On December 31, 1650, the 39-year-old Dolgun, the fourteenth son of The Qing Taizu Nurhaci and the brother of Emperor Taiji of the Qing Dynasty, was present
Sudden death during the hunt in the north of The Seibei
The cause of death and the place of death are in doubt, and various theories are inconsistent.
Prince Dorgon
As an outstanding politician and military figure in the early Qing Dynasty, Dorgon was an important contributor to the Qing court's entry into the Central Plains, and it can even be said that it can be said
The first hero
。
Was he murdered or accidentally killed? Which of the three Kara Cities in the early Qing Dynasty was Shi Zai's death? More than 120 years later, what is the deep meaning of Qianlong's rehabilitation? Let's explore it in the light of historical sources.
Outstanding military achievements
In the third year of Qing Tiancong (the second year of Ming Chongzhen, 1629), Dolgun followed Emperor Taiji to raid Beijing, defeating yuan Chonghuan and Zu Dashou's reinforcements outside the Guangqu Gate, and annihilating the Ming reinforcements from Shanhaiguan in Jizhou.
In the third year of Qing Chongde (the eleventh year of Ming Chongzhen, 1638), Dolgun personally led a left-wing army from Qiangziling and Dongjiakou to enter the pass, plunder shanxi, break Jinan, and kill Lu Xiangsheng, the governor of Xuanda of the Ming Dynasty.
In the famous Battle of Songjin, the Qing army was led by Dolgun and Zilharang, and the Ming army was led by Hong Chengyu and Zu Dashou, and both sides invested more than 100,000 troops. Two years after the fierce battle, Hong Chengyu Songshan City was captured and surrendered, Zu Dashou raised Jinzhou City to surrender, and the Ming Dynasty was left with only ningyuan city east of Shanhaiguan.
Missed the throne
In the eighth year of Qing Chongde (1643 AD), Emperor Taiji died suddenly in Shengjing, and since he did not have an heir before his death, emperor Taiji's eldest sons Hauge and Dorgon both hoped to inherit the throne.
The Manchu Qing political and military system implemented the eight-flag system, at that time Hauge was the head of the two yellow flags, Dolgun was the head of the two white flags, both of which were in the limelight; the two red flags headed by Dai Shan were slightly weak, and the owner of the blue flag was led by the emperor at the same time, so the opinion of the owner of the blue flag, Zilharang, was more critical.
Prince Zheng Zilharang
In the end, Prince Daishan of Li, Prince Of Zheng, Prince Zilharang of Zheng, Prince Duoduo of Yu, and Prince Dolgun of Rui passed a resolution at the Chongzheng Palace, and Dolgun, who was only six years old, supported the six-year-old Emperor Taiji without supporting him
The Ninth Son, Bliss
That is, the throne, that is, the Shunzhi Emperor.
Bit high weight
In June of the first year of Shunzhi (ming chongzhen seventeenth year, 1644), Dorgon negotiated with the kings and ministers and decided to move the capital to Beijing.
In September, the Shunzhi Emperor arrived in Beijing from Shengjing (Shenyang), where he made dolgun his uncle regent and gave him the robe of a mink python. Even if the monument to Dorgon is built,"
Eternal merit in the world
”。 From then on, in terms of treatment, Dorgon began to be above the kings.
At the end of the fifth year of Shunzhi (1648), Dorgon took another step forward and became the regent of the emperor's father. After that, Dolgun
"The one who uses honor, music, and obedience is supreme"
The above historical facts are basically clear to everyone and there is no controversy. So this article focuses on the cause of Dorgon's death and the mystery of the place of death. As for the theory that Empress Xiaozhuangwen married Dolgun, it is purely wild history and will not be discussed.
Sudden sudden death
In August of the seventh year of Shi Zai Shunzhi (1650), Dolgun went out to hunt outside the Gubeikou. While hunting, he fell on his horse and fell. On the ninth day of the first month of December (December 31, 1650 AD), Dolgun Xue was in the city of Kara outside Gubeikou, Chinese New Year's Eve nine years old.
The Manchu Qing won the world on horseback, and from Nurhaci onwards, he paid attention to riding and shooting. A single fall on a horse killed an adult in his prime who was skilled in bowing, among them
There must be something wrong with it
Tan Qian is recorded in the "Journey to the North":
At the beginning, the regent was wounded on his knees and applied with a cold cream, which the doctor Fu Yin said was inappropriate. It is a daily hunt, worth a tiger, and must be shot by His Holiness and followed by all. When the king of the time created even more, he did not support himself, and withdrew from the British king's language, and the outside mo had to hear it.
The Translation and Compilation of the Manchu Archives of the Academy of Internal State History in the Early Qing Dynasty contains:
On November 13, the seventh year of Shunzhi, the regent of the Emperor's father, was in poor health, bored at home, and wanted to export the wilderness...
On the nineteenth day, Su Zunhua.
On the twentieth day, the camp of Susantun was held.
On the fifth day of the first month of December, stay at the Liu Han River.
On the sixth day of the first month, he shot a tiger in the forest of The Holhawk Mountain.
On the seventh day of the first month, the city of Sukara. On that day, the Emperor's father, the regent, was seriously ill and rested.
On the ninth day of the first month, when the emperor's father, the regent, suddenly collapsed.
From this we can distill some information.
First, Dorgon had already suffered a knee injury. He marched and fought for many years, and this situation was inevitable, and there was nothing to doubt.
Second, Dorgon was in a bad mood. The position of high authority will be suspected by others, and there is nothing wrong with it.
Iii. Dorgon's journey is laborious. From the thirteenth day of the trip to the seventh day of the first month of the following month, he has been rushing with injuries for nearly a month, which is not conducive to physical recovery.
Fourth, when hunting, he encountered a beast, fell off his horse in fright, and his condition worsened.
5. Improper medication. The doctor questioned the medication.
In addition, no shi rumors that at that time, the high-ranking officials of the Qing court had two Korean concubines.
This is clear for Dorgon's sudden death.
Suffering from knee injuries, he was in a bad mood and forced out hunting, Kurama Lawton plus excessive indulgence, and encountered a tiger, and his condition worsened and he died after falling from his horse.
Three Kara Cities, which is right or wrong?
In the Early Qing Dynasty, the Translation of the Manchu Archives of the Inner Kingdom History Academy says that Dolgun died in Kara City, but there were three Kara Cities at that time, and later generations have different opinions. Let's analyze them one by one:
The first Kara City, in present-day Luanping Town, Luanping County, Hebei Province, is now the Luanping Development Zone. This is also recognized by most scholars as the place of dorgon's death.
The second Qara City was in present-day Heicheng, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia.
The third kara city was in present-day Chaoyang County, Liaoning Province.
Where did Dorgon die? We can exclude it with the exclusion method.
Chaoyang County is excluded first.
Because the road is too far away, far from Beijing and Chengde, there is no dispute, that is, the name is the same.
The second thing to exclude is Luanping County, which is recognized by historians.
There are two reasons for this:
First, the time is not right.
On the second day of July in the seventh year of Shunzhi, a few months before Dorgon's death, Dorgon proposed to "build a small city" at Harahetun near Luanping. This is why most historians believe that Dorgon died here.
However, the July proposal, after discussion, resolution, drawing and design, and personnel deployment, will take at least two to three months. It was late autumn or early winter, and it was too late to build a city in the northern Chengde region in two months, and Dorgon would not live on the construction site to recuperate.
Second, the geographical location is not right.
The Liuhan River is the Laoha River in present-day Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, and the Holhok River is the Heili River in present-day Ningcheng County.
The Kuri River Channel Whiskers Ditch
The route of Dolgun in the "Translation and Compilation of the Manchu Archives of the Inner Kingdom History Institute in the Early Qing Dynasty" is recorded according to the day, and on the sixth day of the first month, the tiger fell and was seriously injured, so how could he rush to Luanping, which was still under construction 400 miles away, to stay overnight?
Therefore, the city of Kara, where Dolgun stayed overnight, was the black city of Ningcheng County.
After his death, he was stripped of his knighthood and rehabilitated
The emperor's father, the regent, died suddenly, and see the reaction of the Shunzhi Emperor he had embraced.
The Shunzhi Emperor was shocked to hear this. He led the king's ministers to serve five miles outside the Dongzhi Gate to welcome the body of Dorgon. The emperor posthumously honored Dolgun as "Emperor Maode Shudao Guangye Dinggong An Min Li Zheng Chengzheng Jingyi Emperor", the temple number Chengzong, and the funeral ceremony was according to the emperor's ceremony.
But just two months later, many ministers came out to expose Dorgon's great rebellion, and Dolgun was killed
Dig up graves and whip corpses
。 Obviously, without the acquiescence of the Shunzhi Emperor, no one dared to do so. Although Dorgon had meritorious service, his excessive pursuit of power and reputation aroused the rebellion of the Shunzhi Emperor.
In the forty-third year of Qianlong (1778), the Qianlong Emperor rehabilitated Dolgun and restored the title of Prince of Rui, evaluating him
"Fixing the foundation of the country and opening up the foundation, becoming the cause of unification, the most meritorious work"
Many of Qianlong's rehabilitated people were aimed at alleviating social contradictions and maintaining Qing court rule. But in any case, there is a result.
A generation of horseback tyrants, fell off their horses at the age of 39 and died. Things in this world are so incomprehensible.