"Reminiscing about the past, the Central Plains Plate Swing Year." The crown is charcoaled, and the public opinion is stained with fishy"
。 The Yongjia Rebellion was actually caused by the southward migration of the northern people. Since the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, ethnic minorities have shown signs of internal migration. During the Western Jin Dynasty, it was even more out of control. Eventually, the Central Plains became a battlefield for foreign races.
And the south crossing of the crown is also the story of the northerners moving south.
At that time, Sima Rui led the Zhongyuan scholar Jiang Zuo, and finally formed the Eastern Jin Dynasty with the assistance of Wang Dao. Whether it is a Hu people or a Central Plains person, they always like to go south.
One is to pursue a better living environment, and the other is to escape the chaos of war.
(1) Sailing against the current, if you do not advance, you will retreat
"North of the capital of Tongyou, wilderness of the vast desert, animal husbandry migration, shooting and hunting for industry."
The migration of northerners to the south seems to have become a law of history, and rulers or ordinary people like to run to the south to take refuge whenever there is a lot of war in the north. For example, Xuanzong fled to Sichuan and Shu, and Jianyan Nandu, as well as many small imperial courts in the Southern Ming. After losing the North, they all fought against the enemy countries in the South. However, during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the opposite sign appeared.
1. Wars and displacements
"I'd rather be a prosperous dog than a troubled world"
。 Everyone wants to live in a peaceful social environment, and when there is war, human life is like grass. This has been the case several times in history. The Southern and Northern Dynasties were arguably the darkest period in Chinese history, when regime changes were so frequent that you sang and I appeared.
The clan aristocrats of the previous dynasty often became a thorn in the eye and a thorn in the flesh when the new lord succeeded to the throne. Therefore, if we want to say that the southerners moved north, in fact, it was still dominated by those royal palace nobles who were pampered and superior.
Because they have a certain amount of economic strength, and they are also very afraid of being liquidated.
Just go directly to the north, maybe get good treatment.
During the Hou Jing Rebellion, there was a phenomenon of many northerners moving south. Book of Wei
"Xiao Yan's sons Northern Yanzhou Thorn Shi Xiangtan Hou Xiao Arrived, Xuzhou Thorn Shi Xiao Zheng, Xiangtan Hou Xiao Retreat competed to descend." "In the third year of the Taiqing Dynasty, Wang Xiangui surrendered to Eastern Wei with Shouyang." "History of the North" "During the Tianbao period of Northern Qi, Liangdi Huainan and Huaibei all entered Northern Qi"
2. Bring the land to the land, the treatment is good
Respect is mutual, and if you want to be able to attain supremacy after defecting to other countries, you must certainly have some real skills. When Hou Jing was in chaos, the sons of southern Liang were all sealed everywhere.
Moreover, when everyone saw that the empire was about to collapse, their hearts were naturally full of fear.
At this time, the only countries that can accommodate them are the countries of the north.
The nobles surnamed Xiao took the land they had divided up to defect, which was equivalent to handing over a letter of submission. In exchange for their protection and protection from Hou Jing's slaughter, this account is very cost-effective. Moreover, these people have many options.
Just like during the change of Jiangling, in addition to going to Eastern Wei and Northern Qi, many of the disciples of the clan ran to Western Wei. Whoever offers a high price will go to whomever he wants. And no matter which regime in the north,
They all need this large piece of land that can be obtained without a single soldier.
In order to escape the war, the nobles in the south began to gradually move north. In addition, many were captured after defeat.
In fact, to put it bluntly, it is their own lack of ability, and they are usually accustomed to a dashing and uninhibited life.
In the face of war, there is no other way but to surrender to other countries for temporary security.
All self-migration has only one reason, that is, the land where they live now makes it difficult for them to sustain themselves.
The southern nobles moved north for fear that they would be liquidated or did not want to suffer from war
。 Although some people do not have their own fiefs, they do have gold and silver treasures, and they are very rich. Compared with them, those at the bottom of the People's Republic of China are the coolest.
(2) What is good at the top will be worse at the bottom
"Prosper, the people suffer; death, the people suffer."
In addition to the upper class, the main force of the northward migration is actually those civilians who have no social status, no economic ability, and no possession. After the ethnic minorities entered the Central Plains, they fought wars for many years and attacked each other, and the population declined sharply. The land in the Central Plains since ancient times is relatively fertile, and if the excellent land is uncultivated and there is no chicken chirping for thousands of miles, it is very embarrassing for the ruler.
Because no one can pay taxes, and if taxes cannot be paid, they will not be able to support huge military expenditures, and there will be a danger of national destruction.
1. Take the initiative to return to the north and find life
After the Yongjia Rebellion, a large number of northerners moved south. At the end of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, a large-scale migration of southerners to the north occurred. Among these people, the main force is still the people of Li.
"Water flows low, people go high"
Since the current living environment cannot meet the most basic living conditions, it is better to take the initiative to go north.
History of the North
"In the fifteenth year of the Western Wei Dynasty, the 50,000 people under the command of Shi Xiaoxun of Liang Prefecture entered the dynasty"; "In the fifth year of yuan and five years, more than 32,000 people from the north and south to the people".
There are not many records of the people entering the Northern Dynasty, but the number is quite large. The South is overcrowded, and at this time the North is relatively more promising than its own country.
In fact
The ultimate reason is that a large area of wasteland in the Central Plains has not been reclaimed.
And when they arrive, they can relieve the pressure on the current regime, and those rulers are naturally welcomed with both hands; for themselves, they can temporarily escape the chaos of war, and the important thing is to be able to eat two full meals with peace of mind.
2. Captured and taken into captivity as slaves
Mencius Cloud
"The people of the domain do not seal the boundaries of the frontier, and the solid country does not take the danger of mountains and streams."
But throughout the ages, there have been very few people who have been able to reach this level. The original Sixteen Kingdoms, or later the Northern Dynasty, had plundered the people's power in the south. Book of Zhou and Emperor Wen
"and the Western Wei Dynasty broke through the Jiangling Tombs, and captured its hundred officials and people, and the slaves were 100,000."
This is the largest number of civilians abducted by the northern regime in the historical records. These people have no power to tie their hands and no ability to confront powerful regimes. And the country to which they belonged was even less capable of protecting them. Therefore, we can only watch the people become slaves of the humble people.
After the establishment of the Sui Dynasty, in order to consolidate its own rule, it also began to plunder the people from the south on a large scale.
Moreover, at that time, the Chen Dynasty was very weak and could only be slaughtered. The last time occurred before the Sui Dynasty destroyed Chen and unified the whole country. The Northland has been fighting for many years, and the population has dropped sharply.
And without the people at the bottom to make them slaves, their thrones will naturally not be safe.
Therefore, the northward migration of these people is very involuntary.
(3) The north is strong and the south is weak, obviously
"Yongjiachu, years of plunder, the people are unemployed, and the exiles are returning to the moon and the sun."
When yiguan crossed the south, watching the family clans and powerful people move to the southern region, many people were not willing to live under the rule of foreign tribes, so they followed the imperial court into the Jiangnan area. At the time of Liang Chen, many people began to migrate to the north. The reason why it is very important is that
The northern regime has far more prospects for development than its own country,
There are also many factors such as disaster avoidance and chaos avoidance.
1. Trees die and people live
Everyone has the right to pursue a better life, which is also a fundamental factor that promotes the continuous progress of society.
For the people of the late Southern and Northern Dynasties, their ancestors went to great lengths to escape the war and settle in the south. At this time, Jiangnan was already in a mess because of the HouJing Rebellion and the Jiangling Rebellion.
If they have the ability to choose, no one wants to live in the shadow of the sword and light all day. In the historical texts, the most recorded group of northward migrations is still the royal palace nobles in those dynasties. There are also two motivations for their development to the north. First of all, it is to take the initiative to attach itself.
"Son of Emperor Wu of Liang's brother Wang Hui of Poyang, Ben Yu Qi"
；
"And the Jiangling rebellion, Xiao should go to Chang'an with He Tuo."
These people were unable to continue to live in the fiefdom because of war or infighting between the ruling groups. Although they did not carry their own fiefdoms, they were prominent after all.
So, in general, it still received preferential treatment.
In addition, some people were defeated and captured.
Whether it is one of the two reasons, their attachment will never be alone. Even if there was no city to offer, there were still many gold and silver treasures or soldiers and slaves. In general, the treatment is not very bad.
2. Speculative psychology
With the exception of the royal and commoner classes,
The literati class is also a group of people that should not be underestimated in the process of moving north
。 At that time, in addition to the traditional noble clans, there were also many new Clans.
Because of the frequent changes of the ruling regime and the continuous emergence of infighting, many literati began to go north. After all, the cultural development of the Northern Dynasty was far inferior to that of the South.
Therefore, they see the North as their future.
As a result, the Shu literati saw that the high-level was like this, and they also moved to the north.
After tasting the sweetness, the Northern Dynasty regime also began to gradually force the literati to migrate. Because of the military strength of the north, they always forcibly brought the literati and doctors from all over the country to their own territory after the victory. There are not a few such people, such as Wu Mingche, Pei Jie, Zhan Wenhe and Geng Xun.
"Not harmful to filial piety, but to the father's worries and courtesies."
In addition, many people were influenced by Ren Yi Li Zhixin and moved to the Northern Dynasty. Most of them were wives or parents who were captured in the war, and in order to be able to reunite with their families, they died nine times and resolutely went to the north to reunite with their families.
In addition, many people were forcibly detained in the process of cultural exchange.
In the second year of the Taiqing Dynasty, Xu Ling sent an envoy to Eastern Wei. The chaos of the time was so that it was forced to stay here on this basis."
The rulers took advantage of Hou Jing's rebellion and returned to the name of insecurity to grind the literati of the Southern Dynasty and leave them behind.
epilogue:
The large-scale northward migration of people at the end of the Southern and Northern Dynasties was nothing more than active and passive factors.
Active, because the imperial court is infighting or wars, it is difficult to continue to live, so choose a relatively better living environment; and among them is still passive the most. The north had been fighting for years and the population was sparse, so they began to plunder the population. In fact, no matter what the reason, the main reason is that the northern regime is tough, while the southern regime is weak.
bibliography:
History of the New Five Dynasties
History of the Old Five Dynasties