In 1949, in a parlor in Shanghai, a woman cried bitterly at a man with a contemptuous face. The woman's name was Hu Lanqi, and the indifferent man was pan Hannian, who was the vice mayor of Shanghai at the time.
Pan Hannian was mainly busy with intelligence gathering in Shanghai at that time, so he was particularly sensitive to such behavior of this woman, because the special nature of his duties caused him to have no good feelings for the woman who was crying in front of him.
Then he said coldly to Hu Lanqi:
"Chen Yi has been married for a long time, and now has his own children and is living a stable life. Why did you come to him? ”
Family portrait of Marshal Chen Yi's family
At this time, Hu Lanqi did not know that the organization still had a certain misunderstanding of her, and had certain doubts about her life experience.
She was in the empty parlor in a state of collapse, once she and Chen Yishan had sworn an alliance, but they were not together for political reasons.
She thought she could be with Chen Yi.
He waited for Chen Yi for ten years, but the last thing he received was the news of Chen Yi's marriage. There must have been a lot of painful feelings at that time.
Hu Lanqi
Hu Lanqi is known as the first female general of the Republic of China, and she really confirmed that sentence in her life experience."
Don't let the eyebrows be shaved.".
In the wave of the Chinese revolution at that time, she hovered between different revolutionary forces and fought for the revolutionary cause all her life.
In addition, what she is talked about is that she once had a love story with Marshal Chen Yi.
Hu Lanqi loved Chen Yi all his life, but due to various obstacles, the two could not come together in the end. Hu Lanqi went to military school, squatted in prison, and was once a major general.
So what happened to such a legendary female revolutionary in her life? Let's move on to the next look!
The historical background of the country at that time
In the history of the Republic of China, it can definitely be regarded as a period of strange women competing for the emergence.
After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, Chinese women who had experienced the shackles of a thousand years of etiquette in China began to usher in liberation.
Among them, a very large number of celebrities have been born. Many of them were born into a family of scholars or performers.
Despite having a very good reputation in society at the time, it is difficult to show the contribution of Chinese women in the powerful revolutionary process.
To know that the Republic of China is not the same as we see in the movies, in fact, in that era was absolutely full of all kinds of turmoil, and the "superficial prosperity" we saw was actually only the life of those upper-class rulers, when more people were actually facing poverty and hunger.
At that time, there was social unrest, and everywhere was war.
Hu Lanqi's early life
Hu Lanqi is a member of the Chengdu Sauce Garden Office
。
She was born on June 22, 1901, into a family surnamed Hu. Her ancestor Hu Dahai was a hero of the Ming Dynasty, and his father was
Uncle Robes
This allowed his father to make many friends in society and has been participating in the activities of "anti-Qing and restoration".
Hu Lanqi received a strict family education from an early age.
Since childhood, he has admired heroes such as Wen Tianxiang and Yue Fei.
In her later years, Hu Recalls that she said that two women had a profound impact on her.
One is
Independent female Cao Zhaodi, this person
Under the influence of Wu Zetian's recruitment of female champions, she opened a private school, and she was very disgusted by the concept of son preference, and later changed her name
Cao Bingru
There is also a woman Tan Mou, she is Cao Bingru's neighbor, because she grew up beautiful, she was framed for premarital misconduct, and as a result, she was subjected to various domestic violence by her husband after marriage.
Cao Bingru wanted to say
She was served to leave the family, but she was still hesitant.
She said:
"Marry the chicken with the chicken, marry the dog with the dog".
As a result, this Tan mou died because of domestic violence.
Because of their attitude to life, these two women have completely gone in different directions in their lives, which has made Hu Lanqi's anti-feudal ideas sprout.
By the time she was 7 years old, she was a pioneer in the women's movement
Qiu Jin was killed
This also brought a lot of ideological shock to her soul.
His mother said angrily:
"Kill one Qiu Jin, then there will be tens of millions of Qiu Jin standing up, and women who pursue freedom will not be intimidated."
”
Deeply influenced by the new ideas, Hu Lanqi actively participated in the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal movement during the May Fourth Movement.
But her father had already done a marriage for her at home and asked her to marry his cousin Yang Guzhi.
However, Hu Lanqi was simply unable to achieve a spiritual fit with Yang Guzhi, a businessman who only valued fame and fortune, and he was not interested in Hu Lanqi's ideals at all, nor was he indifferent to the dangerous situation facing the country.
However, Hu Lanqi was unwilling in his heart, but he still could not help his father and accepted the marriage. However, the good times were not long, and Hu Lanqi could not stand the boredom of her husband in marriage, so after marriage, she fled to southern Sichuan to become a teacher.
It was not until 1923 that Hu Lanqi, who had been married for two years, divorced Yang Guzhi with the help of relatives and friends.
The story of Hu Lanqi and Chen Yi
In 1922,
Hu Lanqi came to Chongqing, the center of the Sichuan Revolution. She met Zhou Qinyue, the editor of the New Shu Bao, and Zhou Qinyue admired her very much.
Soon after, Zhou Qinyue took a tall and thin one again
Young and middle-aged shu
Brought to Hu Lanqi's apartment, and introduced the two to know.
This young man was Chen Yi, the marshal who later made great achievements in the new China, and his later military achievements were outstanding. At that time, Chen Yi had just returned from work-study in France, and he was the main author of the "New Shu Bao".
Chen Yi in his youth
His articles had a very far-reaching impact on progressive young students in Sichuan.
And Hu Lanqi and Chen Yi also talked very happily this time and felt good about each other.
This is a rebirth for Hu Lanqi, and it is a new beginning for her.
And Hu Lanqi's beauty is also widely known, and even the Sichuan warlord Yang Sen at that time was deeply attracted to her. After Yang Sen learned of Hu Lanqi's divorce, he repeatedly proposed to her, hoping that she would be his aunt.
However, Yang Sen's wishful thinking was rejected by Hu Lanqi one after another, which seemed absolutely unbelievable at the time, daring to say no directly to a Sichuan warlord, and it is estimated that only Hu Lanqi was one.
Sichuan warlord - Yang Sen
Mao Dun's novel "Rainbow" has such a female character, her name is Mei Xingsu, who has a proud personality but is full of ideals. Due to the compulsion of her parents, Mei Xingsu was eventually forced to marry her cousin Liu Yuchun.
Later, on the road to freedom, Mei Xingsu ended his marriage with his cousin, and then got rid of the entanglement of the provincial governor and embarked on the road of revolution.
The heroine who appears in the contradictory novel is based on Hu Lanqi. Her spirit of defiance had a great influence at the time, becoming not only a prototype in literature, but also many women who struggled under the oppression of feudal society.
But it was also in that accidental exchange that Hu Lanqi and Chen Yi saw each other as they were, and the two were very compatible in their ideals, thinking and opinions.
So in Hu Lanqi's heart, she had a strong liking for this man who had the world in mind.
However, the national situation at that time did not allow them to pay too much attention to this kind of children's affection, so Hu Lanqi could only hide this feeling silently in his heart.
In 1925, Hu Lanqi met a Sichuan officer, Chen Mengyun, who was also a progressive senior officer. After some conversation, based on the same ideals, the two fell in love and soon married.
With the call of the Great Revolution, after they got married, they began to go to Guangzhou to participate in the preparations for the Northern Expedition.
At that time, Guangzhou was a holy place during the Great Revolution, where many of the early leaders of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party gathered.
It was during this period that Hu Lanqi met Premier Zhou, Li Fuchun, and Ms. He Xiangning, the wife of Kuomintang leader Liao Zhongkai. Because of the influence of these people, Hu Lanqi's life has changed dramatically since then. But it is precisely because of this change in cognition that her marriage has also changed a lot.
He Xiangning
He Xiangning had a huge impact on Hu Lanqi's career and life.
Later, Hu Lanqi often said: "Ms. He Xiangning took care of me like a sister." She later worked in the then Central Women's Department, and He Xiangning served as the minister of the ministry. At the height of the Northern Expedition, Hu Lanqi wanted to apply to the Wuhan Central Political College, the Whampoa Military Academy. But Chen Mengyun did not want Hu Lanqi to go to military school.
The first reason is that Hu Lanqi is young and beautiful,
That one
The school was full of boys, and he was afraid that he would wear a green hat.
The second reason was because of the political situation at the time. Therefore, Hu Lanqi has been hindered by every means, but when a woman is determined to do something, that stubbornness is really unimaginable.
So in the end, Chen Mengyun reluctantly agreed to hu Lanqi to go to college to continue his studies.
At school, Hu Lanqi always wanted to join the party and become a party member, but the organization never agreed to her request to join the party. Hu asked why, and later a person in charge of party relations secretly told her that the group would consider her family situation. As long as she breaks up with Chen Mengyun, she can join the party. The arrogant Hu Lanqi directly refused. She said:
"My husband treats me with deep affection, and if I abandon him in order to join the party, then I will really waste his heart for me."
It was also at this time that Chen Yi also began to carry out revolutionary activities under her husband.
At that time, Chen Yi came to work under Chen Mengyun, director of the Political Department of the 3rd Division of the Sichuan Army.
Because of his gentle personality and profound knowledge, the officers and men of the 3rd Division respected him very much. On March 31, 1927, the Sichuan warlord Liu Xiang was instigated by Chiang Kai-shek
The "3.31" massacre
Hundreds of members of our Party were killed, and these executioners, wielding bloodthirsty knives in their hands, opened a new prelude to the white terror inhumanely.
This made Hu Lanqi very angry, and at that time, she was also worried about the safety of her husband and confidant Chen Yi, and she did not think about food and tea every day, and she was worried every day.
In late April, when she was reading the newspaper on the playground, suddenly someone called her name.
And said that someone was looking outside the door
。 After Hu Lanqi heard the news, he immediately ran to the reception room. After she saw Chen Yi in military uniform, she was very excited, shook his hand and said:
You escaped safely, do you know where The Dream Cloud is? ”
"Don't worry, he's fine, let's go out and talk."
Figure | Hu Lanqi rong dressed up photo
Chen Yi said these words, and Hu Lanqi began to be relieved. After that, the two came to the bottom of the Yellow Crane Tower and came to a small tea house.
Chen Yi said while drinking tea:
"You can rest assured that Chen Mengyun is not in any danger. He will be in Hankou soon and he has done very well in this incident. ”
Subsequently, Chen Yi talked about what happened before and after the escape.
Hu Lanqi learned:
Liu Xiang ordered Chen Shunong, commander of the 3rd Division, to capture Chen Yi. After hearing this news, Chen Mengyun quickly said: "Chen Yi is deeply loved by officers and soldiers, why arrest him?" After Chen Shunong listened, he quickly said that he was leaving. But, at this time the brigade commander
Wang Xuejiang
Invited Chen Mengyun and Chen Yi to dinner together. The two believe that Wang Xue
ginger
The banquet was supposed to be a Hongmen banquet, so they had to leave Hechuan. When Hu Lanqi heard the news, she was very excited, she did not expect her husband to be so safe.
Soon they talked until 12 o'clock, and then went to a restaurant, Hu Lanqi ordered a pot of meat and home-cooked tofu, and the two ate and talked.
Suddenly, Chen Yi asked:
"How long have you been studying at military school?" Have you joined the Party? ”
Hu Lanqi said very frustratedly after listening:
"I also wanted to join the party, but I never succeeded. In April, I talked to Zhao Yiman about this matter, and she thought that I was qualified to join the party, but my economic background was not very good, so I could only divorce Chen Mengyun. ”
This statement has always made Hu Lanqi unable to understand, why can't the husband join the revolution if he has money?
All this made Madame feel very tormented. She didn't know how to be good.
Then she said:
"When I left Sichuan, I told him that as long as he was revolutionary, I would not be separated from him, and we could not divorce him for this reason."
After hearing these words, Chen Yi comforted Hu Lanqi that he would go to the military academy later, and he would find an opportunity to talk to them.
After hearing these words, a warm current surged up in Hu Lanqi's heart. Although he was the same age as this fellow, Chen Yi looked at himself like a sister who needed to be taken care of, and needed long-term comfort.
Soon, Chen Yi did come to the Whampoa Military Academy to take up a post, ostensibly as an office worker, but in fact he was the leader of the CCP organization. He specifically inquired about the situation and problems of Hu Lanqi's joining the Communist Party of China, and introduced the relevant situation.
However, Li Shuning and others did not provide him with any information.
Chen Yi
Soon after, Chiang Kai-shek launched the "April 12" counter-revolutionary coup, and the Central Military Academy was dissolved.
With the efforts of the Central Party Organization,
The Central Party School was reorganized into the teaching regiment of Zhang Fakui's Second Front
It was also in the summer of that year that the teaching group was about to march east to seek jiang.
Before Chen Yi left, he deliberately rushed from Wuchang to Hankou to say goodbye to Chen Mengyun and Hu Lanqi, who specially made his favorite pot meat for Chen Yi.
Chen Yi and Hu Lanqi were the same year. At that time, Hu Lanqi and Chen Yi were still like-minded friends, and they talked about almost everything.
In Hu Lanqi's heart at that time, Chen Yi was like a careful brother. They often discussed the future route with ambition, but they did not expect that this time their parting would be ten years long.
It was not until 1937 that Hu Lanqi and Chen Yi met again, and at this time, Hu Lanqi had grown a lot, and she had become at that time
Outstanding anti-fascist representative writer
In the "April 12" counter-revolutionary coup and Wang Jingwei's "Qing Party" in Wuhan, countless young people were slaughtered by their compatriots.
This is simply a bloody human tragedy. Without a strong will and ideals, revolutionaries simply cannot pass this test.
And it was in this dangerous situation that Hu Lanqi remained firmly on the side of the Communist Party, which she chose
In Shanghai and Jiangxi, he fought against the right wing of the Kuomintang
Hu Lanqi in his youth
Hu Lanqi's history of overseas struggle
In 1929, Hu Lanqi was given an opportunity to study in Germany. You must know that at that time, if the patriotic young people could have the opportunity to learn advanced military and scientific and technological science and technology, it was something they dreamed of.
After that, Hu Lanqi successfully worked and studied in Germany, and in Marx's hometown, she saw the greed and decay of the capitalists with her own eyes, and under the introduction of Liao Chengzhi, Hu Lanqi finally joined the Communist Party as she wished.
After Hitler came to power, many Communists and progressives were arrested.
Hu Lanqi was also detained in a women's prison, and she was tortured in all kinds. The news soon spread throughout China, with celebrities such as Soong Ching-ling, Lu Xun, and Cai Yuanpei going to the German consulate in Shanghai to protest Hitler's persecution of progressives.
Thanks to the efforts of his chinese compatriots, Hu was released from the women's prison after serving a three-month sentence in prison, after which hu lanqi went into exile in Paris.
After Hu Lanqi was released from prison, Hu Lanqi wrote a book called "In German Women's Prisons".
In this book, she wrote about the atrocities she saw in prison by the Germans, which caused a violent reaction from all over the world.
So much so that she was ruthlessly expelled from German territory by the German authorities. After Hu Lanqi left Germany, she chose to come to the Soviet Union, which was the holy land of the communist movement at that time.
Because of his deep love for literature, Hu Lanqi also successfully befriended the Soviet literary hero Gorky in the Soviet Union, and was highly praised by Gorky at the First Congress of Soviet Writers.
Gorky spoke highly of it
Hu Lanqi's "In german women's prisons"
and considered it to have played an active role in resisting the tyranny of German fascism. In 1936, Gorky died, and Hu Lanqi attended Gorky's funeral in Moscow and performed the ceremony for Gorky with Gorky's daughter-in-law.
After that, Hu Lanqi returned to the motherland in dire straits, she actively participated in various anti-Japanese wars, and spontaneously organized women's field service groups, at that time Hu Lanqi was at the forefront of the War of Resistance Against Japan.
Hu Lanqi became a female general and made outstanding contributions
On the front line, Hu Lanqi made full use of the power of women, built a bridge between the army and civilians, and inspired and mobilized the local people to support the War of Resistance Against Japan.
At the same time, she actively created and rehearsed literary scripts based on the outstanding deeds of the war, and sent literary and artistic condolences to the soldiers, which greatly improved the morale of the army.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Hu Lanqi traveled to several battlefields, during which she achieved world-renowned achievements.
And that's why she became the first female major general during the Republic of China.
"Can a woman be a general?" This is a question that many people have raised. This was also a very rare thing at the time, and naturally caused a lot of criticism:"
Hu Lanqi is a woman, and she is commissioned to be a major general, and there is a lot of gossip outside!
Li Jishen, then head of the Military Commission, replied:
"It's because she's a woman that a lot of people are making a fuss. But in the case of her history of participating in the revolution, if she were a man, the lieutenant general would have become one. ”
Li Jishen
Hu Lanqi and Chen Yi made a three-year pact
Although the social status of women had improved at that time, there were still some prejudices in society. Although Hu Lanqi had the title of female general, she was also for our party
make
Many contributions were made, but her party membership problems remained unresolved.
What about Chen Yi and Hu Lanqi, what happened in those years?
It is worth saying that when Hu Lanqi and Chen Yi reunited in Jiangxi in 1937, they were both single at the time and had admired each other for more than a decade.
They both shared their feelings with each other, and they both came up with ideas about getting married.
But at that time, Xiang Ying, commander of the New Fourth Army, said: "You are a senior officer of the Nationalist Army. You need to make more contributions to our Party in the ranks of the National Army. If you want to marry Chen Yi, the party can't agree for the time being. ”
"Because of their loyalty to the party, the two had to succumb to this reality." Chen Yi said: "Revolution is always sour. For the sake of the revolution, we must drink this bitter wine. If we don't have a chance to be together in three years, let's stop bothering each other. ”
It's just that Chen Yi's 3-year agreement has not been fulfilled, which has become the agreement of Hu Lanqi's life. In the end, Chen Yi married Zhang Qian in Yan'an, while Hu Lanqi never married. However, it is worth saying that Hu Lanqi has been paying attention to Chen Yi's dynamics. In June 1947, the newspaper published the news that "Chen Yi died". After seeing it, Hu Lanqi felt very sad. In the end, I inquired everywhere and knew that it was fake news, so I was relieved.
Liberation
After liberation, Hu Lanqi's identity was never made public due to special circumstances.
As mentioned at the beginning, at that time, Hu Lanqi had secretly seen Pan Hannian. When Hu Lanqi told Pan Hannian that she wanted to see Chen Yi, he immediately refused Hu Lanqi's request. He said to Hu Lanqi:
"Chen Yi has been married for so long, and now that there are many children, what are you looking for?"
After 12 years of waiting, this is the final result of Hu Lanqi's waiting, which may be too cruel for Hu Lanqi.
For the nostalgia of the former lover, Hu Lanqi can only put it in his heart. Hu Lanqi quietly looked at Chen Yi many times.
Whenever he saw Chen Yi speaking on the podium, Hu Lanqi couldn't stop crying. However, behind these tears, Hu Lanqi's heart was dripping with blood!
Years later, Hu Lanqi never went to look for Chen Yi again. As she was characterized by Pan Hannian, Hu Lanqi lost her way of connecting with the organization.
Later, during the "special period", Hu Lanqi was seriously affected, and his ears were also deafened at this time. Hu Lanqi wanted to give up his life many times. Fortunately, every time Hu Lanqi tried to give up, Hu Lanqi persevered because of his faith.
Hu Lanqi in his later years
After the country returned to stability, Comrade Liao Chengzhi found Hu Lanqi, who was in a difficult situation, and rehabilitated her.
In 1978, Hu Lanqi regained his honor, rejoined the Communist Party, and became a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
However, she did not forget the unjust, false and wrongly decided cases of others, so she actively fought for the interests of many comrades, did her best to find materials, and then devoted herself to the charity of the elderly, and established a paradise for the elderly, she hoped to build a home for the elderly.
On December 13, 1994, Hu Lanqi died at the age of 93.
In her later years, she commented on herself:
"In my life, I only know how to follow the big times, run on the tip of the waves, and even if I am hit by the reef and break my head and bleed, I can only lick my wounds."
Hu Lanqi in his later years
Conclusion: Chen Yi and Hu Lanqi have no connection
As for her love affair with Marshal Chen Yi, I can only say that the fate is not enough.
I think Chen Yi must have been looking for Hu Lanqi's whereabouts in those years, but perhaps Chen Yi also thought that Hu Lanqi had also lived a stable life, so he couldn't bear to "disturb".
But it was this kind of intolerance that caused Marshal Hu Lanqi and Marshal Chen Yi to miss each other's lives.
Hu Lanqi is firm in love, but unfortunately she did not get a good result. If there is an afterlife, I hope that Hu Lanqi can harvest the love she has been waiting for for a long time, we wish so much!