The leader of the Chinese War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression – Chiang Kai-shek
When I recently studied the Compilation of Archives of the History of the Republic of China compiled by the Second Historical Archives of China, I found a submission to Chiang Kai-shek by ordinary people who identified themselves as Yao Bin (not excluding the possibility of pseudonyms) reporting to Chiang Kai-shek about Yoshiko Kawashima's pseudo-organization in Tianjin. After preliminary verification and the content of the article, the author Yao Bin is likely to be an ordinary citizen of Tianjin or a low-level member of the Kuomintang. Although there are many errors and omissions in this article, there is limited information about Yoshiko Kawashima's formation of a pseudo-organization. However, it shows that at that time, the people or low-level personnel in North China were already deeply aware of the threat of Japan's "North China Autonomy Movement", actively supported Chiang Kai-shek and the Kuomintang to lead the anti-Japanese resistance, and spontaneously detected and exposed Japanese false intelligence, which had certain research value. It also supplements the documentary history of the intervention of the puppet Manchu organization led by Yoshiko Kawashima in the "North China Autonomy Movement".
The text is specially compiled into a text for the convenience of all historians to understand. The historical background is added before the text, and the analysis of historical materials is set at the end of the text, () for the explanation of historical materials and the correction of errors. Sources of Historical Sources: Compilation of Archives of the History of the Republic of China, Vol. 5, No. 1 Diplomacy (II), pp. 848-850, Jiangsu Ancient Books Publishing House, May 1994, 1st Edition.
Welcome to reprint! Please indicate the source of the article: History of the War of Resistance
Chiang Kai-shek took a group photo with Song Zheyuan, Zhang Zizhong and others
First, the historical background
In May 1928, Chiang Kai-shek led his troops to the Northern Expedition; humiliated in Jinan, on the one hand, with the consent of the Kuomintang top brass and Feng Yuxiang, Yan Xishan and other local powerful factions, he temporarily adopted a policy of compromise with Japan. On the other hand, the Kuomintang Central Army stopped moving north and instead supported Yan Xishan, and Feng Yuxiang ended the Northern Expedition and controlled North China. But soon Feng, Yan, and Li Bai (Gui) refused to be reorganized, triggering the Central Plains War. In 1930, Feng Yuxiang and Yan Xishan were defeated, and Jiang Gai supported Zhang Xueliang to rule North China.
After the Great Wall War of Resistance in 1933, Zhang Xiaye. Forced to sign the humiliating Tanggu Agreement, Japan began to carry out the so-called "North China Autonomy Movement" in an attempt to purge the Kuomintang forces from North China. In June 1935, Japan instructed Bai Jianwu to launch a rebellion in an attempt to occupy Peiping and establish a pro-Japanese "autonomous government". Song Zheyuan, who was now living in Tianjin, took advantage of the chaos and led the 29th Army into Beiping, stabilizing the situation in Pingjin and undermining the Japanese plan to occupy Peiping. Soon Song Zheyuan took charge of North China with Chiang Kai-shek's consent, before the July 7 Incident in 1937; Song basically obeyed Chiang Kai-shek's orders, and although there were many compromises with Japan, he basically maintained the sovereignty of North China.
In addition, as early as 1932, the Japanese government had planned to support Zhang Zuoxiang, Zhang Zongchang to form a puppet government, and the main traitors he supported were Zhang Jingyao, Shi Yousan, Bai Jianwu, Li Shouxin, Li Shouchun, Hao Peng, and so on. But Zhang Zuoxiang always refused to be co-opted by Japan, and Zhang Zongchang was assassinated in 1932. On May 7, 1933, Chiang Kai-shek ordered Dai Kasa to send agents to assassinate Zhang Jingyao. In 1935, the Bai Jianwu Rebellion failed. All this dealt a major blow to the "North China Autonomy Movement" promoted by the Japanese government.
Yoshiko Kawashima's real name is Ai Shin Kyora. Xianxuan, for the Qing Dynasty and Shuo Su Prince Ai Xin Jueluo. The fourteenth daughter of Shan Qi. On January 18, 1932, she planned and executed the "Sanyou Industrial Society" incident, which became the fuse of the 128 Shanghai Incident. After the Rehe Incident in 1933, Kawashima formed the Cavalry Regiment of the Nationalist Army and declared himself the commander-in-chief of the Nationalist Army. In the same year, he was also named the commander-in-chief of the puppet Manchukuo army. In 1945, before the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the official Ju Shaozuo.
Japanese secret agent, traitor - Yoshiko Kawashima
2. Original historical materials
President Jiang Junzao: It was published in the newspaper, xin listened to the good news, so the national difficulties were urgent, and he did not hesitate to work hard, presided over the affairs of the court, straightened out internal affairs, achieved revolution, coordinated the national strength in the central authorities, negotiated the common people, comprehensively absorbed the flow of the masses in unification, led to gambling, and enjoyed the pleasure. Bin mediocre youth, blind and ignorant. However, the pain of the country is heavy, and the nation is not glorious.
Since the September 18 Incident, we have seen that the state affairs have become more and more healthy, so that our public will be loyal to the country and the people, and we will do whatever it takes. Then the people's livelihood is more comforting, especially relying on the leader's guidance. Under the principle of unity, to go through difficulties together is to sacrifice for the country at all costs. North China is a dangerous place, and Beiping is an important place. In order to eliminate the remnants of the warlords, our father has consolidated the defense of the forest and relieved the suffering of the people in the north, and the town has important people. Japanese imperialism, on the other hand, does not know how to advance or retreat, can chase after me without hesitation, and does not hesitate to risk the world's great disobedience and shamelessly act recklessly. Our government has worked hard and deplored the people. However, since Chairman He and the Third Xian Regiment (referring to He Yingqin, in March 1933, the 3rd Gendarmerie Regiment entered Beiping), the area around Pingjin was miasma and could not be witnessed. The public moves of Japanese imperialism and the dangerous plots of betrayal of the country are everywhere. In order to ensure the integrity of the national territory and the sound division of sovereignty, the world will not tolerate it. North China is in turmoil and corruption under the supervision of external forces, and our public is now rectifying its internal affairs and has its own great national policy. And with the pure national qualifications, let the sacrifice be made for the country, but small and incompetent, not helpful, but willing to be honest and honest, to explore secret information, to submit on time, not afraid to hesitate, to be completely true as the principle. Detailed reports will be made at any time on the actions and organizations of the pseudo-central organizations in the Northeast, as well as on the actions and organizations of traitors in the military and political organs of various provinces, cities, and counties, as well as temporary changes. As for the Pingjin area of North China, the old warlords, who are still plotting and mutating, who have suddenly changed their loyalty to local officials, who will show something, or who will use the power of outsiders to organize secret groups and work harmful to the country, or reactionary organizers, as well as the will of the people, etc., will try their best to explore and collect the report of the times, so as to fulfill the responsibility of the people and whisper the favor of the leader. The pen is overwhelmed with trepidation. Solemnly present. Please, Chong'an. All the more.
Min Yao Bin hereby submits it on December 19
Beiping East and West Archway Fresh Hutong No. 18
Attached as a secret document
For the purpose of reporting: According to the Japanese explorer Yoshiko Kawashima (Kawashima's Japanese nationality is disputed, after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he asked his "adoptive father" Kawashima Nanasu to provide information proving his Japanese nationality. However, Kawashima Wrote back that his certificate of Japanese citizenship burned in the Great Kanto Earthquake and could not prove that he was Japanese (Kawashima deliberately disassociated himself from him)), also known as Kim Bihui as the sister of the Japanese Emperor, a general in the Japanese Army, and a general in the pseudo-Manchu Ding'an Army (corrected because of Jin Bihui). After the Rehe Incident, he formed the Cavalry Regiment of the Nationalist Army and appointed himself commander-in-chief of the Nationalist Army. In 1933, he was also named commander-in-chief of the Manchukuo Security Army. No kinship with the Emperor of Japan, after the victory of the Japanese army, the officer Ju Shaosa, not a general), arrived in Tianjin on the 24th of last month by Pingshen, lived at No. 27 Shishan Street in the Japanese Concession, privately organized the North China Autonomous Committee, and coordinated with Guo Xipeng, the former commander of the 4th Cavalry Division (a general of the Northeast Army, who was transferred to the 3rd Cavalry Division of the Cavalry Army in August 1935. Participating in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, there is no evidence of his surrender to Japan), the former director of the material factory of the IronClad Brigade, that is, Zhang Quanben, the leader of the Fengtai Rebellion, the former backward warlords hong Weiguo and Ma Jincheng in the northeast, will follow in the footsteps of Yin And expand the splittist means of organizing the people and harming the country, that is, the so-called declaration of the autonomy of North China, and hold the inaugural meeting on the 9th of this month, hold an inaugural meeting at 12 o'clock on the evening of the 16th, announce the organizations of various parts, and issue seals, flags, etc., and disperse at 4 o'clock in the evening.
It is reported that the thieves and others will take over the cities and counties separately before the New Year, with the assistance of the Japanese army. First of all, preparing to take over Tianjin, there are security captains, detachment leaders, etc. in the Tianjin Public Security Bureau, all of whom have been co-opted, colluded, and all their families have also moved to the building of Shishan Jiekou (sic- the author's note) in the Japanese Concession, and the current office location is at No. 27 Shishan Street, and a small number of them are secretly operating in the Zhongxi Nationalities Pavilion on Shishan Street.
It was also probed that the banner of the pseudo-organization was the Yellow Earth Double Dragon, with a red sun and a cloud on it.
The personnel of the pseudo-organization were also probed, and the report was as follows:
Yoshiko Kawashima, commander-in-chief of the North China People's Self-Defense Army, Guan Qinglin , deputy commander (former vice chairman of the Rehe Finance Committee), Zhang Zhizhong, chairman of the General Senate, Zhao Shichen, general staff, Xia Changcun, secretary general, Pan Guozhi, deputy chief of the Ordnance Department, Wang Xinru, director of the Ordnance Department, Jin Xingsan, director of the Military Xing Division, Chen Shaoshun, Zhang Ziqi, Hong Weiguo, Guo Xipeng, Jianhou Shijianhou, Wang Xiaofang, and Li Suchen.
Zhang Quanben, commander-in-chief of the First Army (i.e., the supreme commander of military activities in Peiping).
Liu Yucai, commander of the Beiping Special Forces (Faku, Liaoning, former commander of the Rehe Infantry Brigade).
Zhang Kun, commander of the Second Army (also the captain of the Sichuan Island Guard, commanded the Tianjin military).
Guo Xipeng, commander of the Tianjin Special Forces.
The first commander of the road, Makin City.
The commander of the second road, Xie Yaonan, and the deputy commander, Feng Jincai.
The commander of the first detachment, Yang Qingyun, the commander of the second detachment, Yang Yuting, the commander of the third detachment, Hu Guodong, the commander of the third detachment, Sun Tiansheng, the commander of the fourth detachment, Wang Jianzhong, the commander of the fifth detachment, Zhao Xungong, the commander of the sixth detachment, and Wang Qinglian, the commander of the seventh detachment.
It was also discovered that the thief had made all-out efforts to organize himself, gradually became ready, actively prepared to occupy Northern China, and declared independence as its aim. Therefore, before the actual work, the announcement and the steps are slightly planned, and the proclamation is hereby recorded as follows:
For the sake of the proclamation: According to the purpose of our army to save the people and defend the people, the military of justice and self-government. The people of the five provinces of North China have all resolutely risen up to be the vanguard of autonomy and the vanguard of their own armies. As far as the wind can see, it is a matter of time to sweep away the ugly. The commander of the First Kou Road Army of the Koukou Army is hereby dispatched to command the whole army, occupy Kou (Kou is the original text - the author's note) County on the KouYuekou Day, organize the organs of self-government of the whole county, temporarily maintain the military and civilian governments, and lift the harsh punishment of the former government at any time and anywhere, and the period of service and the beginning of the people, thus opening the dawn of the first line for the country and the nation. All of our people, each of them, rose up and worked hard at any time to cooperate, annihilate the enemy at an early date, and lay the foundation for a new state. He also hopes that all the inhabitants will live and work in peace and contentment, and that they will not believe in rumors, disturb themselves, and never make false statements to sway the people's hearts. The officers and men of our own army shall not use the excuse to stir up trouble and shall have duties and duties. Otherwise, where the military law is, the criminal law is intolerable. To this end, the military and civilians are well informed. This cloth. The mouth of the First Route Army (sic - the author's note).
It is also found that the personnel of the puppet Manchukuo organization are only partially and completely recorded in the Palace House:
Shen Ruilin, special minister of the Imperial Household (Zi Yan, 62 years old, from Wuxing County, Zhejiang);
Special person Yangtze River Guanyi;
Waiting for the chief guard, Kudo Tadashi, Jian Ren;
Secretary General Fu Yue (Zi Zhiqing, 60 years old, from Hubei Province), concurrently served as the second grade; Liu Jiesan (40 years old, from Kaiyuan, Liaoning) concurrently held the third rank.
Xu Baoheng, Director of General Affairs (Zi Jixiang, 50 years old, from Hangxian County, Zhejiang Province), Jian Yiyi; Yue Yanpu, chief of the Manager Section (Zi Shaobo, 30 years old, Mongolian blue flag), recommended six; Sun Yao, chief of the Clerical Section (Zi Youming, aged 47), recommended six; Zhang Zhongqin, chief of the Enzhi Section (Zi Bohui, 48 years old, from Wanping County, Hebei), recommended seven; Xu Bao, chief of the Qu Gurudwara Section (zi Yuxiang, 55 years old, from Hangxian County, Zhejiang), recommended six;
Shang Yanhao, director of the Internal Affairs Department (Zi Danshi, 66 years old, from Panyu County, Guangdong), Jian Yi; Chen Maojiong ( 44 years old, from Minhou County, Fujian Province) who needs to be used as section chief; Li Zhongkai, chief of the Property Section (Zi Jienan, 49 years old, from Tieling, Liaoning), recommended six; Wu Shaoxiang, chief of the Yingyi Section (54 years old, from Beizhen County, Liaoning), recommended seven;
Tong Jixu, Chief of the Security Department (Zi Kai Xian, 52 years old, Manchurian Yellow Banner man), Jian Yi;
Zhang Yunkai (Zi Xiuchang, 60 years old, from Fengrun County, Hebei), Jian Er; Zhang Ge (Zi Bo Nong, 34 years old, from Yuci County, Shanxi Province), minus six; Cai Faping, chief of the communication section (Zi Liangyuan, 53 years old, from Minhou County, Fujian), minus three;
Chen Zengshou (Zi Renke, 58 years old, Hubei), Jian Er, chief of the Animal Sex Affairs Section, Liu Qingbo (Zi SiBo, 50 years old, from Chengcheng County, Southwest Jiangxi), Recommended Five; Zhao Jingqi (Zi Shi Min, Mongolian), Chief of the Lingmiao Section;
Lin Tingchen, director of the Accounting Review Bureau (Zi Xian, 56 years old, from Minhou County, Fujian), Jian Er; And Li Jiagan, censor ( Zi Fu Qi, 47 years old, from Jiujiang, Jiangxi), recommended five;
Attendant Physician Xu Enyun (Zi Yueji, 57 years old, from Wujin County, Jiangsu), Jian Er; Tong Chenghai (Zi Runquan, 48 years old, from Hebei Province), recommended Liu.
Thereafter, all the information will be collected and reported on a timely basis
Yao Bin December 19
Archives of the Executive Yuan of the National Government
Third, the analysis of historical materials
Most of the text of the submission is Yao Bin expressing his reverence for Chiang Kai-shek and supporting his leadership in resisting Japan. Through his "Bin Yong Yong Youth, Blind and Ignorant", "Bin with Pure Mediocrity national qualifications" and the payment "Min Yao Bin Jingcheng", it is inferred that Yao Bin should be a general citizen of Tianjin or a low-level member of the Kuomintang, but why he can find out why Kawashima Yoshiko formed a pseudo-organization and the list of main members, the historical data have not recorded or explained, it is worth noting that the use of the word "according to the detective" in the attached secret documents does not exclude that Yao Bin is the insider of the pseudo-organization, or even a peripheral personnel. In addition, there is much anger in the main text about He Yingqin and the three regiments of gendarmes entering The ownership of Peiping, which should be related to the signing of the "He Mei Agreement" by He. This shows that Yao is not clear about the Nationalist government's policy toward Japan, and also corroborates the inferences of his ordinary people or the bottom of the Kuomintang.
In the most important secret annex, Yoshiko Kawashima is first mistaken, referring to her as the sister of the Japanese Emperor and a general in the Japanese Army. Before the actual victory of the War of Resistance, Kawashima's highest rank in the Japanese army was Shōsa. The so-called admiral should refer to the commander-in-chief of the Manchurian Nationalist Army. Later, on November 24, 1935, Chuandao arrived in Tianjin. On December 16, Guo Xipeng, commander of the 3rd Cavalry Division of the Northeast Army, was instigated to set up a pseudo-organization "Commander-in-Chief of the North China People's Self-Defense Army". And set up an organizational banner "yellow land double dragon, there is a red sun and a round of clouds", with obvious pseudo-Manchu government colors. The list of members of its organization is mostly of the Northeast Army or pseudo-Manchu pseudo-Rehe figures, and it should be the pseudo-Manchu pseudo-Rehe forces headed by Yoshiko Kawashima, in an attempt to contact the Northeast Army and the pro-Japanese personnel in the Northwest Army to form a split North China pseudo-organization. But the level is not high, like the highest level of the Northeast Army Cavalry Army 3rd Division commander, the so-called "Tianjin Special Forces Commander" Guo Xipeng. However, the author verified that there was no evidence of Guo Xipeng's surrender to Japan, and he also participated in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression afterwards. It is likely that Yao Bin made a mistake, Guo Xipeng did have contact with Chuandao and others, and Yao should be identified as a "traitor" by him through media reports or anecdotal legends. At that time, General Zhang Zizhong was ordered by Song Zheyuan and also had "close" relations with Japan, but in fact he endured humiliation and was not a traitor. However, among the people of North China, they are often identified as "traitors". In addition, Liu Yucai also seems to be the former brigade commander of the 7th Brigade of the Northeast Army, who participated in the Rehe War of Resistance. This shows that the "Commander-in-Chief of the North China People's Self-Defense Army" led by Yoshiko Kawashima and the Japanese government-supported Zhang Jingyao, Shi Yousan, Bai Jianwu, Li Shouxin, Li Shouchun, Hao Peng, etc., are obviously another separatist force and weak.
At the end of the secret documents, there is a list of some people in the puppet Manchukuo organization Miyauchi Province. The author did not examine the list in detail. At the end of the article, Yao Bin said that "after that, all the news will be collected and reported at the same time." However, I have not found any more submissions, intelligence or telegrams of "Yao Bin", and I do not rule out his use of his name. Follow-up research is yet to be taken.