyou stepped into the Palace of The Wusun King and defended the Wanli Mountains of the Western Han Dynasty with inexhaustible enthusiasm.
She is like a red thread, firmly tying Wusun thousands of miles away with the Han Dynasty.
In 74 BC, Wusun was besieged by the Xiongnu and the small state of the Western Regions, and when the large army was suppressing the territory, Princess Jieyou resolutely asked the Han Dynasty for help, and sent an urgent letter to Jane, and quickly rushed to the Hanging Spring and the post stations along the way, calling for emergency help to Chang'an.
From this point on, Chang Hui was repeatedly ordered to send envoys to unite with Wusun to contain the Xiongnu.
According to the ancient Records, in 72 BC, Chang Hui went to Wusun via the Hanging Spring and allied with princess Jieyou and the leader of Wusun to fight the Xiongnu.
Ruins of the Ancient City of the Western Regions
That passing by should also be the first time that Shi Fuhong saw the famous Zhen Han Chang luohou.
Two years later, Chang Hui successfully borrowed troops from the State of Wusun with the help of Princess Jieyou, and allied with the countries of the Western Regions, leading tens of thousands of people to conquer Guizi who was attached to the Xiongnu, and stabilizing the situation for the Western Han Dynasty in one fell swoop!
With such a strong record, this 5th visit is for another big event.
Princess Jieyou's son Yuan Guijing was about to be made crown prince, and Wusun wanted to further make friends with the Han Dynasty, so he asked to marry a Han Dynasty princess.
Therefore, Emperor Xuan of Han chose Princess Zhiyou's niece, Xiangfu, as a princess, and was escorted into Wusun by Chang Hui.
As he drove into the gate of the hanging spring with his relatives and horses, this happy event of kissing and kissing must have warmed and melted the hanging spring this night, and everywhere was full of joy.
Hong specially prepared a table of dinner with his colleagues.
Flipping through the "Long Luohou Expense Book", we seem to see a stretched face of Long Luohou talking with Shifu, the lights are bright as day, illuminating the faces of the surrounding soldiers who are blown red by the wind, and maybe they will be able to go home soon.
Ruins of the Ancient City of Jiaohe
A year later, in 60 BC, the Western Han Dynasty officially established the Western Regions Capital Protectorate in Wulei City, which was in charge of the garrison and government decrees in the Western Regions, and a Western Han general Zheng Ji, who had rescued Chang Hui, became the first Western Regions Protector.
Time passed, the boiling voice gradually faded, and the lights placed in the hanging spring gradually extinguished.
More than ten years later, Princess Jieyou returned to Chang'an at the age of more than 70 years old, and soon Chang Hui also died of illness here, through the three dynasties of Emperor Wu, Emperor Zhao, and Emperor Xuan, and the history books recorded that they did not hesitate to praise.
And Fu Hong, who has experienced countless legends, sank in the long river of thousands of years of history, and finally did not know when to die, nor did he know where the tomb returned.
Behind them, the hanging spring was still noisy and lively for more than a hundred years, and finally buried by the cold sand of yellow sand. The record of ordinary bamboo is left underground, and after two thousand years, it flashes like the afterglow of another life.
Aaron said:
The twilight slowly hung down, and the empty hanging spring was placed outside, and Shifu Hong stared at the distant back of Chang Luohou.
Behind him, the caravan slowly walked into the city gate with a camel bell, and the sergeant standing guard in the distance stood between the yellow sands of the Gobi, with the moonlight above his head shining brightly.
Two thousand years is a sea of vicissitudes.
Today's Hanging Spring Site, as the only archaeological excavation of the Han Dynasty station, is not only officially listed as a "World Cultural Heritage", but also known as a great discovery of silk road archaeology!
Whether it is a cultural relic that rewrites history or an ancient Jane that records precious information, it can be said that it is a well-deserved cultural treasure!
And it is in the small hanging spring: the princess who relies on worries for the country and the radiant Changluohou opened a legend of life, and the little person who drowned in history witnessed everything, and can't help but make people sigh the magic of historical heritage.
But in other words, if you are a prince by words, you will become a thousand bones.
On the back side of history, there will always be thousands of ordinary people like Shifu, floating in the tide of history, struggling to live and die as usual.
Fortunately, their inkblots survive to this day, filling in the gaps in the pages. Two thousand years later, you and I, and two thousand years ago, when we look up, we see the same round of Chinese bright moon!
I'm @Aaron the Arun the Walker, welcome to follow me, every treasure artifact has a history of walking hearts
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Li Gangjun: The tragic fierce general will leave a thousand-year legacy, among the eighteen weapons, why is it the most special?
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