There is heaven on the top, Suzhou and Hangzhou on the bottom, and the ancient Hemudu people settled in the land of fish and rice in the Ningshao Plain, which embraces the mountains and rivers and has a warm climate.
In the primitive life, the Hemudu people only rely on picking wild fruits in the forest to survive, in this process, they discovered the growth law of wild rice, so they began to collect the seeds of these plants, consciously cultivated, and slowly developed into artificially cultivated rice.
According to the rice and chaff excavated from the Hemudu site, it can be seen that the rice planting area and yield of the Hemudu people at that time were very large, and they planted rice in the low-lying area of the lakeside area and used natural water sources for irrigation, but this did not guarantee the harvest, and in the event of floods or droughts, there may be no harvest, so rice is not the only food source for the Hemudu people, and they must be supplemented by appropriate fishing and hunting and gathering.
In the Hemudu site, unearthed a large number of bone hammers, wooden spears, bone whistles, pottery balls and other items, which is the main tool they used to shoot fish, hunting, they also used the shoulder blades of animals, made of agricultural bone, in order to facilitate operation and save effort, the upper end of the bone is tied with a wooden handle, the wooden handle and the upper part are made into a curved or T-shaped, in the Zhejiang Museum, there is a precious bone, which is the most complete preservation so far.
The Hemudu people used bone rafts to loosen the soil, which shows that they already have a complete set of agricultural tools from ploughing to harvesting, and have begun to walk out of the barbaric stage of "slash and burn" and enter the developed "farming period".
The area where the Hemudu site is located, is full of lakes and swamps, crisscrossed by rivers, and the waters are vast, and the Hemudu people invented a kind of moisture-proof building in the process of long-term residence, that is, "dry column building".
"Dry-column building" is a kind of pile wood-based, constitute a base higher than the ground, in the use of piles and columns to tie the columns, frame beams, cover the ceiling of the half-floor building, is the inheritance and development of "nest residence".
The "dry-column building" can protect the ancient Hemudu people from the attack of wild beasts, and can also resist general flood disasters, and more importantly, they no longer have to live on wet ground. Hemudu people have learned that according to the lighting of the house for site selection, but also for the house to carry out simple decoration, their house, there are rough uneven floors, indoor sitting, lying floor, with mud smoothing, and then laying reeds, so that these parts are relatively flat, easy to clean, conducive to rest, it can be said that Hemudu people are outstanding architects.
The location of Hemudu is always attacked by sea tides and torrential rains, and it is difficult for The Hemudu people to drink clean water, in response to this problem, they invented wooden wells.
The wooden well has more than two hundred piles, composed of long logs, divided into two parts, the inside of the wellhead square, on each side of the pit wall, lay down dozens of piles, the pile inside a square wooden frame, play a stable role, the pile on the flat lying 16 long logs, constitute the shape of the wellhead, the well is also covered with a simple well pavilion, the emergence of wooden wells, so that the water quality has been improved, Hemudu people can often drink clean water.
In order to facilitate travel in the water area, they also built the earliest water transportation vehicle, wooden paddles.
In the long-term process of production and life, hemudu people gradually formed a unique aesthetic consciousness and artistic pursuit, they carved exquisite patterns in ivory, animal bones, wood, the center is the radiant sun, with five concentric circles representing the sun.
Many people believe that this shows the worship of the sun by the Hemudu people, symbolizing the good prospects of the tribe to prosper and develop.
They also drilled small holes in the fangs and canine teeth of some beasts, pointed horns of deer, and vertebrae of fish, and made them into charms to wear around their necks.
Hemudu ruins are like an underground "treasure", showing the real scene of the production and life of ancient ancestors, and its rich remains have further deepened our understanding of the cultural connotation characteristics of Hemudu ruins, which once again proves that Hemudu ruins are a well-preserved, important, Neolithic site in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China, another source of ancient Chinese civilization, and the Yangtze River Basin has since entered the eyes of researchers.
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