In order to actively promote the construction of cultural Fengtai
Show Fengtai's unique cultural charm and urban quality
Fengtai District Rong Media Center
with the Party History Work Office of the Fengtai District Committee
Jointly launched the audio column "Fengtai History"
Told for you
The story that takes place on our doorstep...
History of Fengtai
Jin Zhongdu's past and present lives
In this issue of "Fengtai History", we will tell the story of "The Past and Present Life of Jin Zhongdu: The Construction of Jin Zhongdu by Yan Liang" (Part 1).
After jin joined forces with the Northern Song to destroy the Liao, in the third year of Tianhui (1125), the Jin army occupied Yanshan Province, and then marched south, and Tianhui attacked the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty in four years, capturing the two emperors of Song Huizong and Song Qinzong, and the Northern Song Dynasty was destroyed. The following year, Emperor Huizong of Song's son Zhao Zhao of Kang took the throne at Yingtianfu (present-day Shangqiu, Henan) and changed his name to Yuan Jianyan as Emperor Gaozong of Song. In the autumn of the sixth year of the Jin Dynasty, the Jin army marched to Shandong, Henan, and Shaanxi, and Emperor Gaozong of Song immediately fled south. In September of the seventh year of tianhui, under the pursuit of the large army of Emperor YanZongbi (Jin Wushu), Emperor Gaozong of Song fled to the fujian coast. After a large-scale raid on Lin'an, jin soldiers returned north the following year, and Emperor Gaozong of Song returned to Lin'an to establish the Southern Song dynasty in the southeast of An' side. In the first year of the reign of the Jin Emperor (1141), the Song and Jin signed a peace treaty, which assigned all the areas north of Huaishui to the Territory of the Jin Dynasty. Because it was during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty, this peace treaty was called "Shaoxing Peace Agreement". At this time, the Southern Song Dynasty had killed the anti-Jin general Yue Fei, and there was no longer any preparation for resisting Jin, and Jin's rule in Northern China had turned into a stable state, and the relocation of the capital was on the agenda.
In the first ten years of Jin's occupation of northern China, it basically followed the Liao's "five capital system": the names and locations of LiaoyangFu and Datongfu in Xijing did not change; the capital of Jin, HuiningFu (present-day Nanbaichengzi, Acheng District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province), was upgraded to Shangjing; Bieliang (present-day Kaifeng, Henan Province) was used as Nanjing; Liaozhongjing was changed to Beijing Dadingfu; Liaoning Nanjing (present-day Beijing) was renamed Yanjing, and after the capital was moved, it was changed to Daxingfu, the capital of Zhongdu. The Emperor of the Jin Dynasty who decided and completed the feat of moving the capital was Yan Liang.
Finish Yan Liang, ziyuan gong, the real name of the woman is Di Gu Nai. He was the eldest grandson of Jin Taizu and the second son of Taishi Yan Zonggan. The Chronicle of the Great Golden Kingdom, Hailing King Ji says that he was "a few but knowledgeable, long, self-mannered, and the treasury of the government has nothing to love, and the world is called a sage... A chant, a chant, the crown at that time, the depth is serious, unpredictable." The throne of Yan Liang was obtained by him usurping the throne. To explain the origin of the matter, we must start from Jin Xizong's completion of Yan Qi.
Jin Xizong was the eldest grandson of The Great-grandson of the Completed Yan Akuta, who had been educated by the Han scholar Han Fang since childhood, and could write articles in Chinese characters, and was quite interested in Han culture. After he succeeded to the throne, the government was dominated by the founding heroes such as Completed Yan Zonghan, Completed Yan Zonggan, and Completed Yan Zongbi, who had elected him to succeed to the throne, until October of the eighth year of the imperial rule (1148), when Emperor Yan Zongbi died and Completed Yan Was able to govern himself. However, Empress Pei Manshi interfered in political affairs to the point of being unscrupulous, and coupled with the death of two sons of Guanyan Qi, crown prince Guanyan Ji'an and Wei Wang Wanyan Daoji, Wanyan Qi, who had no experience in governing the country, began to drink like a life and had a capricious personality. In order to eliminate the political enemies and kill on a large scale, for a time the group of ministers was shocked and terrified, and tang Kuo, who had been punished with a cane, the right minister Yan Bingde, and the Dali Qing Wudai jointly conspired with Yan Liang to abolish the establishment.
One night in the first year of Jin Tiande's reign, Daxingguo, a resentful eunuch who had been tortured by a staff, acted as an internal response, and at two o'clock, he opened the palace gate with a key, and released Yan Liang, Yan Bingde, Tang Kuo, Wu Dai, Tu Shan Zhen, Li Lao monk, and others to Xizong's bedchamber. The guards suddenly stabbed at the tiger and Ali, and Yan Xizong reached out to touch the saber on the edge of the bed, but unexpectedly had been taken elsewhere by Daxingguo, so Yan Liang was stabbed, and Yan Liang went forward to cut a few knives with his own hands, blood splashed all over his clothes and face, Jin Xizong was killed in this way, and then Yan Liang sat on the throne, and the crowd shouted long live. After Yan Liang usurped the throne, he changed the ninth year of the emperor's reign to the first year of Tiande, and began his twelve-year reign with clear merits and demerits.
A major political move after Yan Liang seized power was to move the capital to Yanjing. According to the "Jin Shi Hailing Benji", in March of the third year of Tiande (1151), he issued an edict to "Guangyan City and build a palace room". In April of the same year, Yan Liang issued an edict and decided to move the capital from Shangjing to Yanjing. In order to build jinzhongdu, Yan Liang ordered Zhang Hao, Zhang Tonggu, Lu Yanlun, and others to draw a blueprint in advance, and the reference to the physical object was the Kaifeng Mansion in Tokyo during the Song Dynasty. According to Zhang Di's "Jin Yu Tu Jing" in the appendix of the "Chronicle of the Great Golden Kingdom", "Liang desires DuYan, the advance painter writes about the system of the palace of the Beijing Division, and as for the narrow and narrow repair, the number of curved paintings is given to Zhang Hao, who is on the left side, to repair it according to the map." GuanYanliang instructed Zhang Hao, who presided over the construction of zhongdu, to be "selfless" and asked him not to make assertions and to obey Yan Liang's will. Therefore, the construction of Jinzhongdu, including the urban layout, mainly reflects Yan liang's planning and conception of Jinzhongdu.
The planning of Jinzhongdu has the following four characteristics.
The first is the imperial city in the center. Yan Liang admired the Han culture of the Central Plains very much, and when the Capital was built in Zhongdu, he tried his best to emulate the Northern Song Dynasty capital Kaifeng, adopting a "Hui" glyph layout of the outer city, the imperial city, and the palace city. The imperial city of Nanjing, Liaoning, is located in the southwest corner, and when the Jin people built the Jinzhong capital, they tried their best to change this layout, so that the palace and the imperial city were centered, and the original southern, western, and eastern city walls were expanded outwards, while the northern city wall was basically unchanged (some people think that there was a slight change). After the expansion of Jinzhongdu, the east wall is roughly in the current Panjia Hutong line, the north wall is in the first line of Huicheng Gate, the southwest corner is in Fenghuangzui Village outside the Right Anmen, the southeast corner is in the four roads outside the Yongding Gate, the northeast corner is in Cuihua Street inside Xuanwu Gate, and the northwest corner is in the Yellow Pavilion west of Huicheng Gate and south of the Military Museum. According to archaeologist Yan Wenru's 1950 survey of the site of Jinzhongdu, the western city wall is nearly 4530 meters long, the southern city wall is 4750 meters, the eastern city wall is 4510 meters, and the northern city wall is 4900 meters, for a total of 18690 meters.
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Source: Fengtai, Beijing
Beijing Fengtai District Culture and Tourism Bureau