Songkuo Peak is an extremely ordinary hill in western North Korea, which is located south of the Vale River in North Korea and about 1 km north of Yonggen-ri, forming a three-legged trend with Samso-ri and Yonggen-ri. Its main peak is 288.7 meters high, and from the top of the mountain, it extends about 100 meters east to a long road, along which it can lead directly to Pyongyang. Songbone Peak is the throat point on the road from Junyu-ri to Pyongyang.
Before that, none of us knew it existed, nor did we care about its existence, and when we knew it, it was because of a story. On April 11, 1951, a man named Wei Wei
The writer returned from the Korean battlefield and published the story in the People's Daily, and from this, we learned that there is a place in North Korea called
Song Bone Peak, there are a group of the most lovely people on Song Bone Peak, and those soldiers who fought bloody battles on the Korean battlefield are our most lovely people.
Therefore, to this day, we still cannot forget Songkufeng, we cannot forget the story of the blood and flesh on the position of Songkuofeng on November 30, 1950, and we cannot forget the deadly fight between Chinese soldiers and American soldiers there.
1. The volunteer army lured the enemy deeper.
On November 6, 1950, he was a five-star general in the United States and the commander-in-chief of the "United Nations Army"
Douglas M.
MacArthur's "United Nations Forces" launched a tentative attack north of the Cheongcheon River, while the U.S. Air Force conducted an "air campaign" on the area controlled by the Chinese and North Korean forces south of the Yalu River and blew up the Yalu River Bridge.
From MacArthur's way of attacking with his head down and his head shrunken, Chairman Mao of the CPC Central Committee and Peng Dehuai, commander of the Volunteer Army, both determined that MacArthur did not know how many people in the Chinese government had entered the Korean battlefield, or that for MacArthur, who was a weapons-only theorist, he just knew and did not feel any danger, and what he needed was to find the Chinese army in the dense mountains and forests of North Korea and destroy it.
On November 13, 1950, the headquarters of the Chinese Volunteer Army held an enlarged meeting of the party committee in Dayudong to study and deploy the second campaign, and according to the so-called "pincer offensive" of the "United Nations Army", it was decided to take advantage of the arrogant psychology of the US army to deliberately show weakness and expand the illusion of the enemy, lure it to the battlefield familiar to the volunteer army, and give it an unexpected blow. In light of the offensive posture of the "United Nations Army," it put forward the principle of "recruiting the enemy's deep men on both the eastern and western fronts in order to crush the attempts of the United States and the hypocrisy to commit repeat crimes, annihilate their flanks and all the way, and then violently expand the results of the battle."
At the meeting, Peng Dehuai said: "MacArthur's ultimate strategic intention is to let Edward Mallory Almond of the US 10th Army advance west from Chosin Lake, let the 8th Army Walton Walker be attacked by the cheongcheon River north, and finally form a pocket in Wuping, south of the river boundary, put our People's Volunteer Army and the Korean People's Army into this pocket to annihilate, eliminate the main force of our army, and then advance to the Sino-DPRK border, and occupy all of Korea before the Yalu River is frozen." He's delusional! Peng Dehuai sneered and said, "Isn't the enemy going to have a pincer attack?" It's so good! We lured him into the arranged pockets and broke them all. If the enemy does not come, we will fight out. In short, this year we must fight another battle, eliminate six or seven of his regiments, and push the battlefield to the Pyongyang and Wonsan areas so that our army can hold a counteroffensive in the future. ”
Although the second campaign of the place to be launched determined the strategic policy of enticing the enemy to go deeper, how to make the arrogant MacArthur automatically take the bait was a matter of important consideration. Therefore, commander Peng Dehuai, in addition to ordering Liang Xingchu, commander of the 38th Army, to send the 335th Regiment of the 112th Division to block the enemy on the Qingchuan River and cover the rapid disappearance of the various corps of the Volunteer Army into the deep mountains and dense forests, he also carried out a series of camouflage operations, such as making some small troops pretend that they could not defeat the US troops, while fighting and retreating, and also deliberately discarded some worn-out weapons and equipment along the way, creating a panicked plot, and even specially released some US prisoners with the consent of the Central Military Commission and Chairman Mao. He also told them in a vipassable way, "The aircraft artillery of the US army is too powerful, and we are not enough people to blow up, so it is important to hurry back to China and escape for their lives."
The volunteers' operation to lure the enemy was a tribute to U.S. President Harry W. Bush. S. Truman, U.S. Secretary of State Acheson, Secretary of Defense George Cartlit Marshall, Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman Bradley and other senior U.S. officials caused a great illusion, they almost unanimously believed that the greatest possibility of China's troops is symbolic, it may be to deal with North Korea, the combat troops involved in the war are really limited, about 1 division or so, its combat effectiveness is only at the battalion level, so they were frightened by a bombing by the US army and fled back to the country, so they celebrated it. MacArthur's plan to attack was agreed upon; Matthew Bunker Ridgway, the "hindsight" who later succeeded MacArthur as commander of the United Nations Army, who had been commissioned by President Truman to travel to Tokyo, Japan, to find out what was going on, also supported MacArthur.
MacArthur was naturally very excited, a 70-year-old man, when he was about to retire, he could still complete this major "historical mission" and draw a perfect end to his life, which was a proud thing, and even President Truman had to say sourly that this period would shine with the aura of brilliant victory.
Therefore, in order to achieve this goal, he even concealed the intelligence director of the US Far East Command, Charles Willoughby, that Chinese troops had entered Korea in large quantities, and also held a press conference to disclose his offensive plan, claiming to end the Korean War before Christmas.
When Peng Dehuai, Deng Hua, Han Xianchu, Xie Fang, and other Chinese volunteer generals heard the news, they all laughed, this MacArthur was too crazy, and even casually disclosed all his military plans.
At this time, the "United Nations Army" and the South Korean Army increased their front-line strength to more than 200,000 people, including 7 divisions of the US Army, 6 divisions of the South Korean Army, 2 brigades of the British Army, and 1 brigade of the Turkish Army, supported by about 1,600 combat aircraft and 1,200 tanks, supported by Lieutenant General Walton Walker of the US 8th Army and Major General Edward Almond of the US 10th Army.
2. The 335th Regiment of the main force of the 38th Army could not be found.
Just when MacArthur was full of ambition and the United States, including President Truman, was excited, Lieutenant General Walker, the commander of the 8th Army, smelled an ominous smell, and he felt that MacArthur was deceiving himself, and the truth may not be as optimistic as he said, and he vaguely felt that the Chinese army had crouched like a tiger in a certain position and stared at itself, and once he ventured in, he was immediately swallowed up and became a piece of meat in the tiger's mouth.
So, in defiance of General MacArthur's orders, he moved slowly forward.
This move of the 8th Army can make General Manager Peng anxious, and when will the marching footsteps like this be surrounded? Could it be that Fan Tian'en's brave resistance at Flying Tiger Mountain frightened him? Thinking of this, Peng Dehuai ordered that the 335th Regiment immediately retreat!
Originally, the 335th Regiment of the 112th Division of the 38th Army of the Chinese Volunteer Army was originally ordered by Liang Xingchu, commander of the 38th Army, to rush to Feihu Mountain to block the fleeing "United Nations Army" troops, but unexpectedly, because the fighter plane had been lost, the Volunteer Army immediately ended the first battle and began to deploy the second battle, so Fan Tianen of the 335th Regiment was again ordered to become a surprise force to cover the retreat of all units of the Volunteer Army and block the enemy's attack.
However, the 335th Regiment was really too powerful, and under the leadership of Fan Tian'en, it stubbornly blocked the "United Nations Army" advancing northward at Feihu Mountain, and used a regiment to deal with the South Korean pseudo-7th Division and the US army, and actually fought for 5 days and 5 nights, so that the enemy was stuck in the Flying Tiger Mountain, that is, it was impossible to move forward.
In this battle, even the Japanese sighed:
Fan Tien,who served as regimental commander in 1950, led his troops to participate in the Korean War, commanding a regiment with only light weapons to penetrate the rear of the allied 9th Army, seize Flying Tiger Mountain, and threaten the supply depot of the 9th Army. After being counterattacked by the 7th Division of the Allied South Korean Army and the 5th Regiment of the 2nd Division of the US Army, it held out for five days and nights, and became famous.
”
On November 8, 1950, the 335th Regiment, which had successfully completed its mission, received the order to retreat, and at this moment, they did not know that Shiji had launched a second campaign, so in the face of the positions that had sacrificed countless comrades and fought with their lives, they were really reluctant to give up, and the soldiers did not understand. However, the military orders were like mountains, and even if they were reluctant, they had to retreat, and they almost left the Position of Flying Tiger Mountain with tears in their eyes.
Before leaving, Fan Tian'en deliberately attacked the enemy in a big way, and then quietly withdrew from the position at night. However, the enemy did not know it, thinking that there were still people on this position, and the next day, a large number of aircraft were sent to bomb the position in turn, and then, the enemy's infantry strafed all the way up the hill, and they were pleasantly surprised to find that there was no one on the position, and the Chinese troops who wanted their lives had retreated.
The news reached General MacArthur, who told the generals in Washington with a fluttering eyebrow, "Look, this is the Chinese army, and in the face of great strength, they are not an invincible force."
Faced with the friction of the 8th Army, MacArthur was very annoyed, and on the same day he flew from Tokyo to the 8th Army headquarters along the Cheongcheon River. It was a cold day, but it was sunny, and he covered his head with his coat, then crouched down and jokingly patted one of his German dogs, and then, pretending to listen to lieutenant general Walker and the other officers, he told General Walker sincerely and even with some request: "I have made a guarantee to the wives and mothers of the lads of the 24th Division, and the boys will return home at Christmas, and you must not let me be a liar."
Jack
Act, rush to the Yalu River, and I will let you go. ”
By this time, Lieutenant General Walker had to pick up the pace of the 8th Army, but even then, Walker told his subordinates
General Church of the U.S. 24th Division,"
As soon as you smell The Chinese fried noodles, retreat immediately
Afterwards, U.S. Secretary of Defense Gen. George Marshall said the move was "
It's like taking out the military job
”。
The US 8th Army finally took its steps and slowly advanced towards the encirclement of the volunteer army, but the 335th Regiment of the 112th Division, which was responsible for the blockade, could not find its own 38th Army, and the radio station in contact with the division was broken. When the main force of the 38th Army had begun to attack the Tokugawa enemy, Fan Tian'en was still blocking a northward advancing American army at Huaping Station, more than 100 kilometers away from Tokugawa, and the only order he received was that if you had an enemy in front of you, then fight.
Later, when the 335th Regiment reached a place called Xinxingli, a staff officer of the 40th Army came over and said, This is our position, and you will return to our camp to rest and we will take over the battle.
However, such a result was not what Fan Tianen wanted, and here in the 40th Army, when will it be able to catch the battle? After he heard that the 38th Army was in Tokugawa, he immediately led all the officers and men of the 335th Regiment to advance lightly and rush towards Tokugawa.
3, Yang Dayi said: "The Heavenly Soldier Heaven is coming!" ”
Without a guide, relying on a map and a compass, Fan Tian'en led the 335th Regiment to cross the mountains and mountains in the cold and frozen, marching hard and targeting The Tokugawa.
After walking for two nights, when the soldiers of the 335th Regiment could not move in a small mountain village more than ten kilometers away from Tokugawa, Fan Tianen asked the soldiers to rest on the spot and arranged for a staff officer to lead people to reconnoiter the main position of the 38th Army.
Soon, the staff officer who had gone out to reconnoiter returned, and it turned out that the battle in Tokugawa had ended, and the main force of the 38th Army was marching towards Summer Ridge. Fan Tian'en immediately ordered the whole regiment to continue to pursue. Arriving near Summer Ridge, the 335th Regiment finally encountered the main force of the 38th Army that had just laid siege to Star Ridge, and after getting a radio station from a U.S. car lying on the road, Fan Tianen shook the phone of the 112th Division. At this time, Yang Dayi, commander of the 112th Division, just received an order from the commander Liang Xingchu to immediately occupy Songkuo Peak, and when there were no soldiers to adjust, Fan Tianen's phone came, Yang Dayi was happy and broken, and shouted on the phone: "Your boy is really a heavenly soldier and a heavenly general!" When I needed people, you came. Now give you a task, straight into the Pine Bone Peak, firmly nailed there, blocking the road for the American troops to flee south. "
At dawn on November 30, 1950, Fan Tianen, who had received the order, led the 335th Regiment, despite fatigue, all the way back to the Shutang Station to deploy troops, gather and annihilate the enemy army, buy time for the large troops to encircle, and at the same time ordered the 1st Battalion to seize Songkuo Peak.
At 6:30, the 3rd Company, as the vanguard of the 1st Battalion, after defeating an enemy detachment, climbed to the Pine Bone Peak, and before it could build the fortifications, a large number of enemies of the US 2nd Division had already swarmed, and at a glance, on the road at the foot of the mountain, the enemy cars, tanks and infantry were pressed in black, and they could not see their heads, at this time, the 8th squad at the forefront was less than 20 meters away from the US vanguard.
Under the order of company commander Dai Ruyi, Yang Wenming, a machine gunner of the 8th Squad, opened fire first, and the enemy car was hit and set on fire, and the US troops fell to the ground. Platoon leader Wang Jianhou led five soldiers to rush onto the road, the bazooka shooter approached to shoot at the tank, the grenade flew to the car at the same time, the demolition team of the 5th class hit the enemy tank, the car and tank blocked the road at once, and the American soldiers on the car also turned around and ran in fright.
However, the U.S. military immediately reacted, in order to retreat south alive, it must open the passage of Songbone Peak, and one of the worst battles in the Korean War began.
At this time, the 1st and 2nd companies of the 1st Battalion also rushed to Songkuo Peak, and cooperated with 3 companies of fighters on the left and right flanks to block the enemy in the frontal position, so the three companies stubbornly held Songkuo Peak.
With the passage of time, the US army became more and more anxious, and attracted hundreds of planes to bombard the Songkuofeng position indiscriminately; at the same time, tanks, artillery, and various shells kept firing at the positions of the three companies, almost ploughing the Songkuofeng positions like ploughs several times, and the longest time was even 50 minutes of continuous bombardment, but when they howled and charged upwards again, the heroic volunteer soldiers suddenly appeared on the positions again and fired fiercely at the enemy. “
Are they gods? Only God is immortal!
The American soldiers lamented that in their eyes, the Volunteers were an awesome presence.
Later, commander of the US 2nd Division
Dudge
Major General Kaiser recalled that when he walked to the middle of the soldiers on the road, there were the corpses of American soldiers and Turkish soldiers on the ground, and the living soldiers were one by one dejected and full of black ash, they were frightened by the Chinese army, either lying on the ground or walking around in a daze, or did not dare to charge again, and when he inadvertently stepped on a corpse, the corpse suddenly sat up and cursed a dirty word to himself.
At 13:00 p.m., as the fighters of the 1st Company and the 2nd Company were sent out to pursue the fleeing 4 enemy artillery vehicles, only the fighters of the 3 companies on the Songkuofeng position were stubbornly holding out. On the position, shells, petrol bombs, and incendiary bombs turned the entire position into a sea of fire, and there was a burst of fire everywhere, and the fifth charge of the US army began when the fire on the position was the most fierce, and they divided into two roads, attacking the 2 and 3 platoons at the same time.
At 13:00 p.m., less than half of the 3 companies that held the Pine Bone Peak were left, and the last moment of the 3 companies arrived. The platoon leader died, the squad leader took the initiative to act, the squad leader sacrificed, the soldiers took the initiative to take over, the cooks and messengers also participated in the battle, and the company commander Dai Ruyi and the instructor Yang Shaocheng had burned all the documents and their own notebooks, vowing to coexist and die with the position. At noon, the company commander Dai Ruyi was unfortunately shot and killed, deputy company commander Yang Wenhai was also wounded in many places, still continued to fight with the enemy, instructor Yang Shaocheng picked up the bayonet on the ground and rushed to the enemy, was held by an American army from behind, he quickly took out a grenade, slammed his head, and six or seven enemies surrounded him, he immediately pulled the grenade and died with the enemy. The battlefield was white-hot, and the volunteer soldiers used the shell craters as cover to engage in fierce hand-to-hand combat with the enemy, and when they had no bullets, they held the enemy and wrestled, with their fists and teeth, until they thought it should be over, they pulled the grenades on their bodies.
Wei Wei's living martyr Hu Chuanjiu
The fifth charge of the American army finally failed, and only 7 soldiers were left on the position, and the position was still in the hands of the 3rd Company. The hero's 3 companies, with the strength of 100 people, without any fortifications, relied on a small dirt bag to block the enemy of the US 2nd Division for more than 10 hours, repelled five us troops' charges, and bought precious time for the large troops to encircle.
4. Long live the 38th Army!
At dusk on this day, Fan Daen's 335th Regiment counterattacked, the whole regiment attacked, and the Chinese troops who surrounded and annihilated the American army in all directions also began the final attack. Under the reflection of the dusk and sunset, between the military corner, Fengmingli, and Longyuanli, the besieged American troops were cut into small strands, and they were chased and killed by the Chinese soldiers who pressed up from all sides, and the American pilots who tried to rescue looked at the mixed American soldiers and repeated a sentence at a loss: "It's over, they're finished!" "
Yang Yonghui, deputy of the 38th Army, ascended to the highest point of the command post, and he saw a scene that would still be thrilling to any commander who had experienced hundreds of battles: I stood on a high place, looking south, the cold moon and cold stars reflected in the battlefield, bursts of explosions and thunder tore through the sky, and "rumbled, rumbled" continuously. On the tens of kilometers of the front, strings of tracer bombs, flares, and signal flares intertwined and flew in the air, and the screams of artillery shells, the muffled explosions emitted by grenades, explosive janes, and explosive packs echoed endlessly in the canyon. The fierce battle between the enemy and us along the highway was a majestic and magnificent scene that I had never seen in decades. The enemy's abandoned artillery, tanks, armored vehicles, and cars of all sizes stretched endlessly, and there was no head in sight, and there were scattered documents, papers, photographs, shells, AMERICAN flags, puppet "bagua flags" and other military materials.
This scene was later painted in an oil painting.
On December 24, 1950, the second campaign of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea ended in victory, the volunteer army triumphantly advanced to the 38th Line, and the Chinese People's Volunteer Army dealt a heavy blow to the "United Nations Army" led by the US army, annihilating 36,000 enemy troops.
Among them, there are more than 24,000 US troops,
Most of the main forces of the US 2nd Division, the US 25th Division, and the South Korean Pseudo-1st Division were annihilated by the volunteer army, and what frightened the US army the most was that Lieutenant General Walker, commander of the US 8th Army, collided with the car of the south Korean army on the way back in defeat and died on the spot, becoming the most senior officer who died on the Korean battlefield. The Associated Press and the United Press commented that this was the biggest defeat in the history of the United States, the darkest years, and the members of the US Senate and the House of Representatives denounced MacArthur as the stupidest commander and the worst fool in the history of the United States.
MacArthur was disgraced, "coming home before Christmas" became the biggest joke in the world, and MacArthur himself went from arrogance to depression and fear
“
The dog-tailed grass on the hillside of North Korea was trembling
。
After the battle of Songkuofeng, when the battalion commander Wang Suqi led the soldiers to collect the remains of the martyrs, the writer named Wei Wei and Yang Dayi, the commander of the 112th Division, walked to the position of the three companies together. The remains of the martyrs took on various postures, some holding the enemy's waist; some holding the enemy's head; some pinching the enemy's neck; some fell into the fire with the enemy; and another warrior, clutching a grenade in his hand, the body of the projectile was stained with brain plasma, and he and the enemy's brain plasma burst and smeared on the ground. The tragic scene made everyone cry.
The Volunteer Army Command awarded the 3rd Company of the 335th Regiment a pennant with "both offensive and defensive" for collective special merit, and the 38th Army awarded the company the title of "Heroic Unit". When General Peng Dehuai saw the fierce battle report of the Battle of Songkuofeng, he shed tears for the bravery of the soldiers, for this group of outstanding young soldiers, and with tears in his eyes he wrote a commendation order to the 38th Army, and when this commendation order was about to be issued, he suddenly felt unfinished, and wanted to pass the commendation order, writing on it:
Long live the Chinese People's Volunteer Army! Long live the Thirty-eighth Army!
Since then, the reputation of the 38th Army's "Long Live Army" has spread throughout the country.
After Wei Wei returned from the battlefield of Songbone Peak, he could not calm down for a long time, he could not stop the tide of feelings, and wrote an article "Who is the most lovely person" with tears, revealing the real life of the volunteer soldiers in the Korean War to the public's vision, and from then on, our soldiers, our soldiers, have a more affectionate name."
Loveliest people
”！
Since then, Songbone Peak has also become the "spiritual highland" for generations of officers and soldiers, who have built an indestructible red defense line for our great motherland with their flesh and blood, and used the "enigmatic oriental spirit" to block the enemy's "steel giant beast".