On December 10, 1949, amid the rumbling of the People's Liberation Army,
Chiang Kai-shek
He fled from Chengdu and flew straight to Taipei.
At this point, the Kuomintang government, which claimed to have an army of 8 million troops, completely collapsed and completely failed on the mainland, and a new page in China's history was opened.
After the defeat of Taiwan, Chiang Kai-shek was like a frightened bird, and the slightest wind and grass moved, and he was terrified and uneasy, plus the president of the United States
Truman
He openly issued a speech on abandoning Taiwan, which undoubtedly made Chiang Kai-shek even worse and fell into a situation of internal and external troubles.
Even so, he still did not give up the idea of returning to the mainland, and in the face of the intensification of the Cold War, Chiang Kai-shek made up his mind to transform the Kuomintang and the army like a new bone, and single-mindedly accumulated strength to wait for the situation to change.
Chiang Kai-shek pinned all his hopes for the reversal on the outbreak of the Third World War, and his desire for war can be said to be impatient.
On June 25, 1950, the Korean War suddenly broke out, and the world was in an uproar.
At this time, Chiang Kai-shek, who was attending the Premier's Commemorative Week at the Neijie Shou Hall in Taipei, received a report from Chiang Ching-kuo and others, he showed a proud smile and could not help but sigh:
Our time may be coming!
Just when Chiang Kai-shek, who was full of ambition, tried to use the Korean battlefield as a stepping stone to use the strength of the US military to enter the northeast of our country and thus achieve the plan of returning to the mainland, reality poured him one basin after another of cold water.
Throughout the Korean War, Chiang Kai-shek proposed three times to send his most elite 52nd Army into the DPRK to fight, why did it not succeed in the end, and what kind of plan was there? As Chiang Kai-shek's closest ally, what is the attitude of the United States?
When the Korean War broke out, Chiang Kai-shek tried for the first time to send troops to the Korean battlefield
At five o'clock in the morning of June 25, 1950, the Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces stationed in Japan was still asleep
MacArthur
Suddenly by the liaison officer
Feld
The Colonel woke up, and a message he reported instantly left MacArthur completely sleepy:
According to an urgent telegram from South Korean President Syngman Rhee, war has already broken out on the Korean Peninsula, the North Korean army has fully broken through the 38th Line, and the South Korean army has been ineffective in resisting and suffering heavy casualties.
Upon receiving this news, MacArthur immediately joined the Defense Minister, who was in Tokyo at the time
Johnson
, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
Bradley
Admiral and Chief of Staff of the United Nations Command
Nastad
The lieutenant general and others consulted and also informed Chiang Kai-shek in Taiwan of the news.
On that day, Chiang Kai-shek, who was 63 years old, took his wife with him
Song Meiling
After praying in the morning at the Yangmingshan official residence, I was preparing to take a car
Taipei City Jieshou Hall attended the Premier's Memorial Week.
Just the moment he was about to step into the car, he saw it
Chiang Ching-kuo
With Zhou Zhirou, Ye Gongchao and others rushing to the front, seeing their rushing appearance, Chiang Kai-shek knew in his heart that something big had happened.
Over the years, Chiang Kai-shek has long been surprised by this kind of scene, and without asking, he knows that the "important things" that his subordinates want to report are obviously the failures that upset him, so he does not have a good look at Chiang Ching-kuo and his entourage, and directly criticizes and asks: "
What is your hurry to come here?
”
Zhou Zhirou saw that Chiang Kai-shek's face was gloomy, did not dare to be idle, and hurriedly reported to him the news reported by the US army.
After Chiang Kai-shek listened, his face instantly turned from cloudy to sunny, revealing a proud smile, and the war he had been looking forward to day and night had finally arrived! That night
At an emergency military conference held at the yangmingshan official residence, he made the decision to send troops to Korea.
Sending troops to Korea is undoubtedly a plot by Chiang Kai-shek to "return to the mainland."
Chiang Kai-shek regarded the Korean War as a godsend for his return to the mainland, and if he could successfully send troops to the Korean Peninsula,
At that time, it is entirely possible to use the strength of the US military to enter northeast China from North Korea, thus opening a gap, and then landing from the southeast coast, forming a situation of north-south attack, so as to achieve the plan of returning to the mainland.
Soon, Chiang Kai-shek sent a telegram to MacArthur that he would send the Most Elite Kuomintang 52nd Army to aid South Korea, and once approved, 33,000 officers and men of the 52nd Army could enter the Korean battlefield by air and sea to participate in the battle, and at the same time made this proposal to U.S. President Harry Truman through diplomatic procedures.
In order to implement his plan to return to the mainland as soon as possible, Chiang Kai-shek quickly carried out pre-war mobilization, the commander-in-chief of the Kuomintang army
Sun Liren
Appointed on the orders of Chiang Kai-shek
Guo Yong
For the commander of the 52nd Army,
Wang Chuying
He served as chief of staff and was specifically responsible for the organizational preparations for the invasion of Korea.
At the same time, at the army headquarters operations meeting held, Sun Liren also dispatched four people, including Hou Teng, Chen Luhua, and Wang Chuying, deputy chief of staff, to form a staff committee and fly to Busan with the assistance of the US military liaison group to agree with the United States and the ROK that it would be appropriate for the 52nd Army to enter the DPRK and participate in the war.
Just as Chiang Kai-shek was happily preparing for the invasion of Korea, the United States, far across the Pacific, hesitated at this moment.
On June 26, U.S. President Harry S. Truman convened a meeting of Defense Secretary Johnson, Bradley, Corres, and others at the Blair Building, at which Johnson, on behalf of MacArthur, proposed to Truman to approve Chiang Kai-shek's proposal to send troops to Korea to participate in the war.
This was the first time Truman had heard a proposal from Chiang Kai-shek's side to send troops to Korea.
Secretary of Defense Johnson, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Bradley and others were positive about MacArthur's proposal, taking into account the actual needs and military deployment of the Korean War, and even Truman said: "
This is a very good suggestion, and the United States should accept Chiang Kai-shek's proposal to send troops to Korea.
All this seems to have come to fruition, and Chiang Kai-shek's "dream" will soon be realized.
What no one expected, though, was the Secretary of State
Acheson
But at this time, an objection was raised.
In his view, Taiwan is one of the areas that is vulnerable to attack, so the United States sent the Seventh Fleet to defend, while the United States spent money to defend the island, and the protected people sent troops to protect others, which sounds very absurd.
If Chiang Kai-shek's army appeared on the Korean battlefield, then the neighboring new China might send troops to participate in the war, so that the Korean War would further expand and the development of the situation would be difficult to control, which would be more than worth the loss for the interests of the United States, after all, the combat effectiveness of the People's Liberation Army was obvious to all at the time of the Liberation War.
Its hardcore allies, Britain and Canada, were equally opposed, and at this time Britain had declared its recognition of new China and established chargé d'affaires diplomatic relations, and if they fought alongside the Nationalist forces in Korea, the originally stable Hong Kong issue and British interests in the Far East would be greatly damaged.
Eventually, against Acheson's backlash, Truman refused Chiang Kai-shek's request to send troops to Korea.
When the news reached Taipei, Chiang Kai-shek was very angry, and although he was very disappointed with this result, he had no choice but to order the advance group that had been on standby at Songshan Airport for three days to return to the original defense.
Chiang Kai-shek's first request to join korea was rejected by the U.S. government.
MacArthur's painstaking "Christmas Offensive" failed miserably, and Chiang Kai-shek plotted for the second time to invade the Korean battlefield
On July 7, 1950, MacArthur became the commander of the "United Nations Army", leading the armies of the United States, Britain, France, Canada, and Turkey to intervene in the Korean Civil War, and the war was further escalated.
And Chiang Kai-shek, who is "in a corner of peace," can only honestly act as a spectator, fantasizing that he still has the opportunity to realize his own plot.
Since the landing of the US Tenth Army at Inchon, the Korean People's Army has been defeated and retreated, and the balance of victory in the Korean battlefield has tilted in an instant.
In the face of the menacing "United Nations Army," New China, which shares water with north Korea, has repeatedly issued serious statements warning the US military not to cross the 38th Line and to avoid expanding the war.
Premier Zhou has repeatedly warned the United States through public occasions or diplomatic channels:
"The Chinese people must not tolerate foreign aggression, nor can they allow imperialism to ignore the wanton aggression of its neighbors."
But these tough statements were dismissed by Truman as "diplomatic blackmail."
October 7, 1950,
Blinded by the victory, MacArthur disregarded the warnings of the new China and brazenly crossed the 38th Line to capture Pyongyang in one fell swoop, and even openly sent aircraft to bomb China's border, once burning the flames of war to the Yalu River.
The wolf ambitions of US imperialism were so evident that hundreds of thousands of people's volunteers were ordered by chairman Mao, the people's leader
He crossed the Yalu River to participate in the war in Korea to resist the United States and aid Korea to defend his family and defend the country.
In the first battle of Yunshan and Wenjing, the sudden appearance of the volunteer army gave the first division of the ELITE cavalry of the US army a blow to the rushing, which surprised MacArthur.
In the re-battle of Cheongcheon River and Chosin Lake, the volunteer officers and men showed their tenacious combat strength and revolutionary spirit of not being afraid of bloodshed and sacrifice, severely damaged the elite first division of the US army, annihilated more than 36,000 enemy troops, killed the US army and retreated more than 120 kilometers south, and gave up the area north of the 38th Line.
On November 28, the U.S. Eighth Army was surrounded by the People's Volunteers, and was violently attacked, suffering heavy casualties and fleeing.
At this time, on the Korean battlefield, the "United Nations Army" commanded by MacArthur only had more than 100,000 people, while the Volunteer Army on the Chinese side had more than 300,000 people in 26 divisions, and also gathered 200,000 reserve troops in northeast China.
For this reason, he sent a telegram to Chiang Kai-shek on his own initiative, asking him to still send the 52nd Army to the Korean battlefield.
At the same time, he also asked Chiang Kai-shek to quickly organize a staff advisory group to rush to Korea first to discuss with Walker, the commander of the US Eighth Army, who was under siege, about the 52nd Army after it was put into the battlefield.
MacArthur's telegram gave Chiang Kai-shek another glimpse of hope.
On the one hand, at MacArthur's request, he once again sent Hou Teng and others to Seoul to exchange with Northstad, chief of staff of the United Nations Army, and Kerr, chief of staff of the Eighth Army, on the issue of the Kuomintang's invasion of Korea, and signed a memorandum of understanding on the 52nd Army's invasion of Korea.
On the other hand, an emergency military conference was held and the 52nd Army, which had entered the Korean War, was ordered to complete the preparations for departure within 24 hours.
On the afternoon of November 30, Zhou Zhirou reported to Chiang Kai-shek:
Seven Navy carriers and three cargo ships have entered the port of Keelung, and 30 C-47 transport aircraft have been ready at Hsinchu and Matsuyama airports.
Chiang Kai-shek then ordered Guo Yong to lead the 52nd Army to assemble at the designated location on December 1 and change into American equipment transported from Japan, and Wang Chuying led the headquarters to stand by at Songshan Airport.
The 52nd Army's entry into the Korean War was all prepared, and with only an order from the White House, more than 30,000 soldiers of the Nationalist Army could immediately set off.
As a result, from December 1 until the 6th, for six full days, Chiang Kai-shek did not receive the "favor" from the United States, and more than 30,000 soldiers had to be ready to go day and night in the assembly area.
It turned out that even as Chiang Kai-shek was happily carrying out his plan, the United States was also fiercely discussing this issue.
This time, Secretary of State Acheson remained opposed to this.
As a participant in the war, the US military has lost one after another on the battlefield, which makes the Americans see the powerful combat strength of the People's Volunteer Army and take a pessimistic attitude towards the development of the war, hoping that MacArthur can first stabilize the Korean War situation and hold a defensive line that can be defended militarily, so that the United States can exert pressure on New China in the United Nations.
Acheson's opinion was endorsed by Bradley, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and Collins, chief of army staff, who also believed that if Chiang Kai-shek sent troops to Korea at this time, it would inevitably lead to the intervention of the Soviet Union and the increase of troops in New China, and the Americans who wanted to end the war at an early date would not sit idly by and watch the Korean War further expand.
Moreover, under the blows of the Chinese Volunteers, the US military was skeptical of the combat effectiveness of Chiang Kai-shek's troops, and it should be known that they were once defeated generals under the Volunteers, and the defeat could be described as a mess.
In the end, under the opposition of Acheson, Bradley and others, Chiang Kai-shek's attempt to send troops to Korea for the second time was once again shattered.
With the dismissal of the pro-Chiang MacArthur, Chiang No longer had any hope of sending troops to Korea.
Clark was inaugurated as commander of the "United Nations Army", and Chiang Kai-shek proposed for the third time to send troops to Korea
It wasn't until April 1952 that things took another turn for the better.
Ridgway, then commander of the "United Nations Army", was transferred to Europe and was formerly the commander of the field forces of the US Army
clarke
He took over as Commander of the United Nations Forces.
When Clark went from Italy to Tokyo, he was shocked to find that Japan's defense was extremely empty, and there was not a single American ground force except for the more than 70,000 police officers of the Self-Defense Forces.
But in the Korean battlefield, the United States has invested one-third of all its army strength, and it has reached the point where there are no troops to send. The stretching of troops made them unable to take care of Japan's defense at all, so there was another uproar of "Taiwan sent troops to Korea to replace the US troops."
This made Chiang Kai-shek, who had long been heartbroken, feel moved again.
Soon, the issue of Chiang Kai-shek's invasion of Korea was quickly discussed in Washington, Tokyo, and Taipei
This time, even the commander of the "United Nations Army" Clarke was full of ambition, and without a clear reply from the White House, he confidently told Chiang Kai-shek that this time the president and the Pentagon attach great importance to my suggestion and hope to be ready to send troops at an early date.
After the first two setbacks, Chiang Kai-shek did not have much hope for Clark's big words, but in order to cooperate with Clark, he ordered Sun Liren to pull the 52nd Army out again and prepare them for the war as they had done twice.
Sometimes fate likes to tease people like this, and this time it has not yet waited for the White House to make up its mind, the President of South Korea
Syngman Rhee
But he jumped out first and raised objections.
At this time, the Korean battlefield has become stable after five battles, the enemy and us have attacked and defended each other near the 38th Line, talking while fighting has become the norm, large-scale battles are difficult to occur, and small-scale military offensives have become an important chip in the political game between the two sides.
Against this background, Syngman Rhee believes that instead of letting the Kuomintang send troops, the United States should further strengthen and make full use of South Korea's military strength, and Chiang Kai-shek's dispatch of troops to the Korean battlefield is detrimental to the interests of the ROK.
Syngman Rhee's opinion was echoed by the Pentagon, and Acheson remained opposed to the proposal, believing that the Korean War situation at this time had stabilized, and there was not enough facts and no need to explain that sending troops to Fight in North Korea could change the tide of the war.
Truman again rejected Clark's request after considering the opinion of the equally disapproving Acheson.
For this result, Chiang Kai-shek seems to have known that it was expected, and there were not too many waves in his heart.
In the course of the entire Korean War, especially at the critical juncture of the us military fiasco, the US Government has rejected all of chiang kai-shek's request to join the KOREAN war with 30,000 living forces, which seems to make people feel very puzzling.
But through the phenomenon to delve into the deep reasons for the US government's decision-making, this is closely related to its global strategy.
If Chiang Kai-shek's army is put into the Korean battlefield, although it can relieve some of the pressure on the battlefield for the operation of the US military, it also provides a reason for the new China to fully invade Korea, and it may further lead to a frontal conflict between the two superpowers in Asia, the United States and the Soviet Union.
At that time, the United States did not have enough strength to engage in a large-scale war with the Soviet Union, a Chinese volunteer army had already left the United States in a hurry, and then a Soviet Union with nuclear weapons and a China that was fully engaged in war, they naturally understood the final outcome.
The politicians in the White House also see Chiang Kai-shek's "plot" clearly, and they will not sit idly by while the United States sacrifices its own interests to make Chiang Kai-shek profit from it.
Moreover, the US military's support for Chiang Kai-shek's invasion of Korea would harm the interests of its hardcore ally Britain in Hong Kong, India and other colonies in Asia
The United States will not send troops to Korea for the sake of Chiang Kai-shek's partial interests and damage relations with its major Western allies, and the slightest carelessness will cause the collapse of the Western military alliance and endanger its European strategic interests.
Third, at that time, the military strategic focus of the US military was located in Europe, and the Asian side mainly adopted a strategic defensive posture, and Taiwan was an extremely important strategic defense point in its Asian defense, and it was an important link in the Japan-Ryukyu-Taiwan-Philippines-Australia defense island chain it built.
If Chiang Kai-shek rushes to attack Korea, it will inevitably lead to the weakness of its own defenses, the possibility of Taiwan falling, and thus posing a great threat to the US military's defense in the western Pacific and the sea lines of communication.
Looking at the global layout of the United States, it is not difficult to find that Chiang Kai-shek's invasion of Korea is inevitably impossible to achieve, and on the US global strategic chessboard, he has always been a dead chess piece that cannot be taken out one step at a time.
Looking back at history, even if Chiang Kai-shek really received the "grace" of the United States to send troops to Korea, he could not and would not have achieved the goal of entering the northeast.
As the world's number one military power, the US military still has no advantage in the hands of the heroic Chinese Volunteer Army, not to mention the national army that has been defeated.
Whether or not he was armed to the teeth, whether he was well trained or not, they could never reach the "Great Wall of Steel" built by the People's Volunteer Army, and the Kuomintang's invasion of Korea was only in vain to increase cannon fodder!