If we want to analyze the relationship between Liao and Later Jin during the time of Emperor Taizong of Liao, we must be in touch with the current situation at that time, taking Shi Jingyao's life experience as the starting point.
In this way, we can sort out the changes in the relationship between Emperor Taizong of Liao and Emperor Gaozu of Jin and Emperor Chu of Jin.
Emperor Jingyao of jin was originally a powerful general under Emperor Mingzong of Later Tang, Li Siyuan, and later became Emperor Mingzong's son-in-law.
After emperor Mingzong's death, Shi Jingyao served as an envoy to Hedong Jiedu, guarding Taiyuan and defending against the Liao invasion. In the struggle for the throne between Shi Jingyao and Li Congke, the adopted son of Emperor Mingzong Li Siyuan, he seized the throne with the help of Emperor Taizong of Liao's military assistance and established the Later Jin Dynasty.
Shi Jingyao ceded the Sixteen Prefectures of Yanyun to the Liao Dynasty, and declared himself a vassal to the Liao, paying the old coins,
Therefore, in the eyes of the people at that time, he could be called a sinner of the ages.
Shi Jingyao asked for help from Liao
The last emperor Li Congke had always distrusted the high-ranking and powerful Shi Jingyao and wanted to get rid of it so as to avoid future troubles. In July of the eleventh year of liao tianxian (936), the last emperor ordered Shi Jingyao to move to other feudal towns to weaken his power.
Shi Jingyao, who had long harbored a rebellious heart, contacted the Khitan and refused to carry out the edict of the last emperor and plotted a rebellion. The last emperor sent the general Zhang Jingda and others to personally lead more than 500,000 soldiers and horses to besiege Taiyuan, and When Shi Jingyao faced the menacing Later Tang army,
Unable to resist, he was besieged in Taiyuan.
Under the very critical situation on the battlefield, Shi Jingyao had to ask Emperor Taizong of Liao to send troops to relieve the siege of Taiyuan, which was a helpless move. “
Emperor Wen Khitan Xu Shi Jingyao went to the aid of Zhongqiu, and repeatedly supervised Zhang Jingda to attack Jinyang in a hurry, but he could not go down."
According to historical records: "Xin Wei, Zhang Jingda, thirty teams of cavalry and 3,000 infantry in the thief city rushed to the city, Gao Xingzhou attacked and killed into the trenches, drowned most of them, and captured more than 100 people under An Xiaoxi, and 180 horses."
It can be seen from this that the military strength of Shi Jingyao at that time could not completely resist the attack of the Later Tang army.
In this critical situation, Shi Jingyao thought of asking the Liao Dynasty for help.
South to aid Jin
In September of the eleventh year of Liao Tianxian (936), Emperor Taizong of Liao personally led an army south to rescue Shi Jingyao, first conquering Yanmen, Taiyuan, Xinzhou and other places, all the way to the ground, and then taking advantage of the situation to defeat the Tang army.
Later Tang Youzhou Jiedu sent Zhao Dejun to send emissaries to see Emperor Taizong of Liao, "wanting to rely on the Khitan to take China" .
In leap month, Later Tang Youzhou Jiedu made Zhao Yanshou, the son of Zhao Dejun, forward all the gifts given by Emperor Taizong of Liao to the last emperor, arguing that Zhao Dejun sent a letter to Liao in order to persuade Emperor Taizong of Liao to bring troops back to China and make peace with Tang.
The purpose was to confuse the last emperor and buy time for him to win over Emperor Taizong of Liao. Later Tang Youzhou Jiedu sent Zhao Dejun to a letter to Emperor Taizong of Liao: "If you establish yourself as emperor, please see the soldiers in luoyang, and make the Khitan a country of brothers; still allow the Shi clan to be in Hedong."
At this time, Emperor Taizong of Liao had led an army deep into the territory of Later Tang, and the siege of Taiyuan had not yet been lifted.
Later, the Tang army circled around again.
Emperor Taizong of Liao, fearing that Zhao Dejun would lead an army to cut off the Liao army's way back to the north, wanted to grant his request. When Shi Jingyao learned of this news, he panicked and quickly sent Sang Weihan to the Liao Dynasty to woo Emperor Taizong of Liao, "Please do things with your father, and on the day of the appointment, cut off Lu Long and the states north of Yanmen Pass." ”
Emperor Taizong of Liao received this news and was very happy,
The emissary to Zhao Dejun said that what he had promised would not be changed.
In fact, when Shi Jingyao first asked the Liao Dynasty for help, he was not mentally prepared to cede Yanyun Sixteen Prefectures, but only because of Lu Longjie's intervention of Zhao Dejun.
Whether Liao reinforcements will arrive as scheduled is uncertain
In addition, the situation in Jinyang at that time was already very critical, and if it dragged on any longer, I was afraid that my army would not be able to resist the attack, so I could only make up my mind to increase the weight and cede youyun Sixteen Prefectures.
And Emperor Taizong of Liao finally chose to support Shi Jingyao between Zhao Dejun and Shi Jingyao.
It is nothing more than that Shi Jingyao paid a greater price and put forward more tempting conditions.
After the Liao army went south to help Shi Jingyao relieve the siege of Taiyuan, in order to express his gratitude, Shi Jingyao asked to see Emperor Taizong of Liao that night, and Emperor Taizong of Liao admired Shi Jingyao.
He shook his hand and said, "Hate the late day of seeing each other."
Shi Jingyao asked eagerly, "The emperor is far away, the horses are tired, and the battle between The Emperor and Tang is victorious, why not?" Emperor Taizong of Liao said, "In the beginning I said that Tang would cut off the roads of the Yanmen Gate, and that the ambush would be dangerous and could not be advanced." To make people look at nothing, it is to drive straight in. I am sharp in my strength, and I will win by taking advantage of this blow."
After that, the Taiyuan defenders and the Liao Dynasty army together surrounded the Later Tang army, and the two sides sent elite troops to guard the key points to block the reinforcements of the Later Tang army and surround and annihilate them.
At this time, after the Late Tang Emperor Li Congke received the news of rescue, he urgently ordered Zhao Dejun's father and son to lead his men and horses into Tuanbai Valley, and also ordered Wei Bo jiedu to have Fan Yanguang lead his men and horses into Liaozhou.
Li Congke personally led 30,000 troops to the river bridge, in a vain attempt to open a passage with Zhang Jingda's army.
However, the Later Tang army was in turmoil and could not win the battle for a long time, and the various armies of the Later Tang Did not make progress, "Initially besieging Jin'an, dispatching elite troops to guard its key points, and cutting off the road of reinforcements." Zhao Yanshou and others could not stay. In November of the eleventh year of Liao Tianxian (936), Emperor Taizong of Liao held a meeting with Shi Jingyao in the Liao army camp and said to Shi Jingyao, "Guan Ru is majestic and magnificent, and it is advisable to accept the land of Zenan, and the world is my vassal." ”
In the same month, Emperor Taizong of Liao held a ceremony in Jinyang for Shi Jingyao, and named Shi Jingyao the Emperor of the Jin Dynasty.
At this time, the Later Tang army had been besieged by the Liao army for several months, and morale was low, and the Later Tang generals Gao Xingzhou and Fu Yanqing led the army to break through many times, all of which ended in failure.
Later, the Tang army fell into a dangerous situation of running out of grain and killing horses to fill the hunger. The lack of materials also caused the internal contradictions of the army to surge, and after Zhang Jingda was beheaded by his generals, the Later Tang army surrendered to the Liao army. Later Tang's various reinforcements saw Zhang Jingda's army defeated,
Escape overnight
。 Emperor Taizong of Liao ordered the Liao army to pursue at full speed, and later Tang Youzhou Jiedu caused Zhao Dejun and other armies to rout and flee.
At the Battle of Jin'anZhai, the Liao army won a great battle and obtained abundant materials
"When the Jin Dynasty an Zhai ma yu nearly 5,000, armored 50,000, the Khitan to take and return to their country, the Tang general to the emperor."
Lead the army to the north
In December of the eleventh year of Liao Tianxian (936), the Liao army was stationed in Luzhou, and Emperor Taizong of Liao summoned the generals to discuss the next strategy, and the generals asked The master to return to China, which Wasu Taizong of Liao adopted.
Here, we can't help but ask, since the Liao army defeated the Later Tang
, occupying a large area of its territory, so why not incorporate it into the territory of the Liao Dynasty, but instead hand over this large area of land to the Later Jin?
An important reason is that the Central Plains are too hot and not suitable for the Khitans to live. Of course, the most fundamental reason was that the Liao Dynasty ruling clique believed that the fields in the Central Plains were barren, the population was sharply reduced, and the people's livelihood was poor.
As a nomadic people, the customs and habits of the Khitan were far from those of the Central Plains, and the Han people were not necessarily subordinate to the management of the Liao Dynasty. Therefore, it was a fool's best to hand over this land to the Later Jin dynasty and collect supplies from the Later Jin.
Shi Jingyao understood Emperor Taizong's intentions and took the initiative to call him a tribute, which made Emperor Taizong of Liao very satisfied.
He and Shi Jingyao "held hands about father and son", and in order to express concern, he not only took off his own sable skin clothes and gave them to Shi Jingyao, but also gave him twenty good horses and 1,200 war horses to enrich Shi Jingyao's military strength.
Due to Emperor Taizong's military activities to aid the Jin Dynasty, the Liao Dynasty realized its ambition to occupy Youyun Sixteen Prefectures, and Shi Jingyao was able to establish a state with the military assistance of the Liao army. However, Emperor Taizong of Liao's ambition to occupy youyun sixteen states,
It was not Shi Shi who initiated it, but Shi Jingyao's request for help provided an opportunity for Liao Taizong to succeed.
From the failure of Emperor Taizong of Liao to rescue Wang Du in the third year of Tianxian to the successful aid of Hou Jin in the eleventh year, although there were tactical adjustments, Emperor Taizong of Liao was always preparing to occupy Youyun Sixteen Prefectures militarily.
According to the "History of Liao", in April of the eleventh year of Liao Tianxian, "the restoration of the Yan people, the affairs of Chen Bian Prefecture", but from it we can glimpse that Emperor Taizong of Liao was concerned about the changes in the situation in the Central Plains.
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