One day in July 1939, the Village of Bo'ai, located near Chongqing's South Hot Spring, seemed to be full of festive atmosphere, and signs such as "Welcome Japanese Brothers" were posted on both sides of the gate of the Zhou family compound in the village.
It was part of the Second Prisoner of War Shelter of the Military and Political Department of the Nationalist Government, and was also the first japanese prisoner of war welcomed by Bo'ai Village.
Since the Battle of Wuhan,
As more and more Japanese prisoners were captured, the Nationalist Military and Political Department officially established two prisoner shelters.
The First Prisoner of War Shelter was set up in Xi'an, mainly to house some Japanese soldiers who had been captured in North China;
The second prisoner of war was set up in Zhenyuan and Chongqing, Guizhou, and mainly hosted Japanese soldiers captured in south and east China.
The Second Prisoner of War Detention Center was first established at Yanguan in Changde, Hunan Province, and was often bombed by Japanese aircraft due to its proximity to the front line. Therefore, in March 1939, it was relocated to Zhenyuan, Guizhou, and soon after, a branch office was set up in Chongqing, and the shelter in Zhenyuan became a "peace village", and the shelter in Chongqing was called "Bo'ai Village".
At this time, the Third Department of the Political Department of the Military Commission of the Nationalist Government had been moved to Chongqing, and the Japanese national Lu Dige decided to establish a plan to establish the headquarters of the Anti-War Alliance, so he chose to start in Bo'ai Village.
The director of the shelter in Bo'ai Village is Zou Renzhi, director of the Second Prisoner of War Shelter of the Ministry of Military Affairs, and the chief administrator, Shen Qiyu, is responsible for the daily management.
Shen Qiyu is a famous writer and translator in modern China, because he studied in Japan in his early years, he was sent to the Prisoner of War Shelter in Bo'ai Village to do the ideological work of Japanese prisoners of war.
Deer on the ground
While working in the shelter,
Shen Qiyu wrote a reportage, "The Restoration of Human Nature", in which he recorded in detail the scene when the Japanese prisoners of war were just sent over:
"The beards on their faces, growing like weeds, each squatted shirtless and sat down. However, the appearance of the downfall does not mean that they have laid down their inner weapons. ”
After conducting a thorough investigation of the Japanese prisoners of war, Shen Qiyu found that most of the prisoners of war did not have international common sense. So he came up with a bold idea, that is
"In Fraternity Village, prison-style management is not adopted, but school-style discipline is used"
。
Every morning, the trumpets of Japanese prisoners getting up to do exercises are heard on time. After breakfast, they also have to study, including "Explanation of Current Affairs", "History of the Development of Capitalism in Japan", "Introduction to Social Sciences" and other courses.
In addition, Shen Qiyu also took out several boxes of Japanese books in his collection and distributed them to the Japanese prisoners. Gradually, their mental outlook was greatly changed.
Japanese prisoners of war
In September 1939, on the eve of the Battle of Guinan, Lu Di received a telegram from Bai Chongxi, asking him to return to Guilin urgently and form the southwest branch of the anti-war alliance.
Before leaving, Lu Di specially selected two Japanese prisoners of war from The Village of Bo'ai to serve as officers for the preparation of the headquarters of the Anti-War Alliance. It was this hasty decision that caused a big trouble.
As soon as Lu Di left the village of Bo'ai, something strange happened, and the prisoners of war lay lazily in bed, not doing exercises, not studying. What makes everyone feel even more panicked is that the Village of Bo'ai has come out
"When the headquarters of the Anti-War Alliance is established, it will kill people"
remarks.
After some investigation, Shen Qiyu finally learned the truth of the matter from a Japanese prisoner of war, and it turned out that the problem came from Kaoru Mifune, one of the officers appointed by Shikachi before leaving.
Kaoru Mifune was one of the first Japanese prisoners of war to be sent to the Second Prisoners' Shelter in the village of Hiroai, and his purpose in joining the Anti-War Alliance was to improve his status. Therefore, as soon as he took office, he privately instigated other prisoners not to attend classes in order to establish his image as a leader.
Not only that, Mifune Kaoru often fought with other Japanese prisoners of war, and even made up
"When the headquarters of the Anti-War Alliance is formed, it is necessary to kill the prisoners"
rumors to coerce everyone into obeying his orders.
At the end of the year, Kaoru Mifune secretly got drunk, and when a kind clerk helped him back to the house, he threw his fist and knocked the clerk to the ground. Kaoru Mifune himself was a prisoner, and dared to attack the management of the shelter, which alarmed the entire village of Hiroai at once.
As soon as the wine passed, Kaoru Mifune began to get scared, and he immediately wrote a two-page review and ran to Shen Qiyu's office to turn himself in. Shen Qiyu said to him:
"We don't have to talk about any punishment, but I see that you've been in a very bad state of mind lately, haven't you?"
Mr. and Mrs. Sachiko Ikeda (Chongqing, 1939)
The two men chatted in the office for a long time, and Shen Qiyu enlightened Kaoru Mifune and said:
"Deer land will come back sooner or later, and now that the headquarters of the Anti-War Alliance has not yet been officially established, you still have a chance." If you continue to be wrong, you will completely lose the possibility of participating in anti-war work. ”
Although many people have suggested that Mifune Kaoru be dealt with seriously, Shen Qiyu still insists on giving him another chance. After this incident, Kaoru Mifune was indeed a lot more honest and diligent in her work.
In January 1940, after the Kuomintang army won a great victory at Kunlun Pass, Lu Diqi returned to Chongqing again, and after learning the truth of the matter, dismissed Mifune Kaoru from his post as an officer.
At the same time, Lu Di frequently organized meetings in the village of Bo'ai and talked with Japanese prisoners of war one by one. The effort paid off, and he eventually gained the support of most of the captives, and the anti-war fervor of bo'ai village was once again ignited.
Battle of Kunlun Pass
By this time, the headquarters of the anti-war alliance that Lu Di had carefully planned was not far from the official establishment.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Japanese Kwantung Army established the Manchurian Film and Painting Association in China, and successively filmed films such as "The Spring of the Founding of the People's Republic" and "Night of China" to cover up its crimes of aggression. Chinese filmmakers also began to tit-for-tat, putting forward the slogan of "one inch of film is equal to one particle bomb", and the Chinese Film Studio, which belongs to the Third Hall of the Political Department of the National Government, launched films such as "Eight Hundred Heroes" and "Protecting The Hometown" to boost the morale of the War of Resistance.
At the beginning of the year, He Feiguang, the director of the Chinese film studio, came to Bo'ai Village, where he lived with Japanese prisoners of war for 38 days and filmed the film "Light of East Asia".
The filming of the film "Light of East Asia" was strongly supported by Zou Renzhi, director of the Second Prisoner of War Shelter, and the film mainly described the daily transformation of prisoners of war, which could well promote the establishment of anti-war alliances.
What a light
When Shen Qiyu came to audition with Japanese prisoners of war, he also brought Kaoru Mifune with him and successfully selected him as the male protagonist of the film, director He Feiguang said in surprise:
"This guy is very good at acting!"
On February 8, 1940, the first day of the Lunar New Year, during the filming of the film, a clip made everyone's heart mention the throat eye.
On this day, the streets of Chongqing were full of people who donated money for the War of Resistance, and in order to film the real scene of this scene, He Feiguang decided to match the Japanese prisoner of war actors with guns and walk in front of the crowd. Although there was no bullet inside the gun, the bayonet in front of the gun was real and would also cause harm to the crowd on the street.
Fortunately, these Japanese prisoners of war did not have any problems when filming the film.
However, the filming of the movie "East Asian Light" has attracted the attention of the Japanese military, which has always declared to the outside world:
"The Japanese army did not have soldiers who were captured by the Chinese army."
Poster of Light of East Asia
At the same time, the Japanese also sent planes to bomb the filming site, resulting in the destruction of the studio and part of the camera equipment of "East Asian Light", and the death of two staff members. It wasn't until new equipment arrived that the film was able to continue shooting.
Kaoru Mifune, who regained her trust, is very talented in acting, and also provides many good suggestions for filming. Just as the film was being filmed in an orderly manner, Kaoru Mifune, who was the protagonist, suddenly died before.
After examination, Kaoru Mifune died of a throat disease, and his death was very strange, because his body was very normal before. In the end, in desperation, the filming crew could only find a stand-in to continue filming, who was also a Japanese prisoner of war and similar in appearance to Kaoru Mifune.
On New Year's Day 1941, the "Light of East Asia" movie was finally screened on the screen. The Japanese prisoners of war who participated in the filming also came to the Cathay Grand Theater to give a speech, which exposed the Japanese army's claim of "no prisoners of war" lie, and the anti-war alliance also received more attention from the outside world. When a Japanese officer saw the film, he became furious and pulled out a knife to smash the screen directly.
During the filming of the movie "Light of East Asia", the Japanese army launched a retaliatory attack on the Kuomintang troops in Kunlun Pass, and six front-line team members of the southwest branch of the anti-war alliance were surrounded by Japanese troops and had to be divided into two groups to break through.
The first group consisted of Katsuo Sakurai, Minami Anda, and Masao Sasaki, who threw away their badges and hat badges so as not to expose their targets. In the harsh winter season, there is a shortage of clothing and food, and they dare not ask the Chinese people for help. Fortunately, they encountered Chinese troops on their way to Liuzhou and were rescued.
The other group of three did not have such good luck, Matsuyama Wasio was shot in the leg during the breakout, and Seiji Kakegawa and Kunio Oyama carried him on a stretcher to continue the breakout. When they arrived in Shanglin County, Guangxi, they encountered a frenzied strafing of Japanese aircraft and were all killed.
The sacrifices of the three martyrs of the Anti-War Alliance also brought unexpected gains, and Shikachi wrote in his memoirs:
The martyrdom of the three martyrs expanded the influence of the southwest branch of the anti-war alliance and also opened up the situation in which the chongqing headquarters of the anti-war alliance was stagnant. At the same time, the influence of the anti-war alliance was not limited to the national unification area. ”
Jin-Cha-Ji branch of the Anti-War Alliance
Regarding the situation of the southwest branch of the anti-war alliance, Lu Di and Feng Naichao made a detailed report to Zhou Enlai, and the Yan'an side established the Yan'an branch of the anti-war alliance on July 7, 1940.
On March 29, 1940, the Chongqing Anti-War League Headquarters Preparatory Committee was approved for establishment, and the 16 selected members of the Japanese prisoners of war officially got rid of their prisoner status and became members of the Anti-War League. Shen Qiyu excitedly wrote in the article:
"On this day, the laijiaqiao village under the jingang slope is also full of a foreign joy, and we are going to marry our daughter again."
However, the preparations for the headquarters of the Anti-War Alliance were restricted by He Yingqin, and Lu Dijian was able to suspend various performance activities for members of the Anti-War Alliance.
Under these circumstances, Guo Moruo, then director of the Third Department of the Political Department of the Military Commission of the National Government, arranged for the staff of the Southwest Branch of the Anti-War Alliance and the Preparatory Committee of the Chongqing Headquarters to wait for the opportunity in Chongqing in the name of "concentrating on rectification and study." After all, with the huge public opinion influence of the sacrifice of the three martyrs of Kunlun Guan, the establishment of the Chongqing headquarters of the anti-war alliance has almost become a foregone conclusion.
On 20 July, the headquarters of the "Japanese People's Anti-War Revolutionary Alliance Association in China" was finally formally established, and the auditorium of the Political Department of the Laijiaqiao Military Committee in Chongqing was crowded with people, Guo Moruo, director of the Third Department, Feng Naichao, section chief, and Lao She, representatives of the Propaganda Department of the Kuomintang Central Committee and director of the All-China Literary and Art Circles Anti-Enemy Association, and others came to congratulate them one after another.
At the inaugural meeting of the headquarters of the Anti-War League, the program and constitution of the League were adopted, and everyone unanimously elected Kakuji as the president of the headquarters of the Anti-War League, and at the same time edited and published the anti-war league's publication "Struggle for truth".
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