The Svalbard Islands are located in the Arctic region, the territory belongs to Norway, and the mainland has established a Chinese research station here. How can the mainland establish scientific research stations on the territory of other countries?
The Svalbard Islands were first discovered by the Dutch explorer Barents on 19 June 1596. Subsequently, groups of brave Europeans crossed the sea by boat to "break into the Kanto", the most of them Norwegians and Russians. Subsequently, it was discovered and discovered that it had rich seabed resources, so the Western powers claimed that they had absolute sovereignty over the island, and this quarrel was endless, and even almost fought.
Fighting in the icy Arctic, no one will get any benefits, what to do? Everyone felt that meeting and negotiating a solution was the best way.
On February 9, 1920, Britain, the United States, Denmark, Norway and 18 other countries, after a busy shuttle diplomacy, signed the Spitsbergen Treaty of Administrative Status, known as the "Svalbard Treaty", in Paris. In 1925, China, the former Soviet Union, Germany, and 33 other countries also participated in the treaty, becoming allies of the Svalbard Treaty.
The treaty made Svalbard the first and only demilitarized zone in the Arctic. The treaty recognizes Norway's "full and complete sovereignty" and that the region "shall never be used for the purposes of war". However, citizens of each State Party may freely enter and engage in legitimate production and commercial activities within the limits of compliance with Norwegian law. In other words, Chinese also has full access to the Svalbard area, to establish a logistics base for Arctic expeditions, and to carry out normal scientific expeditions.
How did China accede to the Svalbard Treaty? This also please France, some people will say that the country has such a good heart, don't worry!
Western countries have gone out to maximize the division of their own interests, and the world is looking for little brothers everywhere. Among them, the French found Duan Qirui and asked him to choose a side. Duan Qirui had no concept or interest in this thing at that time, and he also knew that this was a game of the great powers, but France could not sign it when it came to him!
So Duan Qirui casually found an errand runner to ask him to help sign, this errand brother who did not even have a name arrived in the ice and snow of Northern Europe after the ignorance of the team, and then vaguely signed and came back. The treaty, called the Treaty of Svalbard, entered into force on 14 August 1925.
Due to Duan Qirui's lack of attention and the chaos of the Beiyang government, the agreement did not know which horn it was thrown into. Professor Gao's inadvertent move brought the agreement back to light.
Due to the chaotic management of Duan Qirui's government, there is almost no other record of the signing of this important document, so New China did not know about it.
In the 1980s and 1990s, Chinese explorer Professor Gao was invited by Professor Ye Xin of the University of Bergen in Norway to participate in the Arctic Comprehensive Scientific Expedition. The biggest gain of this expedition was that Professor Gao accidentally saw the English version of the Treaty of Svalbard in the pamphlet "Arctic Guide" donated by Professor Ye Xin.
Therefore, after he returned to China, he quickly reported the situation. After the Chinese Academy of Sciences learned of this matter, it immediately instructed the Chinese Association of Scientific Exploration to make every effort to promote the construction of the Arctic Chinese Scientific Expedition Station, and added a sub-topic "Investigation and Research on the Scientific Construction station of the Arctic Svalbard Islands" to the major scientific research project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Accordingly, China established the Chinese Arctic Yellow River Station here in 2004 to conduct scientific research on regional and global climate change in the Arctic.