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How much influence can a family have on the situation?
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Yuan clan of Runan proved with practical actions the terrible influence of a tycoon in a chaotic world. It is no exaggeration to say that from the beginning of the chaotic era to Cao Cao's unification of the north (Thirteen years of Jian'an), the Central Plains situation was deeply influenced by Yuan.
As mentioned above: Because Dong Zhuo picked the "peach" of the Shi clan, the Yuan brothers launched the Guandong Qunxiong, forcing Dong Zhuo to move the capital to Chang'an and cede the Central Plains. Dong Zhuo's retreat eventually caused Yuan Shao and Yuan Shu's brothers to tear their faces. One is the eldest son, highly respected by the scholars, and wants to advance into the north; one is the youngest son, who has been debauched since childhood, and intends to compete with Shao. Therefore, in the following years, the dispute between the two Yuans was once the main theme on the battlefield of the Central Plains, and even the slightly farther Jingzhou was inevitably affected by it.
Jingzhou Mu Liu Biao's "left and right Fengyuan" under the dispute between Dong Zhuo and Eryuan is a good proof of this.
One
Picked up the history of Jingzhou thorns
Most of the men in the Kanto region are blind, and the only one who can bring greater threat to Dong Zhuo is Sun Jian. In this regard, Dong Zhuo himself admitted that he was not only quite jealous of Sun Jian's existence (see the "Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms and Sun Jian" quoted in the "Records of the Duke of Shanyang"), but also listed it as one of the major problems in his heart: "But killing Eryuan, Liu Biao, and Sun Jian, the world obeys the lonely ear." ”
However, Dong did not expect at this time that the "pit" he had dug for Sun Jian before directly led to several years of disputes between Eryuan, Liu Biao, and Sun Jian. And this "pit" is Dong Zhuo's appointment of Liu Biao's Jingzhou Assassin History.
According to the "Later Han Shu Liu Biao Lie Biography", "In the first year of the Chuping Dynasty, Changsha Taishou Sun Jian killed Wang Rui of Jingzhou Thorn History, and the edict used the table as the History of Jingzhou Thorn. At that time, the Jiangnan Sect thief Dasheng, and Yuan Shu blocked the army tun Luyang, and the table could not be obtained. ”
In the first year of Chuping (190), it was the time when Dong Zhuo arbitrarily decided the imperial program. Then, it is self-evident who played Liu Biao as the new Jingzhou Assassin. However, this brought great trouble to Sun Jian in the future. If this were not the case, Sun Jian would not have been tired of counterattacking Jingzhou and would have died in the end.
It should be noted that Sun Jian had already commanded the three counties of Changsha, Lingling, and Guiyang before he went north, and after he successively solved the Jingzhou assassin Wang Rui and the Nanyang Taishou Zhang consultation, he would basically control most of Jingzhou. Although after he left, there were thieves in Xiangyang and other places, but for Sun Jian's strong combat strength, this was not a big problem. It is foreseeable that as long as Sun Jian assisted Yuan Shu in clearing the Jianghuai area, their control of Jingzhou would be like probing for things. However, dong Zhuo issued this edict in the name of the imperial court, but directly copied Sun Jian's Jingzhou old lair.
Why?
Liu Biao was well educated and famous, and in the past years he was one of the "Eight Juns" and the backbone of the party, and was deeply supported and respected by the scholars. Obviously, Liu Biao was more popular with the Jingzhou clan than Sun Jian. He later entered Jingzhou and quickly gained a foothold with the help of the Ku and Cai clans, which confirmed this.
Note 1: Sun Jian's "Shishi Wudi" is suspected to be a wu person's praise, as Chen Shouyun "covered (probably) after Sun Wu" also. Both the Book of Song and the Taiping Imperial Records cite the Youming Lu (幽明錄) that Sun Jianzu "planted melons for his business" and was an authentic melon farmer. Judging from the performance of the Sun clan who are debauched and unscrupulous, good at hunting pheasants, and do not establish a temple, and do not understand Confucian etiquette, they are indeed more like a cold door.
Back to the point. Since Liu Biao would grab territory when he entered Jingzhou, Yuan Shu and Liu Biao naturally would not easily let him enter Jingzhou. In the Book of later Han cited above, it is recorded that Yuan Shu blocked Liu Biao at Luyang Tunbing. That being the case, how did Liu Biao, who was alone, break through Yuan Shu's "blockade line" and successfully enter Jingzhou?
Two
Brief collaboration with Yuan Shu
The reason is actually very simple, Yuan Shu "released water".
In other words, the reason why Liu Biao was able to calmly break through Yuan Shu's defense line was not the so-called "anonymous stealth", but that he and Yuan Shu had briefly reached a cooperative relationship.
According to the Later Han Shu Yuan Shu Lie Biography, "Liu Biao Shangshu was the Taishou of Nanyang, and the shu also took the title of Yuzhou Assassin, so that he could lead Jing and Yu zhi to break Dong Zhuo's Yuyang people." ”
Yuan Shu was played as Nanyang Taishou, which was of great benefit to his next actions. You must know that the essence of the battle against Dong is actually the private behavior of various princes; when they first started their army, they only responded to the edict of The Eastern Commandery Taishou Qiao mao.
At that time, although the Han Room was in decline, Yu Wei was still there, and it was deeply recognized by the people and local tyrants. The Eastern Han Dynasty "emphasized the name and the festival and lightly lived and died", and the name was very useful even in the chaotic era at the end of the Han Dynasty. This is also the cleverness of Cao Cao's "ordering the Son of Heaven not to be subordinate". Not only him, but also the other princes, it was also very important to have a "legitimate" official status.
Yuan Shu led Nanyang Taishou, which was equivalent to "washing white" to go ashore; of course, after Yuan Shu landed, he did not forget to "fish" his number one general, Sun Jian. At first, Sun Jian committed a great taboo by killing the imperial court officials (Wang Rui and Zhang Zhi) without authorization, but after Yuan Shu's performance, he became the Assassin of Yuzhou and also successfully "washed white" ashore. From the biographies of Sun Jian and Yuan Shu, it is not difficult to see that Sun Jian has later been recognized by Runan, Yingchuan and other places (in Yuzhou).
Yes, Liu Biao's move of Yuan Shu as Nanyang Taishou, although seemingly inconspicuous, is the key to the legalization of the Yuan Shu Group. On the other hand, if Yuan Shu was really bent on blocking Liu Biao and preventing him from entering Jingzhou, how could Liu Biao give Yuan Shu such a "big gift"?
However, the "honeymoon period" between Liu Biao and Yuan Shu did not last long. On the one hand, the ownership of Jingzhou has become the focus of contention between Liu Yuan and Sun's three families, and it is inevitable that the three parties will have a disagreement over this; on the other hand, it also has a lot to do with Liu Biao's political tendencies. This Qingliu celebrity, whom Guo Jia called a "panelist", never intended to mix more with the disputes in the Central Plains.
Three
The inaction of the panelists
Liu Biao's appointment as the Assassin of Jingzhou was regarded as an improper source. Wang Fuzhi pointed out in the "Reading Through the Commentary": "Liu Biao's collection of Jingzhou is also, Zhuo's fate is also, everyone is begging for Zhuo but the table is not obeyed, and the table has a sin that can be repaid." Dong Zhuo was in disarray, and all the princes of all walks of life were in unison, but Liu Biao never moved. So, is he loyal to Dong Zhuo?
Apparently not. In the more than ten years that Liu Biao was in charge of Jingzhou, he was both left and right, and he was flattered by both ends; he also did not help each other and sat and watched the success or failure of others.
According to the "Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms and Dong Zhuo's Biography", "Li Dai and Guo Feng entered Chang'an and wanted to help with the table, but they used the table as the general of Zhennan and Jingzhou Mu, and they were made Marquis of Wu, and they were false festivals. Throughout the Jian'an period, Liu Biao not only maintained close contact with the "small imperial court" in Chang'an, led by the Liangzhou military generals, but also reached an alliance with Yuan Cao. However, although Liu Biao met the source left and right, there were few substantive military actions.
Looking at the middle plains again, due to Yuan Shu's eye for Jingzhou, Liu Biao turned to an alliance with Yuan Shao, which once caused the phenomenon of "two Yuan dividing the Central Plains".
At that time, there were two major military alliances in the Central Plains: Yuan Shao of Jizhou, Cao Cao of Yanzhou, Zang Hong of Qingzhou (who was the "moderator" of the Kwantung Alliance when the blood was an alliance) and Liu Biao of Jingzhou were allies, while Yuan Shu of Huainan, Tao Qian of Xuzhou, Gongsun Zhan of Youzhou, and Zhang Yan of the Black Mountain Army were another military alliance against them.
Note 2: According to the Later Han Shu Yuan Shu Lie Biography, "Shao Yi wanted to establish Liu Yu as emperor, and he was good at indulging, and he was afraid to establish a long king, and he refused to agree with him with righteousness, and this controversy was completed." It was the support of various diplomatic parties, plotting against Gongsun Zhan, and Shao Lian Liu Biao. According to the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms and Emperor Wu, "In the third year of Chuping, Yuan Shu and Shao had a gap. Shu asked for help from Gongsun Zhan , who made Liu Beitun Gao Tang , Shan Jing Tun Plain , Tao Qian Tun Hair Dry , in order to force Shao. Taizu and Shao will strike, and both will be broken. ”
It is in this context that Liu Biao was able to sit in Jingzhou as he wished and perform the act of "doing nothing". Although nominally, Liu Biao was an ally of Yuan Cao, because of Jingzhou's unique geographical location, he was lucky enough to avoid disputes in the Central Plains.
The two Yuans fought each other and became rivals to each other, and Sun Jian and Zhang Ji, the only ones who had the strength to attack Jingzhou, were also exiled to this place; after Yuan Cao won, Liu Biao was once again spared from the disputes of the times because he befriended Yuan Shao and Cao Cao at the same time.
Note 3: According to the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms and the Biography of Liu Biao, "The Son of Heaven is xu, and although the table sends envoys to contribute, ranbei and Yuan Shao were allied." ”
It can be said that this is the luck and indisputable of the discussant Liu Biao; but if we look at it from another angle, Jingzhou has been stable for more than ten years, and Liu Biao has been a "self-defending thief", how can it not be a helpless move under the pattern of "two Yuan disputes"?
References: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Reading Through the Treatise
The image comes from the Internet
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