introduction
1934 was a very important year for the Red Army of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, due to the wrong command of Bogu and Li De.
As a result of the failure of the fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign, the CPC Central Committee was forced to shift its position and begin a long 25,000-mile long march.
In fact, before the Red Army moved its positions, Chiang Kai-shek came up with a top-secret "iron barrel plan" in an attempt to trap the Red Army in the base area.
However, to Chiang Kai-shek's disappointment, this watertight plan was leaked.
Bogu Reed
The Iron Barrel Program
In 1933, the Japanese army invaded Chinese territory on a large scale, and the Chinese people were about to face the disaster of war, but Chiang Kai-shek, the chairman of the Kuomintang, disregarded the security of the country and still adhered to the policy of "foreign countries must first be at home" and was determined to annihilate the Communist Party of China. Or resolutely launched the order of encirclement and suppression, immediately mobilized 1 million troops, and adopted the "fortress doctrine" style of play.
"Encircle and suppress" the revolutionary base areas of the Red Army. At that time, in the face of a huge ratio of 10:1,
The current situation in the Red Army is very urgent.
Chiang Kai-shek
In 1934, in the face of chiang kai-shek's "fortress doctrine" plan, the CENTRAL Committee of the Communist Party of China adopted the "fortress to fortress" method to deal with it, resulting in heavy casualties of the Red Army; after the Red Army was surrounded,
Inadequate supplies of food and ammunition,
The positions of the Red Army were completely passive.
When Chiang Kai-shek heard this, he was overjoyed, and when he invited the German military adviser Hans von Seckert, he held a high-level military conference in Lushan, at which he planned a top-secret "iron barrel plan" in an attempt to annihilate the Red Army in one fell swoop.
Hans von Seckert
The main contents of the "Iron Barrel Project" are:
Assembling all the kuomintang troops in the south of nearly 1.5 million people, nearly 300 aircraft, 200 cannons, with Ruijin as the ultimate goal,
According to the designated time and region, each unit carried out a centripetal attack, and the positioning was "divided into combined attacks" and "iron wall encirclement", with Ruijin as the center and the periphery of 150 kilometers as the radius, 30 barbed wire and fire blockade lines were built around the periphery, and finally the main force of the Red Army was pressed to a very small area for a decisive battle.
In order to prevent the Red Army from jumping out of the encirclement, Chiang Kai-shek ordered all troops to equip dozens of military trucks on the main roads that the Red Army might pass, so that the large troops could quickly intercept them. At the same time, Chiang Kai-shek also ordered the vanguard troops to create the same formation as the previous encirclement and suppression, and the units did not move in place, and did not order not to attack, so as to achieve the perfect sneak attack of the "Iron Barrel Plan".
Chiang Kai-shek was very satisfied with the "Iron Barrel Plan" and said with great confidence:
"The great cause of suppressing the Communist Party has done its best in this battle!"
The plan was so tight that a series of documents on military deployment, offensive routes, sequences of battles, etc. weighed several pounds.
Anti-encirclement and suppression
In order to prevent the plan from leaking, Chiang Kai-shek ordered that each plan be personally signed with the words "top secret" and the serial number was arranged, and all officers received documents according to the serial number.
However, Chiang Kai-shek never imagined that such a top-secret plan would fall into the hands of the Communist Party that night.
So how did this plan reach the Communists?
Sending intelligence through hardships
In the late autumn of 1934, on the way to Ruijin there was a ragged beggar who knew where he was going. He was carrying a wooden stick, and the smell was so foul that pedestrians who encountered him avoided him, only the insects were still around him.
Item with year
This man dressed as a beggar,
It is the intelligence staff officer in the Jiangxi Fourth District Security Headquarters of the National Government of De'an County.
So why did he pretend to be a beggar?
The "Iron Barrel Project" was very strictly arranged, but it was sent to the Communist Party on the same day, and there is also a person's credit,
It was Mo Xiong, the fourth administrative commissioner and security commander of Jiangxi at that time.
Mo Xiong was one of them at Chiang Kai-shek's high-level military conference, and after the meeting, he left Lushan with this top-secret document and returned to De'an's home to meet Xiang Andnian and others.
Mo Xiong
Xiang Henian and the others looked at this top-secret plan and fell into thought, which needed to be handed over to the Red Army Headquarters of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Ruijin side as soon as possible, but how to transmit intelligence was a very difficult problem.
Under everyone's repeated consideration, Xiang and Nian Mao introduced themselves, as an old Communist Party member, he clearly understood the importance of this plan, so he made up his mind to send the plan out. He also said to the other comrades:
"I'll go! I am the oldest and have more revolutionary experience. I was also familiar with the local mountain roads and dialects, and if there was any danger along the way, I was also good at dealing with it. ”
Ruijin
From Dean to Ruijin, there are dozens of levels on the light road, plus the terrain of the southern part is mountainous and rain forest. The difficulties and obstacles on the road are nothing for him, but hunger has become the biggest problem, and the food of Xiang and Nian cannot be effectively replenished, and he can only eat wild fruits and wild vegetables on the side of the road to fill his hunger.
Hunger made him groggy, but he kept going to his destination by his own will.
Dean
After entering the territory of Taihe County, Xiang Henian found that the soldiers standing guard were very careful in their search of everyone, and even stripped of their clothes. Forced to retreat into the grove, Xiang and Nian had to retreat into the woods, but this road was the only way to Ruijin.
Xiang Younian sat on a large stone in the forest, thought for a long time, and finally made a very important decision.
Only to see him pick up a stone on the side of the road and smash it into his cheek. Xiang Younian inhaled a cool breath, his mouth was full of blood, he spat out a mouthful of bloody spit, and one of his teeth fell out.
Xiang with the year dressed as a beggar
But Xiang Younian felt that this was not enough, so he hit his cheek with a stone again. moment
Xiang And nian's cheeks swelled up, and he couldn't see his true face at all.
Xiang Younian felt that half of his face was about to be broken, and he spat again, along with three more teeth.
At this time, Xiang Xiang's hunger for many days, coupled with the extreme headache caused by the loss of teeth, made him feel that the whole person was going to float in the air.
He endured the discomfort of his body and smeared some feces and dirt on his tattered clothes.
"What are you going to do?" The soldiers stopped him. Xiang and Nian whimpered and made a sound,
Every pull on his face would cause him severe pain.
Looking at Xiang Younian's vicious face, coupled with the stench on his body, the soldiers did not want to continue to stop him, and quickly released him.
Item and year pass level
In this way, Xiang Younian relied on his firm perseverance to find Ruijin's Red Army base area, fell near the base area, was rescued by a Red Army soldier, and successfully met Zhou Enlai, Who looked at Xiang Younian's appearance and was very moved.
After that, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made a detailed analysis of this plan, and finally decided to implement the transfer immediately.
Carry out a long march of 25,000 miles and jump out of the encirclement to get out of danger.
Chiang Kai-shek's meticulously arranged and meticulous "iron barrel plan" thus declared a failure.
Xiang Younian's sacrifice allowed 100,000 people of the Red Army to escape a catastrophe of life and death.
Jumping out of the encirclement of the blockade, he embarked on the Long March ten days in advance.
The Communist Party analyzed the plan
The leaders of the CPC Central Committee made full preparations, the Central Red Army began to collect grain and military materials in large quantities, and the main force of the Red Army set out from Ruijin.
The General Headquarters of the Red Army and its direct subordinate units form the First Field Column, and the central organ is the Second Field Column.
The Central Sub-Bureau, composed of Xiang Ying, Qu Qiubai, Chen Tanqiu, He Chang, and Chen Yi, remained in the headquarters, and set up an office of the Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic with Chen Yi as the director and Liang Baitai as the deputy director.
The Red Army and guerrillas who led the Central Red Army in the Ruijin base area persisted in fighting. The leaders of the Red Army, Pan Hannian and He Changgong, and the Guangdong warlord Chen Jitang secretly reached an agreement on the loan of the road on behalf of Yang Youmin, Huang Zhiwen, and Huang Renhuan in Gannan Province.
The Red Army began the Long March
More than ten days after the main force of the Red Army had been transferred from the Ruijin strategy, the Kuomintang troops who had received the order of the "Iron Barrel Plan" surrounded the base area of Ruijin, but to the surprise of the Kuomintang, Ruijin only had guerrillas, and the main force of the Red Army had already run hundreds of miles away.
Chen Yi
At this time,
Chiang Kai-shek of Lushan was waiting for the good news that 1.5 million troops would return and annihilate the Red Army in one fell swoop.
Only now did he know that his "iron barrel plan" had become the "broken barrel plan", and the main force of the Red Army had run far away, so angry that he was blue in the face and unable to speak for half a day.
The Long March is coming to an end
In 1936, the First, Second and Fourth Fronts of the Central Red Army met at Huining, which was a key symbol of the victory of the Long March.
The Long March is a major military miracle in human history, the CPC Central Red Army has fought more than 380 battles, captured more than 700 counties and towns, the Red Army sacrificed more than 430 cadres at or above the battalion level, and repelled the encirclement and suppression of hundreds of regiments of the Kuomintang army.
The Long March passed through 14 provinces, crossed 18 mountains, and crossed 24 major rivers, with a total distance of about 25,000 miles.
Victory in the Long March
The great victory of the Long March of the Red Army is the common result of the vast number of heroic Red Army commanders and fighters, and is a great victory under the guidance of Mao Zedong's strategic thinking.
The victory of the Long March was the key to turning the Chinese revolution from crisis to safety, and enabled the people of the whole country to have hope for the future of the revolution and the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan; the victory of the Long March preserved the key strength of the Red Army and also preserved most of the outstanding cadres; the victory of the Long March boosted the morale of the people and the army of our country, promoted the realization of the War of Resistance Against Japan, and also ensured the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan.
At the Zunyi Conference, the guiding position of Mao Zedong Thought in the whole party was established, laying a solid foundation for the CPC to better lead the Chinese people toward victory in war.