First of all, to be clear, although it is usually said that Mongolia destroyed gold, in fact, without the united Southern Song Dynasty, Mongolian gold destruction would not be so easy. An accurate description is that it was the Mongols and the Southern Song Dynasty that destroyed the Jin Dynasty.
Mongolia, the Southern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty fought for decades, and in general, mongolia rose up and wanted to replace the original overlord Jin Guo as the speaker, and the Southern Song Dynasty began to hate the Jin State from the shame of Jing Kang and chose to ally with Mongolia.
In March 1232, WoKoutai commanded the generals Su buttai and Tacha'er to lead an army of 30,000 to besiege the Jin kingdom of Nanjing kaifeng, dispatching hundreds of siege artillery, and the Jin soldiers suffered heavy casualties, and fought fiercely for 16 days and nights to barely defend the city. After the outbreak of the plague, many people died on both sides, and a truce was temporarily discussed.
In August of the same year, the Mongol army annihilated more than 100,000 elite Jin soldiers near Zhengzhou. At this point, the main force of the Jin army was almost lost, and the surviving Jin State had no fresh force to replenish, and the annihilation of the country had become a foreseeable fact.
Emperor Jin Aizong, who was then emperor, saw that Nanjing was exhausted and could not hold on, so he had to lead the few remaining henchmen to Return to Dezhou, Bozhou and other places, and finally reachEdai Prefecture, which is now Runan, Henan.
Perhaps out of secrecy, Emperor Jin fled without the empress dowager and concubines, making them all Mongol captives. What happened to the Northern Song royal family in the Jin Dynasty, they also encountered it in Mongolia, which was quite tragic. I have to say that history is like a reincarnation.
Seeing this, some friends may want to ask, didn't Jinguo originate in the northeast region? Why not run back to the white mountains and black waters of your hometown, but instead run to Henan, the traditional settlement of the Han people? The reason is very simple, not that I don't want to go back, but I can't go back, and my hometown has long been lost!
Let's first clarify the relationship between Mongolia and the Golden State. During the prosperous period of the Jin Dynasty established by the Jurchens, the Mongol tribes, like the Tribes of the Liao State remnants such as the Khitans, were subordinates of the Jin Kingdom.
Geographically, the Mongolian steppe and the northeast of the base camp of the Golden State were originally bordered, and if Mongolia wanted to develop and grow south, it must take the northeast. The Khitans are also nomadic peoples in the northeast, and the scope of activities of the three ethnic groups overlaps.
To put it bluntly, the northeast is the common big cake of Mongolia, Jurchen and Khitans, and whoever rises up, who occupies.
Due to the long-term cruel policy of the Jin Dynasty, not only the Han people and the Southern Song Dynasty in the jurisdiction hated the Jin State, but also the Mongols and Khitans hated it to the bone, always thinking of getting rid of the oppression of the Jin State. In the case of the Mongols, in order to prevent the Mongol tribes from growing up, the Jin Dynasty had to go deep into the grasslands every once in a while to kill herders along the way at will, which was a cruel policy of "reducing ding".
In this context, Temujin came out of nowhere, and after unifying the Mongol tribes with an iron fist and establishing the Great Mongolian State, he formed a Mongolian cavalry that was good at field warfare and long-range raids, which was frightening.
Genghis Khan's first target was the Golden State. However, because the Jin State was still relatively powerful at that time, he did not directly launch a war to destroy the country, but made many preparations, gradually swallowing the territory of the Jin State and weakening the vassal forces of the Jin State, such as the Western Xia.
In 1210, Genghis Khan broke off diplomatic relations with the Jin Dynasty, and in 1211 launched the Mongol-Jin War, defeating the main force of the Jin Kingdom with 100,000 Mongol troops at Wild Fox Ridge and hitting the Capital of the Jin Kingdom, which is now Beijing.
Although the Jin Kingdom has five capitals, the most important thing is undoubtedly Zhongdu, which is where the Jin Emperor is located. Although it was defended, the Jin dynasty still developed a deep fear of the Mongol army.
The mongol general Tetsubetsu led the way to conquer the Jin dynasty's Tokyo, that is, Liaoyang, Liaoning, and returned to the division after burning and looting for a month.
In 1212, Genghis Khan sent troops to besiege the Jin Dynasty's Xijing Datong Province, annihilating hundreds of thousands of reinforcements with the strategy of encircling points and fighting for reinforcements. It was only when Genghis Khan was wounded during the siege that he was not allowed to order the Mongol cavalry to withdraw.
In the same year, the Khitan Yelü Liuge, who was already dissatisfied with the Jin State, rebelled against Jin Fumeng in the northeast and defeated the Jin soldiers near Changtu in Liaoning, and the Jin State lost another place.
In 1213, Genghis Khan once again launched a major war against the Jin Dynasty, personally leading the main force to fight with the Jin army in the Huailai and Jinshan areas, defeating more than 100,000 people under the marshals of the Jin Kingdom, Yan Gang, and Gao Qi, the Shuhu, and taking advantage of the victory to reach the north entrance of Juyongguan. Then he sent troops to take the trail and attacked the southern entrance of Juyong Pass, and the north and south attacks successfully took Juyong Pass, forming a siege in the center.
The reigning Jin Xuanzong was mediocre and scared half to death, offering gold, horses, and princesses of the Kingdom of Qi, begging for peace, and Genghis Khan thought it would be difficult to overthrow the Kingdom of Jin for a while, and accepted the terms of peace.
After the Mongol army retreated, Emperor Xuanzong of Jin ignored the objections of his ministers and moved the capital to Kaifeng in Nanjing in 1214, and only ordered the prince to guard the capital. This caused great panic among the military and people in Hebei, and rebellions broke out. A major event also occurred in this year, the Jin Xuan Sect sent the general Puxian Wannu to suppress the rebellious Yelü Liuge, but was defeated, Puxian Wannu did not dare to go back, and simply raised troops to occupy Liaoning Kaiyuan, Shenzhou, southeastern Liaoning, Shangjing Huining Province and other places.
In 1215, the Mongols, citing The relocation of the capital by Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, accused the Jin state of defaulting and again led an army to capture Zhongdu. By this time, the Mongols had occupied the entire Hebei region.
As for the northeast, it had long been divided between the Mongols, Yelü Liuge, and Puxian Wannu. However, a few years later, Yelü Liugo and Pushan Wannu submitted to the Mongols, which meant that the northeast was also owned by the Mongols.
Since in 1215, the Jin Dynasty could not defeat the Mongols, why didn't the Mongols take the opportunity to destroy the Jin Kingdom?
First, because the hundred-footed worm was dead and not stiff, and the Jin Kingdom still had resistance, and second, because the Expansion of mongolia was not only towards the Central Plains of China, Genghis Khan went west to the Crimean Peninsula in Europe.
After reading the above content, you will find that when the Jin Dynasty was not yet destroyed, the northeast had already fallen into the hands of the Mongols, and it was self-casting nets to go back. Of course, the Jin magnates could not return to the northeast through the Mongol-controlled areas.